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LATIN EXERCISES; 




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ADAPTED TO 



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ANDREWS AND STODDARD'S 



LATIN GRAMMAR. 



By PROF. E. A. ANDREWS. 



SECOND EDITION. 



BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, 
47 Washington Street. 

1839. 












^V2»i 



Entered according - to Act of Congress, in the year 1839, 

By Crocker and Brewster, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. 



A (b / £****>- 



STEREOTYPED AT THE 
BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. 



PREFACE. 



The following Exercises form the concluding volume of a 
series of elementary Latin works, the basis of which is the Latin 
Grammar of Andrews and Stoddard. In addition to the Grammar 
and Exercises, the series includes, under the title of "First Lessons 
in Latin," an abridgment of the Grammar, with short reading les- 
sons and corresponding exercises in syntax ; and also an edition of 
" Jacobs and Doring's Latin Reader," with copious references to 
the larger Grammar. 

The volume now offered to the public consists of exercises de- 
signed to illustrate the principles of orthoepy, etymology, syntax, 
and prosody, as exhibited in the same Grammar, and to render their 
application easy and familiar to the student. 

The exercises in syntax are divided into two parts. In the first, 
which contains only short sentences, intended to illustrate the more 
important principles of syntax, the rules are arranged in such a 
manner, as to prevent, in a great degree, the introduction of idioms 
not previously illustrated. In the second part, the order of the 
rules in the Grammar has been preserved, and the number of exam- 
ples has been proportioned, in some degree, to the importance or 
difficulty of the rule. Subjoined to these are other examples, 
illustrative of the more important remarks and exceptions under 
each rule. To the examples of English and Latin sentences, ar- 
ranged in corresponding columns, are added others, consisting of 
English sentences only, with notes designed to aid the student in 
his choice of words and phrases, and to lead him to the right con- 
struction. In the syntactic part of the work, Dr. Kenrick's Exer- 
cises, adapted to his translation of Zumpt's Grammar, have furnished 
many of the most valuable materials ; and whatever was wanting in 
that work to complete the plan of these exercises has been supplied 
from other sources. 



4 PREFACE. 

The prosodial exercises are taken from Bradley's Prosody, and 
will be found particularly useful to those who wish to acquire the 
art of writing Latin verses — an art, as experience has shown, 
highly useful in improving the classical taste of those who practise 
it, and scarcely requiring more time or labor for its acquisition than 
is often spent in decrying it 

In regard to the mode of using this work, much must be left to 
the judgment of the teacher, who will be guided, in this respect, 
by a consideration of the age and attainments of the student. In 
general, the exercises in etymology, and the shorter ones in syntax, 
can be corrected after the first perusal of the Grammar ; while the 
remaining parts should be studied in connection with a thorough 
review of those portions of the Grammar to which they relate. 
In commencing the study of this work, it may be best for the student 
to write the principal part of his exercises; but subsequently, and 
especially in reviewing it, oral translations will probably be found 
more useful. By this means, English words and phrases become 
permanently associated with the corresponding Latin expressions, 
so that the latter are immediately suggested by the former. 

The exercises in hexameter and pentameter verses can he com- 
menced as soon as the student is well acquainted with the principal 
rules of prosody. With these it may he found useful to connect the 
composition of what are called nonsense verses, or lines correctly 
constructed, according to the rules of prosody, but without regard 
to the meaning of the words of which they are composed. An 
accurate knowledge of the mechanical structure of the verse may, 
in this way, be readily acquired ; after which the transition will 
be easy, on the part of those who possess some share of poetical 
genius, to the composition of sense verses. 

When the student is familiar with the exercises contained in this 
volume, he will be prepared to commence original composition ; 
which should always be accompanied with a careful perusal of the 
best Latin classics, from which alone a pure idiom can be acquired. 

Boston, December 25, 1838. 



LATIN EXERCISES. 



ORTHOEPY. 



Divide and accent the following words : 

§ 18. Nemo, eques, munus, timor, pauper, fcedus, caecus, 
gigas, consoles, homines, corpora, optimus, urgetur, cupidi- 
tates, amittitur ; lucrum, agri, ambulacrum, ThemistOcles ; 
nullus, verbum, virtus, doctus, agnus, omnis, scripsi, pastor, 
naphtha, Anacharsis. 

§ 19. Genera, aequora, eripi, muneribus, venerabilis, 
frugalitas, Gaditanus, peritus, amatus, auditus ; egregius, 
patricius, Agrippa, Euphrates, Euclides. 

§ 20. Longisslmus, princTpes, vespera, Vespasianus, ob- 
lecto, colendus, arundrnes, vertuntur, sententia, patribus. 

(a.) Palladium, gratia, patientia, sedeo, Mediolanum, do- 
leo, morior, otium, oleaginus, Adria, Trinacria, Admageto- 
bria; (b.) producere, munera, laurea, Eupolis, volucribus ; 
(c.) induo, artuum. 

§ 21. Lustratio, contemplor, contrarius, planctus, con- 
temptor ; miserabiliter, magnificentia, sediiicatio, vehere, ve- 
hemens, lacryma, Pasiphae, Pasithea. 

§ 23. Aboleo, adoro, adigo, ambigo, circumeo, decido, 
diluo, ebibo, eloquor, inaudax, inuro, obeo, obambulo, pereo, 
pererro, praedico, praefero, profero, profluo, prodesse, prodigo, 
1* 



D EXERCISES IN ETYMOLOGY. 

redeo, redigo, relevo, subactus, subitus, suborno, — rupi- 
capra, agricola, millepeda, caprlpes, noctivagus, centimauus, 
misericors, breviloquens, superstes, gedifico, maledico, mul- 
timodis, quomodo, commas, propediem, quilibet, aliciibi, 
praeterea, sicubi, quamobrem. 

Scientist nulla res est prsestantior. Obsequium amicos, 
Veritas odium parit. 

Ad Csesarem Augustum delatum est, L. Cinnam insidias 
ei struere. Cinnam ad se accersivit, dijnissisque omnibus, 
indicium exposuit, adjecit locum, socios, diem, ordmem in- 
sidiarum ; et cum sua in eum beneficia plurima commemo- 
rasset, pro quibus ille infandam csedem paraverat, his verbis 
desiit : " Vitam tibi, Cinna, iterum do, prius hosti, cum te in 
hostium meorum castris invenerim, nunc insidiatori ac par- 
ricide. Ex hodierno die inter nos amicitia incipiat ; et 
quam libenter ego tibi vitam do, tarn libenter tu mihi earn 
debeas." Post haec, detulit ei ultro consulatum, questus quod 
non auderet petere ; amicissimum fidelissimumque habuit. 
Heres illi solus fuit : et nullis amplius insidiis ab ullo petltus 
est, id dementia consecutus, quod antea severitate frustra 
quaesiverit. 



ETYMOLOGY. 

FART I. 
NOUNS. 

The following questions are inserted as examples of exercises on the 
declensions. 

"What are the terminations of the several cases in the first 
declension in each number ? — in the second declension? — 
in the third? — in the fourth? — in the fifth? What is the 
termination of the nom. sing, in the first declension? — nom. 
plur. ? — gen. sing. ? — gen. plur. ? — dat. sing ? — dat. plur. ? 

— ace. sing.? — ace. plur.? — voc. sing.? — voc. plur.? — 

— abl. sing. ? — abl. plur. ? 

Similar questions should be proposed in regard to the other declen- 
sions, varying their order, till each termination can be readily given 



ETYMOLOGY TERMINATIONS OF NOUNS. 7 

without reference to its connection ; after which promiscuous exercises 
on all the declensions can be introduced. 

What is the root of aula ? — cur a ? — galea ? — insula ? — 
litera ? — luscinia ? — machina ? — penna ? — sagitta ? — 
stella? — toga? 

What is the root of animus ? — clypeus ? — corvus 1 — gla- 
dius ? — numerus ? — puer ? — socer ? — aper ? — faber ? — 
magister ? — antrum ? — helium ? — negotium ? 

What is the root of poema ? — stemma ? — ancilc ? — 
aquilo ? — regio ? —ferrugo ? — formido ? — homo ? — euro ? 

— animal ? — Titan ? — career ? — met ? — agmen ? — tibi- 
ccn ? — f rater ? — crater ? — far ? — hepar ? — cor ? — ebur ? 

— pietas ? — mas ? — ales ? — clades ? — comes ? — lebes ? — 
miles ? — seges ? — obses ? — Ceres ? — classis ? — cuspis ? — 
sanguis ? — lis ? — mos ? — cristas ? — bos ? — fcedus ? — cor- 
pus ? — palus ? — virtus ? — jus ? — laus ? — stirps ? — dens 7 
forceps ? — frons ? — auceps ? — comix ? — conjux ? — lex ? 
apex ? — senex ? — nix ? — nox ? 

What is the root of cantus ? — currus ? — exercitus ? — 
veru ? — fides ? — spes ? — fades ? 

The student will perceive that the roots of many nouns and adjec- 
tives are not found in the nominative singular. For the purpose of 
supplying the true root, as well as for determining the declension, the 
termination of the genitive singular is given in the dictionary, since, 
in all the declensions, the root may be found by removing the termi- 
nation of this case. 

Give aula, dat. sing. ; cur a, gen. plur. ; galea, ace. sing. ; 
insula, abl. plur. ; litera, ace. plur. ; luscinia, abl. sing. ; mach- 
ina, nom. plur. ; penna, gen. sing. ; sagitta, voc. plur. ; 
stella, dat. plur. ; toga, voc. sing. 

Give animus, nom. plur. ; clypeus, voc. sing. ; corvus, abl. 
sing.; focus, ace. sing.; gladius, gen. plur.; Incus, ace. 
plur. ; numerus, dat. plur. ; ocednus, dat. sing. ; trochus, dat. 
sing. ; puer, abl. sing. ; Lucifer, acc= sing. ; socer, gen. plur.; 
aper, ace. plur. ; auster, dat. sing.; faber, nom. plur.; liber, 
abl. plur. ; magister, voc. sing. ; onager, dat. plur. ; Teucer, 
abl. sing. ; antrum, ace. sing. ; atrium, nom. plur. ; bcllum, 
ace. plur. ; exemplum, abl. plur. ; negotium, dat. sing. ; saxum, 
gen. plur. ; Tullius, voc. sing. 

Give poema, abl. sing. ; schema, nom. plur. ; stemma, gen. 
plur. ; epigramma, gen. sing. 



8 ETYMOLOGY TERMINATIONS OF NOUNS. 

Ancilc, dat. sing. ; mantllc, abl. sing. ; rete, gen. plur. ; 
ov He, ace. plur. ; aquilo, gen. sing. ; bubo, ace. sing. ; regio, 
ace. plur. ; oratio, nom. plur. ; ratio, gen. plur. ; latro, abl. 
sing. ; — ferrugo, dat. sing. ; formido, ace. plur. ; grando, 
gen. sing. ; origo, gen. plur. ; virgo, dat. plur. ; homo, ace. 
sing. ; caro, abl. sing. 

Animal, nom. plur. ; t> igil, ace. sing. ; Titan, dat. sing. ; 
Siren, ace. plur. ; career, dat. plur. ; calcar, abl. sing. ; ^w7- 
vinar, nom. plur. ; — me/, nom. plur. ; — agmen, dat. sing. ; 
crimen, nom. plur. ; carmen, abl. plur. ; gramen, abl. sing. 

Tibicen, ace. sing. ; — mater, nom. plur. ; f rater, abl. 
plur.; accipiter, ace. sing.; — crater, ace, plur.; — /#?*> 
abl. sing. ; hepar, dat. sing. ; cor, nom. plur. ; — efo*r, abl. sing. 

Pietas, ace. sing. ; — mas, abl. plur. 

Ales, gen. sing. ; clades, ace. sing. ; crates, dat. plur. : 
comes, gen. plur. ; ^efes, gen. plur. ; lebes, nom. plur. ; miles, 
ace. plur. ; vulpes, dat. sing. ; pedes, abl. sing. ; seges, abl. 
plur. ; — o&ses, nom. plur. ; heres, ace. sing. ; Ceres, abl. 
sing. ; <2?s, dat. sing. 

Classis, ace. sing.; messis, nom. plur.; ov/s, gen. plur. ; 
pellis, dat. sing. ; mft's, ace. plur. ; sit is, ace. sing. ; Aprilis, 
abl. sing. ; — cinis, dat. sing. ; cuspis, ace. sing. ; sanguis, 
abl. sing. ; fts, nom. plur. ; Qniris, gen. plur. 

ilfos, abl. plur. ; ros, abl. sing. ; arbos, ace. sing. ; dos, ace. 
plur. ; sacerdos, dat. plur. ; — custos, nom. plur. ; 605, ace- 
sing., dat. plur. 

Faielus, nom. plur. ; corpus, abl. sing. ; frigus, dat. plur. ; 
munus, ace. plur. ; nemus, dat. sing. ; vulnus, gen. plur. ; 
tempiis, ace. sing. ; — palus, ace. sing. ; juventus, abl. sing. ; 
virtus, nom. plur.; jws, ace. plur. ; tellus, ace. sing. ; Za«5, 
abl. plur. ; si^s, dat, plur. 

Stirps, abl. sing. ; dens, nom. plur. ; mons, dat. plur. ; cliens, 
gen. plur. ; forceps, ace. sing. ; frons, ace. plur. ; auccps, 
dat. sing. 

Comix, gen. sing. ; conjux, dat. plur. ; cr?/:r, dat. sing. ; 
Zct, ace. plur. ; nutrix, ace. sing. ; jfrttz, abl. plur. ; — apex, 
nom. plur. ; index, abl. sing. ; pontifcx, ace. sing. ; supdlcx, 
ace. sing. ; senex, abl. plur. ; wax, abl. sing. ; nox, gen. plur., 
ace. plur. ; Thrax, gen. plur. 

Cantus, abl. sing. ; currus, gen. sing. ; exercitus, ace. 
plur. ; fiuctus, abl. plur. ; sendtus, dat. sing. ; lacus, dat. plur.; 
verw, abl. sing. ; pecu, abl. plur. ; jides, abl. sing. ; spes, nom. 
plur. ; fades, gen. sing. 



ETYMOLOGY TERMINATIONS OF PRONOUNS. 



ADJECTIVES. 

Give alius, abl. sing, fem., nom. plur. neut, ace. plur. 
masc ; Jidus, gen. plur. masc, ace. plur. fern., abl. plur. ; 
longus, ace. sing, masc., abl. sing, masc, gen. plur. fem., 
ace. plur. neut. ; benignus, voc. sing. masc. ; asper, dat. sing, 
masc, nom. plur. neut., abl. sing. fem. 

Miser, nom. sing, neut., nom. plur. fem. ; ceger, nom. plur. 
masc, ace. sing, fem., dat. sing. neut. ; sacer, gen. plur. fem., 
ace. plur. masc, dat. sing, fem.; alius, nom. sing, neut.; 
solus, gen. sing. ; alter, dat. sing. 

Aldcer, nom. sing. neut. ; teleber, nom. plur. masc ; pa- 
luster, ace. sing. fem. ; saluber, ace plur. neut. ; terrester, 
gen. plur. 

Brevis, ace sing, neut., abl. sing. ; dulcis, nom. plur. 
masc, abl. plur. ; omnis, nom. plur. neut., gen., plur. ; tres, 
gen. plur., ace plur. neut; alitor, dat. sing., ace sing, neut., 
nom. plur. fem. ; felicior, abl. sing., dat. plur., ace plur. 
neut. ; gravior, gen. plur. 

Audax, dat. sing., nom. plur. neut., abl. plur. ; ingens, ace 
sing, neut., ace plur. fem. ; hebes, ace sing. masc. ; dives, 
abl. sing., gen. plur.; deses, nom. plur. masc; bipes, ace 
sing. masc. ; compos, abl. sing. ; cozlebs, abl. sing.; anceps, 
nom. plur. masc, gen. plur.; pauper, gen. plur.; senex, gen. 
plur.; concors, dat. sing.; vetus, gen. plur.; uber, ace plur. 
neut. ; volueer, gen. plur. ; memor, gen. plur. 

What is the root of arctus ? — its comparative ? — its su- 
perlative? What is the root of capax ? — its comparative? 
— - its superlative ? What is the root of clemens ? — its com- 
parative ? — its superlative ? 

Compare miser, saluber, pidcher. 



PRONOUNS. 

Give ego, ace sing., abl. plur.; tu, dat. sing., ace plur.; 
sui, abl. sing., gen. plur. 

Ille, ace sing, neut., gen. plur. fem. ; iste, dat. sing., ace 
plur. fem. ; hie, abl. sing, fem., dat. plur. ; is, dat. sing., dat. 
plur. ; istic, abl. sing. neut. ; idem, ace sing, fem., abl. plur. ; 
ipse, nom. sing, neut., nom. plur. masc ; qui, ace sing, masc, 



10 ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 

acc. plur. neut. : quicujique, abl. sing, fern., dat. plur. ; quis- 
quis, abl. sing, neut., dat. plur. ; quis, acc. sing. neut. ; quis- 
nam, acc. sing. masc. ; nunquis, acc. plur. neut. ; cnjas, acc. 
sing.; siquis, gen. sing., nom. plur. neut.; quisque, nora. 
sing. neut. ; unusquisque, abl. sing. masc. ; quilibet, dat. 
sing. ; quivis, acc. sing. fem. ; quidam, gen. plur. fem. ; mens, 
voc. sing. masc. ; Jioster, dat. sing. neut. 



VERBS. 

What are the personal terminations of the active voice ? 
— of the passive voice ? What are the terminations of the 
second and third roots in the first conjugation? — second 
conjugation ? — third conjugation 1 — fourth conjugation 1 — 
Give the terminations of the parts formed from the first root 
in the first conjugation, active voice — passive voice — in 
the second conj. act. — pass. — in the third conj. act. — 
pass. — in the fourth conj. act. — pass. 

Give the terminations of the parts formed from the second 
root — from the third root. 

The student should be exercised on the terminations of verbs, in 
each conjugation, voice, mood, tense, person, and number, till he can 
give the required termination of any part, and, on the other hand, can 
decide readily where any given form is found. 

Give the principal parts of the following verbs in both 
voices : — 

Laudo, to praise; muto, to change; voco, to call; com- 
pleo, to fill; moveo, to move; terreo, to terrify; duco, to 
lead; mitto, to send; jacio, to throw; nutrio, to nourish; 
punio, to punish ; vestio, to clothe. 

Note. Do is a sign of the present tense, did usually of the perfect, 
but when it denotes continued or customary action, of the imperfect. 
These auxiliaries are used especially in interrogations. 

A sentence may be changed from the declarative to the interrogative 
form, by prefixing an or num, or by annexing the enclitic ne to the first 
word in the clause ; as, audis, thou nearest ; an audis? num audis? or 
audisne? dost thou hear? 

Give the Latin words corresponding to the following Eng- 
lish forms : — 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 11 

ACTIVE VOICE. 

I praise, thou wilt praise, he was praising ; we have praised, 
ye may praise, they had praised. 

I was changing, thou hast changed, he had changed; we 
shall have changed, ye will change, they change. 

I will call, thou mayst call, he would call; we might have 
called, ye call, they had called. 

I have filled, thou shouldst have filled, he will have filled; 
we would have filled, ye fill, they were filling. 

I had moved, thou mightst move, let him move ; we may 
move, ye will have moved, they will move. 

I may terrify, thou wast terrifying, he would have terrified; 
we terrify, ye might terrify, they have terrified. 

I might lead, lead thou, let him lead; we will lead, ye 
had led, they would lead. 

I may have sent, thou wilt have sent, he sends ; we will 
send, send ye, they can send. 

I might have thrown, thou hadst thrown, let him throw; 
we would throw, ye will throw, let them throw. 

I shall have nourished, nourish thou, he was nourishing; 
we nourish, ye were nourishing, they will nourish. 

I punished, thou mayst have punished, he had punished; 
we should have punished, ye punish, they punished. 

I shall clothe, thou shouldst clothe, he clothed ; we have 
clothed, ye will have clothed, they could have clothed. 

I do call, dost thou praise? did he move? do we send? ye 
did terrify, imp., did they punish? 

To praise ; to be about to move ; to have led ; of calling ; 
by sending; to lead, supine. 

§ 162, 14. I. was about to praise, thou mayst be about to 
call, he will be about to lead ; we may have been about to 
throw, ye are about to punish, they would have been about 
to clothe. 

PASSIVE VOICE. 

I am praised, thou wast praised, imp,, he will bs 
praised ; we may be praised, ye had been praised, they 
were praised. 

I was changed, imp., thou shalt be changed, he had 
been chanored ; we would have been changed, ye have 
been changed, they shall be changed. 



12 ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 

I shall be called, thou wilt have been called, he may be 
called ; we would be called, ye are called, they should have 
been called. 

I have been filled, thou wilt be filled, let him be filled ; 
we shall have been filled, ye may be filled, they are filled. 

I had been moved, be thou moved, he will have been 
moved ; we were moved, perf., ye should have been moved, 
they may be moved. 

I may be terrified, thou couldst be terrified, he was terri- 
fied, imp. ; we would be terrified, ye will be terrified, they 
were terrified, perf. 

I might be led, thou wast led, imp., he has been led ; we 
should have been led, be ye led, they had been led. 

I should have been sent, thou art sent, he will be sent ; 
we have been sent, ye might be sent, let them be sent. 

I would have been thrown, thou mayst be thrown, he is 
thrown; we shall be thrown, ye might have been thrown, 
they are thrown. 

I shall have been nourished, be thou nourished, he was 
nourished, imp. ; we might be nourished, ye had been 
nourished, they will be nourished. 

I could be punished, thou art punished, he would have 
been punished ; we shall be punished, ye were punished, 
perf. y they are punished. 

I may have been clothed, thou wilt have been clothed, he 
was clothed, imp. ; we had been clothed, ye can be clothed, 
they might have been clothed. 

Am I called? art thou moved? is he chano-ed ? were we 
led? perf. ; had ye been nourished? have they been pun- 
ished ? 

To be praised, to be about to be moved, to have been led, 
sent or being sent, to be punished, part, in dus. 

§ 162, 15. I ought to be praised, thou deservedst to be 
called, he has deserved to be sent ; we may deserve to be 
praised, ye will have deserved to be punished, they might 
have deserved to be clothed. 

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES. 

They will praise, I am changed, ye call, we are filled, ye 
will have been moved, he leads. 

We are terrified, they send, thou wilt be nourished, ye 
were punished, imp., I throw, they will have been clothed. 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATIONS. 13 

Be thou called, he may change, I have praised, I will fill, 
ye were clothed, perf., be ye filled. 

Let him be praised, I am nourished, thou art clothed, he 
leads, we shall have been nourished, they will change. 

We were sent, imp., they had been terrified, I lead, he 
will be filled, we shall have been clothed, I am led. 

Thou art called, ye might have been nourished, he sends, 
they fill, we might have been led, ye did call, imp. 

We have been clothed, thou wast praised, thou leadest, let 
him be sent, lead ye, they should be punished. 

I may move, they may be filled, he is nourished, thou 
sendest, we shall have led, ye nourish. 

Let them be filled, I did praise, perf., we have been ter- 
rified, be ye clothed, they might have been sent, we shall 
change. 

He would be terrified, I was praising, they have been 
sending, we have been led, ye will be punished, we had 
filled. 

We had been called, ye have changed, thou terrifiest, ye 
are led, we were sending, they had been throwing. 



PART II. 

NOUNS. 
FIRST DECLENSION. 

A hall ; of care ; to a helmet ; an Aula ; cura ; galea ; in- 

island ; O muse ; by a machine. sula,acc.;musa; machma. 

Altars; of doves; for boats; Ara; columba; cym- 

spears ; O nightingales ; with ba ; hasta, ace. ; luscinia ; 

arrows. sagitta. 

An abridgment ; of Midas ; for Epitome ; Midas ; tia- 

a turban ; a comet ; O son of ras ; cometes, ace. ; Pri- 

Priam ; by the north wind. amides ; Boreas. 

SECOND DECLENSION. 

The mind ; of a raven ; for a Animus; corvus; clyp- 

shield ; a sword ; O master; in a eus ; gladius, ace; dom- 

grove. inus; lucus. 
2 



14 



ETYMOLOGY DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 



Numbers ; of rivers ; for gar- 
dens ; clouds ; O swans ; from 
the rocks. 

Of Bacchus ; O boys; a father- 
in-law ; for the evening ; wild 
boars ; by workmen. 

Caves ; by war ; rocks ; for 
examples ; O defence ; of scep- 
tres. 

O Virgil ; of the Greeks ; to 
the gods ; O son ; lyres ; Al- 
pheus. 



Numerus ; fluvius; hor- 
tus ; nimbus, ace. ; cyc- 
nus ; scopulus. 

Liber ; puer ; socer, 
ace; vesper ; aper ; faber. 

Antrum ; bellum ; sax- 
um, ace. ; exemplum ; 
praesidium ; sceptrum. 

Virgilius ; Danaus ; de- 
us ; filius ; barbiton ; Al- 
pheos, ace. 



THIRD DECLENSION. 



Flowers ; of reason ; reeds ; 
with flesh ; for a boat ; O spring. 

Trees ; for a reward ; of the 
mouth ; with the bones ; clouds ; 
peace. 

Of a crown ; for a seat ; pea- 
cocks ; images ; in order ; to 
Apollo. 

To the Anio ; milk ; O consuls ; 
animals ; in a prison ; of honey. 

From the rivers ; showers ; of 
a cup ; corn ; to Jupiter ; with 
strength. 

To the heart ; piety ; males ; by 
sureties ; of a vessel ; of ducks. 

O guests ; of a bird ; from fir- 
trees ; rest ; hostages ; to heirs. 

Of brass ; to Ceres ; O birds ; in 
the dust ; a helmet ; Romans. 

For grandchildren ; honors ; a 
tree ; of keepers ; O the times ; 
with disgrace. 

Anvils ; in safety ; for the coun- 
try ; of a crane ; the earth ; by 
fraud. 

Beams ; in winter ; for the fore- 
head ; of princes ; leaves ; voices. 



Flos ; ratio ; arundo, 
ace. ; caro ; linter ; ver. 

Arbor, ace. ; merces ; 
os ; os : nubes ; pax. 

Diadema ; sedile ; pa- 
vo, ace. ; imago ; ordo ; 
Apollo. 

Anio ; lac, ace. ; con- 
sul ; animal ; career ; mel. 

Flumen ; imber, ace. ; 
crater ; far,p/. ; Jupiter ; 
robur. 

Cor ; pietas, ace; mas ; 
vas ; vas ; anas. 

Hospes ; ales ; abies ; 
quies, ace.; obses ; heres. 

Ms ; Ceres ; avis ; pul- 
vis ; cassis ; Quiris. 

Nepos ; honos ; arbos, 
ace; custos; tempus; ded- 
ecus. 

Incus ; salus ; rus ; 
grus ; tellus, ace. ; fraus. 

Trabs, ace. ; hiems ; 
frons ; princeps ; frons ; 
vox, ace. 



ETYMOLOGY 



ADJECTIVES. 



15 



Of the cuckoo ; the thumb ; for 
an old man ; snows ; in the night ; 
O king. 

The Tiber ; from a seat; in the 
sea ; of birds ; with oxen ; for 
swine. 

Thirst ; a tower ; by force ; in 
the country ; of mountains ; of 
oxen. 

Of a cloak ; a hero ; lamps ; to 
poetry ; O Orpheus ; the air. 



Coccyx; pollex, ace; 
senex ; nix ; nox ; rex. 

Tiberis, ace. ; sedile ; 
mare; avis ; bos; sus. 

Sitis, ace, ; turris, ace. ; 
vis ; rus ; mons ; bos. 

Chlamys ; heros, ace. ; 
lampas, ace. ; poesis ; Or- 
pheus; aer. 



FOURTH DECLENSION. 



Of a song ; for a chariot ; in the 
waves; O grief ; spits; armies. 



Cantus ; currus ; fluc- 
tus ; luctus ; veru, ace. ; 
exercitus. 

Domus ; tribus ; do- 



At home ; for the tribes ; of a 
house; upon the knees ; ice; by mus; genu; gel u, ace. ; 
the senate, senatus 



FIFTH DECLENSION. 

For the common people ; of Plebes ; fides ; dies ; 
faith ; by days ; for things ; hopes ; res ; spes, ace. ; facies. 
faces. 



ADJECTIVES. 



FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 



A good boy ; of faithful friends; 
on a lofty rock ; of avaricious 
men ; for kind mothers ; with a 
full hand. 

A rough beard ; a free voice ; O 
wretched fortune ; of tender grass ; 
with ill health ; sacred temples. 

Another time; no letter; for 



Bonus puer 2 ; fidus 
amicus ; altus rupes 3 ; 
avarus homo 3 ; benignus 
mater 3 ; plenus manus 4 . 

Asper barba 1 ; liber 
vox 3 ; miser fortuna 1 ; 
tener gramen 3 ; aeger val- 
etudo 3 ; sacer templum 2 . 

Alius tempus 3 ,acc; nul- 



16 



ETYMOLOGY PRONOUNS. 



Penelope alone ; of any fountain ; 
to each pole ; other books. 



las litera 1 ; solus Penelo- 
pe 1 ; ullus fons 3 ; uterque 
polus 2 ; alter liber' 2 , 



THIRD DECLENSION. 



Sharp vinegar ; of a cheerful 
mind ; a celebrated monument ; 
in a healthy place ; woody places ; 
by a winged dove. 

In a short time ; cruel tyrants ; 
sweet fields ; O brave breasts ; 
with a heavy burden ; of all men. 



In deeper water ; of a shorter 
life ; a more cruel war ; to sweeter 
fountains ; in happier ages ; with 
many words. 

Daring deeds ; happy men ; to 
the huge Cyclops ; of the cunning 
Ulysses ; dull weapons ; in rich 
fields. 

More capacious cups ; dearest 
friends ; a more cruel mind ; a most 
merciful judge ; with a very loud 
voice ; of a milder punishment. 

A very celebrated event ; in 
very difficult times; most magnifi- 
cent gifts ; in a very high place; 
with better fortune ; a very worth- 
less man. 



Acer acetum 2 ; alacer 
animus 2 ; celeber monu- 
mentum 2 ; saluber lo- 
cus 2 ; silvester locus 2 ; 
volucer columba 1 . 

Brevis tempus 3 ; cru- 
delis tyrannus 2 ; dulcis 
arvum 2 ; fortis pectus 3 ; 
gravis onus 3 ; omnis ho- 
mo 3 . 

Altior aqua 1 ; brevior 
vita 1 ; crudelior bellum 2 ; 
dulcior fons 3 ; felicior 
seciilum 2 ; plus verbum. 2 

Facmus 3 audax, ace. ; 
felix vir 2 ; ingens Cy- 
clops 3 ; solers Ulysses 3 ; 
hebestelum 2 ; dives ager 2 . 

Capaxscyphus 2 ; carus 
amicus, 2 ace. ; crudelis 
animus, 2 ace. ; clemens 
judex 3 ; altusvox 3 ; mitis 
pcena 1 . 

Celeber res 5 ; difficilis 
tempus 3 ; magnificus do- 
num 2 ; superus locus 2 ; 
bonus fortana 1 ; nequam 
homo 3 , 



PRONOUNS. 



Of me ; with thee ; me ; to her- 
itself. 



self; of us ; usci 

ith them 



to 



To him , 
her ; this ; 



wit 



them. 



; of them; 



Ego ; tu ; ego ; sui ; 
ego ; sui, ace. 

Ille ; ille ; iste, fern. ; 
iste ; hie, ncut.; hie, masc. 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 



17 



His ; to them ; with this ; the 
same ; for the same ; of the same. 

Of himself ; of themselves ; to 
whom ; of whom ; whomsoever ; 
what ? 

Some one ; if to any one ; lest 
any ; for each ; of a certain one ; 
my son, 



Is ; is ; istic, masc. ; 
idem, pi. ace. fern. ; idem, 
sing. ; idem, pi. fan. 

Ipse; ipse, fern. ; qui, 
sing. ; qui, pi. j cm. ; qui- 
cunque, sing. masc. ; 
quis? sing. ncut. 

Aliquis, ace. fern. ; si- 
quis ; nequis, sing. ace. 
ncut. ; unusquisque ; qui- 
dam ; meus filius, voc. 



VERBS. 



SUM. 

We are ; ye will be ; thou hast 
been ; they had been ; I shall have 
been ; he was, imp. 

He would be ; they may be ; she 
may have been ; we would have 
been ; be ye ; to be about to be. 

Thou wouldst be ; to profit ; 
thou canst ; I have been able ; I 
may be able ; to have been able. 



Sum. 



Sum. 



Fore ; prosum ; pos- 



FIRST CONJUGATION. 



He accuses; I was building; 
thou hast ploughed ; they had 
condemned ; we shall have wan- 
dered ; ye might have dwelt. 

I may be invited ; thou hast been 
praised ; I shall be freed ; we are 
reconciled ; let them be slain ; to 
be about to be sacrificed. 

He has given; I had tamed; 
thou mightst have helped ; to have 
washed ; they have been killed ; 
we shall have been surrounded. 
2* 



Acciiso ; sedif ico ; aro ; 
damno ; erro ; habito. 



Invito : 
concilio ; 
ico. 



laudo ; libero ; 
macto : sacrif- 



Do; 

vo ; neco 



domo ; juvo ; 
circumdo. 



la- 



18 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 



They have stood ; it thunders ; 
ye may have forbidden ; we had 
drunk ; it may be folded ; thou 
hast been tamed. 

Thou abhorrest ; he was flat- 
tering ; he has despised ; we had 
helped; ye will dislike; they will 
have accompanied. 

I may endeavor; thou wouldst 
blame ; he may have delayed ; we 
might have ruled; rejoice ye ; to 
be about to buy. 



Sto ; tono ; veto ; po- 
to ; plico ; domo. 

Abominor ; adulor ; 
aspernor ; auxilior ; aver- 
sor ; comitor. 

Conor; criminor; cunc- 
tor ; dominor ; lastor ; 
mercor. 



SECOND CONJUGATION. 



I restrained ; thou wast covet- 
ing; he had grieved; we may 
want ; ye might flourish ; they 
may have had. 

I have dared ; thou wilt in- 
crease ; beware thou ; ye will 
have blotted out; ye were favor- 
ing; they will weep. 

I have been taught ; thou hadst 
been moved ; he will be soothed ; 
we shall be held ; ye are admon- 
ished ; they may have been seen. 

It pleased ; it has been lawful ; 
it may be clear ; it would pity ; it 
may have behoved ; it will repent. 

I was fearing; thou hast con- 
fessed; he declared; we may de- 
serve ; ye would pity : they would 
have promised, 



Coerceo ; aveo; doleo ; 
egeo ; floreo ; habeo. 



Audeo ; augeo ; ca- 
veo ; deleo ; faveo ; fleo. 



Doceo ; moveo ; mul- 
ceo ; teneo ; admoneo ; 
video. 

Libet, ?areg. ; licet ; li- 
quet ; miseret ; oportet ; 
pcenitet. 

Vereor : confiteor ; pro- 
fiteor ; mereor ; misere- 
or ; polliceor. 



THIRD CONJUGATION. 



I have driven ; thou nourish- 
est ; he had strangled ; we shall 
drink ; ye will have fallen ; they 
were singing. 



Ago ; alo ; ango ; bi- 
bo ; cado ; cano. 



ETYMOLOGY CONJUGATION OF VERBS. 



19 



I had taken ; thou wast pluck- 
ing ; he has yielded <; we might 
decree ; ye may have girded ; 
they would have shut. 

Shall I consult? dost thou be- 
lieve? could he desire ? have we 
lived? could ye have said? can 
they have learned ? 

Lead thou ; say thou ; do thou ; 
let him feign ; flee ye ; let them 
cast. 

To strike ; to have joined ; to 
be about to hurt ; to be loved ; 
to have been left ; to be about to 
be placed. 

I had been sought; thou hast 
been ruled; he had been loosed; 
we may have been despised ; ye 
will be taken away ; they will 
have been beaten. 

I was led ; thou hast been 
taken ; she might have been sent ; 
thou mayst be destroyed ; they 
had been deceived ; ye may have 
been known. 

I was growing young ; thou hast 
grown old ; he may have fallen 
asleep; we should have become 
silent ; ye will grow rich ; they 
would grow dull. 

I have obtained ; thou mayst 
be angry ; he will have spoken ; 
we should have obtained ; ye may 
have forgotten ; they suffer. 



Capio; carpo; cedo; 
cerno; cingo ; claudo. 



Consulo ? credo? cu- 
pio ? dego ? dico ? dis- 



Duco ; dico ; facio ; 
fingo ; fugio ; jacio. 

Ico ; jungo ; lnedo ; 
diligo ; relinquo ; pono. 



Guaero ; rego ; solvo ; 
sperno ; sustollo ; tun- 
do. 



Duco, imp. ; capio ; 
mitto ; perdo ; fallo,/b«. ; 
cdsnosco. 



Juvenesco ; senesco ; 
obdormisco ; conticesco ; 
ditesco ; hebesco. 



Adipiscor, fern. ; iras- 
cor ; loquor ; nanciscor ; 
obliviscor,jfort. ; patior. 



FOURTH CONJUGATION. 



I was sleeping; thou art mad; 
he had kept ; we will finish ; ye 
will have served ; they have in- 
structed. 

I have drawn ; thou speakest 



Dormio ; insanio ; cus- 
todio ; finio ; servio ; eru- 
dio. 

Haurio ; effutio ; obe- 



20 



ETYMOLOGY IRREGULAR VERBS. 



foolishly ; he may have obeyed ; 
we should have felt ; ye would 
come ; bind ye. 

I have been kept ; thou wast in- 
structed ; he is entangled ; we may 
be crowned ; ye w r ould have been 
bound ; let them be punished. 

I have been flattered ; thou wilt 
assent ; he had tried ; we should 
have begun ; ye would obtain ; 
they may have lied. 



dio ; 
cio. 



sentio ; venio : vm- 



Custodio,y*cm. ; erudio, 
imp. ; impedio ; redimio ; 
vincio ; punio. 

Blandior ; assentior ; 
experior ; ordior ; potior ; 
mentior. 



IRREGULAR VERBS. 



I may wish ; thou hadst wished ; 
he was wishing ; we shall be un- 
willing ; ye are more willing ; to 
have been more willing. 

To bear ; bear thou ; to have 
borne ; to be about to bear ; borne; 
to be borne. 

Made ; about to be made ; to 
have been made : to be about to 
be made ; let them be made ; it had 
been made. 

Going ; of going ; he goes ; I 
was going ; we went ; ye may go. 

I shall hate ; to hate ; we be- 
gan ; ye remember ; they were 
saying; say thou. 



Volo ; volo ; volo ; no- 
lo; malo ; malo. 



Fero. 



Fio. 



Eo. 

Odi ; odi ; ccepi ; 
ini ; aio ; inquam. 



mem- 



SYNTAX. 



21 



SYNTAX. 



PART I* 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE AND VERB. 

<§, 209. A verb agrees with its subject-nominative in 
number and person. 

Note. I and we take the first person of the verb ; thou and you, the 
second person ; all nouns, and the pronouns he, she, it) and they, the 
third person. 



I write. 

Thou admonishest. 

The hour comes, 

We hear. 

Ye see. 

Virtues adorn. 

Thou wast playing. 

The king will rule. 

Death has taken away. 

The moon was shining. 

The bird has been singing. 

The wolf had followed. 

The time may come. 

The hands should labor. 

The enemy should have fought. 

The trees will have grown. 

The mistake will be removed. 

The law is established. 

The money may be received. 

Carthage was destroyed. 

A supplication was decreed. 

An opportunity is waited for. 

The senate has been convened. 

Physicians are deceived. 

I have been disturbed. 

Coscilius would demonstrate. 

Caieta shall be adorned. 



Ego scribo. 
Tu moneo. 
Venio hora. 
Ego audio. 
Tu video* 
Virtus orno. 
Tu ludo. 
Rex rego. 
Mors eripio. 
Fulgeo luna. 
Cano avis. 
Lupus sequor. 
Tempus venio. 
Man us laboro. 
Hostis pugno. 
Arbor cresco. 
Error tollo. 
Lex constituo. 
Pecunia recipio. 
Carthago deleo, a 
Supplicatio decerno, 
Occasio capto. 
Senatus convoco. 
Medicus fallo. 
Ego perturbo. 
Caecilius demonstro. 
Caieta orno. 



1 pcrf. 



22 



SYNTAX. 



■SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE AND VERB. 



The books might be preserved. 

The consuls have disagreed. 

Were the soldiers sleeping? 

Democritus might have laughed. 

The apples will have fallen. 

Let the boys learn. 

Troy would be standing. 

Laws will have been given. 

Treaties may have been broken. 

Men may understand. 

Who has spoken ? 

The gates will be open. 

The leaves had been scattered. 

I should be silent. 

Ye have feared. 

The dogs will pursue. 

The she-goat follows. 

Thymcetes advises. 

The enemies threaten. 

The frogs wander. 

Years glide away. 

Wilt thou confess ? 

We shall die. 

Ye have rejoiced. 

They had promised. 

A shout is heard. 

The stag will be caught. 

A story is told. 

The times are changed. 

Wars were prepared. 

Friends have been found. 

The ship will be sunk. 

The money has been paid. 

The grass is cropped. 

Let industry be praised. 

Be ye advised. 

Let thieves be punished. 

Ye may be trusted. 

Life should be preserved. 

The shout might have been heard. 

The town will have been burned. 



Liber conservo. 
Consul dissideo. 
Dormio-ne miles? 
Democritus rideo. 
Pomum cado. 
Puer disco. 
Troja sto. 
Lex do. 
Fcedus rumpo. 
Homo intelligo. 
duis dico? 
Porta pateo. 
Spargo folium. 
Ego taceo. 
Tu timeo. 
Canis persequor. 
Sequor capella. 
Thymcetes hortor. 
Minor hostis. 
Vagor rana. 
Labor annus. 
An fate or ? 
Morior. 
Laetor. 

Ule polliceor. 
Clamor audio. 
Cervus capto. 
Fabiila narro. 
Tempus muto. 
Bellum paro. a 
Amicus invenio. 
Navis mergo. 
Pecunia solvo. 
Gramen carpo. 
Laudo industria. 
Moneo. 
Punio fur. 
Credo. 
Vita servo. 
Clamor audio. 
Oppidum incendo. 



imp. 



SYNTAX. 



23 



ADJECTIVES. 



<§> 205. Adjectives, adjective pronouns, and parti- 
ciples, agree with their nouns, in gender, number, and 



case. 



Envious age flies. 

A free people desired. 

One disgrace remains. 

That law commands. 

The noblest men have come. 

A great error prevails. 

Icy winter comes. 

The old wood was standing. 

Human counsels have failed. 

The men alone remained. 

The careful husbandman sows. 

Direful wars are prepared. 

Small things increase. 

Dark night comes on. 

All the grove will be green. 

Greater glory may be obtained. 

The bright stars were shining. 

Cultivated fields will flourish. 

Let impious crimes be punished. 

A mournful crowd follows. 

The ancient Romans conquered. 

There is no delay. 

The great pine is agitated. 

The swift stags fly. 

The ripe apple falls. 

Conquered Carthage fell. 

My eyes are deceived. 

The night is cold. 

Delay is not safe. 

Our whole army has been de- 
stroyed. 

Honorable actions will be re- 
warded. 

A destructive war is at hand. 



Fugio invidus setas. 
Liber populus desidero. 
Unus dedecus resto. 
Is lex jubeo. 
Homo nobllis venio. 
Magnus error versor. 
Venio glacialis hiems. 
Silva vetus sto. 
Humanus consilium cado. 
Vir solus permaneo. 
Diligens agricola sero. 
Dirus paro bellum. 
Parvus res cresco. 
Nox ater ingruo. 
Nemus omnis vireo. 
Magnus gloria obtineo. 
Lucidus sidus fulgeo. 
Cultus ager floreo. 
Impius crimen punio. 
Mcestus cohors sequor. 
Vetus Romanus vinco. 
Nullus mora sum. 
Ingens pinus agtto. 
Velox cervus fugio. 
Mitis pomum cado. 
Victus Carthago cado. 
Meus oculus fallo. 
Frigidus nox sum. 
Mora non tutus sum. 
Noster omnis exercitus 

intereo. 
Factum honestus remu- 

nero. 
Bellum exitiosus impen- 

deo. 



24 



SYNTAX. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. 

$ 229. The object of an active verb is put in the 
accusative. 



Benefits procure friends. 

Dido founded Carthage. 

Autumn pours forth fruits. 

The anchor holds the ship. 

The earth produces flowers. 

Scipio destroyed Carthage. 

The king had drawn out the forces. 

Hast thou a son ? 

Care follows money. 

Neptune shook the earth. 

He made a law. 

Hope cheers the husbandmen. 

I follow thee. 

Rage furnishes arms. 

Idleness consumes the body. 

The mother produces a letter. 

The wind drives the clouds. 

Aurora restores the day. 

I Jiave lost a day. 

The bee loves flowers. 

The sirens invite Ulysses. 

The sailor ploughs the sea. 

Alexander routed Darius. 

Overcome anger. 

Hope gives strength. 

Truth does not offend me. 

You will easily avoid hatred. 

We are leaving our pleasant fields. 

Romulus founded Rome. 

Numa waged no war. 

I have read your letters. 

Sincere faith unites true friends. 

Cyrus founded the Persian empire. 

Virtue bestows tranquillity. 



Beneficium paro amicus. 

Dido condo Carthago. 

Autumnus frux effundo. 

Teneo ancora navis. 

Terra pario flos. 

Scipio deleo Carthago. 

Rex educo copioe. 

Habeo-ne Alius? 

Cura sequor pecunia. 

Neptunus terra percutio. 

Lex fero. 

Spes alo agricola. 

Tu sequor. 

Furor arm a ministro. 

Consumo inertia corpus. 

Mater epistola profero. 

Ventus ago nubes. 

Aurora dies reduco. 

Dies perdo. 

Flos amo apis. 

Siren Ulysses invito. 

Nauta seco mare. 

Alexander Darius fugo. 

Vinco ira. 

Spes do vis. 

Non ego orTendo Veritas. 

Odium facile vito. 

Linquo dulcis arvum. 

Romulus Roma condo. 

Numagero nullus bellum. 

Lego tuus litera. 

Sincerus fides jungo ve- 
rus amicus. 

Cyrus fnndo PersTeus im- 
perium. 

Virtus largior tranquil- 
lit as. 



SYNTAX. 



25 



PREDICATE-NOMINATIVE. 



§ 210. A noun in the predicate, after a verb neuter 
or passive, is put in the same case as the subject, when 
it denotes the same person or thing. See also R. I. 



Indolence is a vice. 

Anger is a short madness. 

I am not a shepherd. 

Men are mortal. 

Death is certain. 

Caesar was accounted great. 

Thou art a judge. 

We are not ignorant. 

Cicero was esteemed eloquent. 

The soldiers sleep secure. 

You will become a poet. 

Varro was esteemed a learned man. 

Aristides was called just. 

The soul is immortal. 

Avarice is a vice. 

Life is short. 

Virtue is its own reward. 

I have been your friend. 

Hunger is the best cook. 

I was your leader. 

The tree has been a twig. 

Catiline was brave, but (his) cause 

was unjust. 
Experience is the best master. 

A true friend is a great treasure. 

A poem is a speaking picture. 

A picture is a silent poem. 

Virtue is the best nobility. 

Beauty is a frail possession. 

3 



Inertia sum vitium. 
Ira furor brevis sum. 
Non ego sum pastor. 
Homo sum mortalis. 
Mors sum certus. 
Caesar magnus habeo. 
Sum judex. 
Non sum ignarus. 
Cicero habeo disertus. 
Miles dormio securus. 
Tu fio poeta. 
Varro existimo doctusvir. 
Aristides voco Justus. 
Anima sum immortalis. 
Avaritia sum vitium. 
Vita sum brevis. 
Virtus sum suus merces. 
Tuus amicus sum. 
Fames sum bonus coquus. 
Dux ego vester sum. 
Arbor virga sum. 
Catilina sum fortis, sed 

causa sum injustus. 
Experientia sum bonus 

magister. 
Amicus verus thesaurus 

sum magnus. 
Poema sum loquens pic- 

tura. 
Pictura sum mutus po- 
ema. 
Virtus sum bonus no- 

bilitas. 
Forma bonum fragilis 

sum. 



2G 



SYNTAX. 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



<§> 211. A noun which limits the meaning of another 
noun, denoting a different person or thing, is put in the 
genitive. 



The love of money increases. 

Necessity is the mother of arts. 

Scipio routed the forces of Han- 
nibal. 

The sun is the light of the world. 

He received the fruit of his virtue. 

Observe the boldness of the man. 

Sleep is the image of death. 

Helen was the cause of the Trojan 
war. 

Croesus was king of the Lydians. 

The memory of past evils is pleas- 
ant. 

The course of life is short, (that) 
of glory eternal. 

The love of country prevailed. 

The infirmity of nature is blamed. 

Pan is a god of Arcadia. 

Juno was the wife of Jupiter. 

The horns of the moon decrease. 

The dog follows the tracks of the 
hare. 

The soldier fears the arrows of 
the enemy. 

Codrus was the last king of the 
Athenians. 

Semiramis was the wife of Ninus. 

Neptune is the god of the waters. 
Honor is the reward of virtue. 
Penelope was the wife of Ulysses. 

a per/. b imp. 



Cresco amor nummus. 

Mater ars sum necessitas. 

Scipio fundo Annibal co- 
pies. 

Sol sum lux mundus. 

Virtus is fructus capio. 

Video homo audacia. 

Somnus imago mors sum. 

Helena causa sum" bel- 
lum Trojanus. 

Rex Lydus Croesus sum. 

Jucundus sum memoria 
praetentus malum. 

Vita brevis sum cursus, 
gloria sempiternus. 

Amor patria vinco. 

Natura infirmitas accuso. 

Pan Deus Arcadia sum. 

Juno JupTter conjux sum. 

Cornu luna decresco. 

Canis lepus vestigium se- 
quor. 

Miles timeo sagitta hostis. 

Codrus sum rex ulterior 
Atheniensis. 

Semiramis sum Ninus ux- 
or. 

Neptunus sum numen 
aqua. 

Honos sum pra3mium vir- 
tus. 

Penelope conjux Ulysses 
sum 6 . 



SYNTAX. 



27 



DATIVE AFTER VERBS. 



<§> 222. A noun limiting the meaning of a verb, is 
put in the dative, to denote the object or end, to or for 
which any thing is, or is done. 



Piso brought assistance to (his) 
brother. 

I give thanks to you. 

The body is restored to the earth. 

Applause was given to you. 

I will give (my) fears to the winds. 

They favored the undertakings of 
Catiline. 

They do good neither to them- 
selves nor to any other. 

L. Otho restored to the equestrian 
order (their) dignity. 

I do not envy the fortune of any 
citizen. 

Tell me the truth. 

The grass returns to the plains. 

Fortune gives too much to many, 
enough to none. 

The enemy surrendered them- 
selves to Caesar. 

Pardon not your own faults. 

You may pardon the faults of 
others. 

Let us not open (our) ears to flat- 
terers. 

Paris gave the apple to Venus. 

Juno had offered him cities, 

Minerva had promised him wis- 
dom. 

You sow for yourself, you reap 
for yourself. 

Vulcan made arms for Achilles. 



Piso frater auxilium fero. 

Ago tu gratia. 
Reddo terra corpus. 
Do tu plausus. 
Metus trado ventus. 
Catilina incceptum faveo. 

Nee sui nee alter prosum. 

L. Otho equestris ordo 
restituo digmtas. 

Haud invideo fortuna ul- 
lus civis. 

Dico a ego verum. 

Redeo gramen 6 campus. 

Fortuna multus do nimis, 
satis nullus. 

Hostis 6 sui Caesar trado. 

Tuus culpa ne ignosco. 
Alius culpa ignosco. 

Ne patefacio auris adu- 
lator. 

Paris Venus do pomum. 

Juno is urbs oflero. 

Minerva is sapientia pro- 
mitto. 

Tu sero, tu meto. 

Arm a facio Vulcanus A- 
chilles. 



* § 162, 4. h pi. 



23 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 



$ 235. (1.) Twenty-six prepositions are followed 
by the accusative. 



Ariovistus sends ambassadors to 

Caesar. 
Roses shine among the lilies. 
Few come to old age. 
He waited at the sea below the 

town. 
The slaves were in the power of 

the prosecutor. 
Your good-will toward me, and 

mine toward you, are equal. 
There is a grove near the river. 
They divided the captives among 

themselves. 
The plebeians encamped near the 

bank of the Anio. 
The spear passes through both 

(his) temples. 
Vulcan possessed the islands near 

Sicily. 
King Gentius was led (captive) 

before the chariot of Anicius. 
Behind me was iEgina, before 

(me) Megara, 
(The temple of) Janus was twice 

shut after the reign of Numa. 
The hands of Vitellius were bound 

behind his back. 
To live according to nature is the 

chief good. 
I hid the gold behind the altar. 

Ariovistus led his forces past the 
camp of Caesar. 



Ariovistus legatus ad Cae- 
sar mitto. 

Rosa fulgeo inter lilium. 

Paucus venio ad senectus. 

Expecto ad mare infra 
oppidum. 

Servus penes accusator 
sum, 

Tuus voluntas erga ego, 
et meus erga tu sum par. 

Sum lucus prope amnis. 

Divido inter sui captlvus. 

Plebs prope ripa Anio 
consido. 

Eo hasta per tempus uter- 
que a . 

Vulcanus teneo insula 
propter Sicilia. 

Ante Anicius currus duco 
Gentius rex. 

Post ego sum iEgina, 
ante Megara. 

Janus 6 bis post Numa 
regnum claudo. 

Vinco pone tergum Vi- 
tellius manus. 

Finis bonum c sum se- 
cundum natura vivo. 

Secundum ara aurum ab- 
seondo. 

Ariovistus praeter castra 
Caesar suuscopia trans- 
diico. 



; sing. * nom. r gen. pL 



SYNTAX. 



29 



JJY AND SUB. 



§ 235. (2.) In and sub, denoting tendency, are fol- 
lowed by the accusative ; denoting situation, they are 
followed by the ablative. 



AH Italy calls me back into my 

country. 
An incredible multitude came to- 
gether into the Capitol. 
I have a letter in (my) hands. 
The kingdom was in the power 

of the enemy. 
The army of L. Cassius was sent 

under the yoke. 
War is concealed under the name 

of peace. 
The kingdom is in the power of 

the enemy. 
Many and weighty thoughts are 

in my mind. 
The poison flows into all parts of 

the body. 
He terminated a very great war 

in Africa. 
I now say nothing against that 

man. 
He fought in battle hand to hand. 
A slave of Clodius was seized in 

the temple of Castor. 
He endeavored to make an attack 

upon the province of Brutus. 
I rest the whole cause in your 

clemency. 
Obstinacy in very small matters 

is blamed. 
There are many (things) in our 

customs derived from the Py- 
thagoreans. 
He prepared a master and tyrant 

for our children. 
3* 



Italia cunctus ego in pa- 

tria revoco. 
Multitudo incredibilis in 

Capitolium convenio. 
In manus epistola teneo. 
Regnum sum in potestas 

hostis. 
L. Cassius exercitus sub 

jugum mitto. 
Sub nomen pax bellum 

lateo. 
Regnum sum in hostis 

potestas. 
Cogitatio multus et gravis, 

sum in animus meus. 
Venenum in pars omnia 

corpus permano. 
Bellum magnus in Africa 

conficio. 
Jam nihil dico in homo 

iste. 
In acies cominus pugno. 
Servus Clodius in Castor 

templum comprehendo, 
Conor impetus facio in 

Brutus provincia. 
Causa totus in humanitas 

vester repono. 
Pertinacitas in res parvus 

reprehendo. 
Multus sum in institutum 

noster a Pythagoreus 

ductus. 
In noster liberi dominus 

et tyrannus comparo. 



30 



SYNTAX. 



ABLATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 

§ 241. Eleven prepositions are followed by the ab- 
lative. 



Learn from me. 

He spoke concerning the nature 
of the war. 

They took up arms for the com- 
mon safety. 

They undertook the business with- 
out any deiay. 

Think of yourselves and (your) 
children. 

He shall call (them) Romans from 
his own name. 

One part commences at the river 
Rhone. 

He spoke with a low voice. 

As a field without culture, so is 
the mind without learning. 

I have received a consolatory 

letter from Caesar. 
Alcibiades was brought up in the 

house of Pericles, (and) in- 
structed by Socrates. 
He went out of the camp. 
The arrow was driven up to (its) 

feathers. 
The water rises up to (his) waist. 
I had the most learned men daily 

with me. 
Salute Cicero in my name 6 . 
We are ready to refute without 

obstinacy, and to be refuted 

without anger. 
Men could scarcely keep their 

hands from you. 



Cognosco ex ego. 

De natura bellum dico. 

Arm a pro salus commu- 
nis capio. 

Negotium sine ullus mora 
suscipio. 

Cogito de tu et liberi. 

Romanus suus de noroen 

dico. 
Unus pars initium capio 

a flumen Rhodanus". 
Cum vox suppressus dico. 
Ut ager sine cultura, sic 

sine doctrina animus 

sum. 
A Caesar literae accipio 

consolatorius. 
Alcibiades ediico in do- 

raus Pericles, erudio a 

Socrates. 
E castra exeo. 
Sagitta ago penna tenus. 

Aqua surgo pubes tenus. 
Quotidie ego-cum habeo 

homo doctus. 
A ego salus dico Cicero. 
Refello sine pertinacia, 

et refello sine iracun- 

dia paro. 
Manus a tu homo vix ab- 

stineo possum. 



§ 204. b lit. from me. 



SYNTAX. 



31 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &c. 

§ 247* Nouns denoting the cause, manner, means, 
and instrument, after adjectives and verbs, are put in 
the ablative without a preposition. 



The moon shines with a borrowed 

light. 
They seek safety by flight. 
He was beaten with rods. 
We live by hope. 
Neptune struck the earth with his 

trident. 
I will speak with a very loud voice. 
He quieted the voice of the people 

by his authority. 
Old age comes with silent foot. 
Affected with a severe disease, he 

died. 
His mind is disturbed by sudden 

grief 
Thou failest by imprudence. 
They drive our (men) from the 

rampart with slings, arrows, and 

stones. 
The poets have introduced the 

gods both inflamed with anger 

and raging with passion. 
Red with the blood of citizens, 

he thought of nothing but the 

ruin of the state. 
He had overcome (his) enemies 

by a show of clemency. 
He suffers all the injuries of war 

with a patient mind. 
Are we able to surpass Plato in 

eloquence? 
The king's ambassador openly 

opposes us with money. 
The seas, when agitated by the 



wind, 



grow warm. 



Luna luceo alienus lux. 

Fuga salus peto. 

Csedo virga. 

Spes vivo. 

Neptunus tridens suus 

terra percutio. 
Dico vox clarus. 
Auctoritas suus vox pop- 

iilus sedo. 
Pes tacitus venio senectus. 
AfFectus gravis morbus, 

pereo. 
Mens subitus dolor turbo. 

Tu imprudentia labor. 
Funda, sagitta, lapis, nos- 
ter de vallum deturbo. 

Poeta et ira inflammatus 
et libido furens induco 
deus. 

Cruentus sanguis civis, 
nihil nisi de respublica 
pernicies cogito. 

Adversarius species de- 
mentia vinco. 

Injuria omnis bellum ani- 
mus aequus patior. 

Plato eloquentia supero 
possum ? 

Rex legatus pecunia ego 
aperte oppugno. 

Mare ventus agitatus te- 
pesco. 



32 



SYNTAX. 



INFINITIVE MOOD. 



§ 239. The subject of the infinitive mood is put in 
the accusative. 

^ 270. The infinitive, either with or without a sub- 
ject-accusative, may depend upon a verb. 



1. We know that the sun is the 
light of the world. 

Terence says that complaisance 

begets friends. 
The Pythagoreans believed that 

souls migrated from one animal 

to another. 
They report that a day had passed 

without the sun. 
Zeuxis said that he wished to 

draw a picture of Helen. 
Caesar commanded the soldiers to 

depart from the town. 

2. I desire to see you. 
Dare to despise riches. 

I was able to touch the branches. 
T cannot understand. 
Alexander wished to be feared. 
He longs to relate the dangers. 
They have endeavored to renew 

the war. 
Virtue cannot be lost. 
No man can be happy without 

virtue. 
You seem to entertain some hope. 

Themistocles could not take rest. 

Money cannot change nature. 

Paris said that Hector waged 
cruel wars with a bloody hand. 



Scio sol sum lux mundus. 

Terentius dico obsequi- 
um amicus pario. 

Pythagoreus credo anima 
ex unus animal in alter 
discedo. 

Fero dies eo sine sol. 

Zeuxis dico sui volo simu- 
lacrum Helena pingo. 

Caesar miles ex oppidum 
exeo jubeo. 

Tu cupio video. 
Audeo contemno ops. 
Possum contingo ramus. 
Intelligo non possum. 
Alexander metuo volo. 
Gestio narro periculum. 
Conor renovo bellum. 

Virtus amitto non possum. 
Beatus sum sine virtus 

nemo possum. 
Videor habeo spes non- 

nullus. 
Themistocles somnum ca- 

pio non possum. 
Natura mutopecunia nes- 

cio. 
Paris dico Hector ferreus 

bellum sanguineus ma 

nus moveo. 



SYNTAX. 



33 



CONJUNCTIONS. 

<§> 278. Copulative and disjunctive conjunctions, and 
some others, connect words which are in the same con- 
struction. 



You love modesty, goodness, and 

virtue. 
Neither the senate nor the peo- 
ple has any power. 
Wash your hands and sup 
You have the right and the power. 
The sun sets and the mountains 

are darkened. 
It was night and the moon was 

shining. 
Marius and Sulla waged a civil 

war. 
Ulysses was not beautiful, but he 

was eloquent. 
The winds subside and the clouds 

disperse. 
We are leaving the bounds of our 

country and our pleasant fields. 
Riches are now given to none but 

to the rich. 
It is better to receive than to do 

an injury. 
The tongue kills more than the 

sword. 
Two or three friends of the king 

are very rich. 
Man is compounded of body and 

soul. 
Neither embroidered purple nor 

the sceptre of Priam moved 

him. 
Neither a tongue nor a hand was 

wanting to (his) purpose. 
He adds a fleet and an army. 

a imp. b pi. 



Diligo pudor, et bonitas, 

virtusque. 
Nee senatus nee populus 

ullus vis habeo. 
Lavo man us tuus et cceno. 
Habeo jus et potestas. 
Sol ruo et mons umbro. 

Nox sum et fulgeo luna, 

Marius et Sulla civilis 

bellum gero. 
Non formosus sura 8 , sed 

sum facundus Ulysses. 
Concldo ventus fugi6que 

nubes. 
Ego patria finis et dulcis 

linquo arvum. 
Do opes nullus 6 nunc nisi 

dives. 
Accipio praestat quam fa- 

cio injuria. 
Multus lingua neco quam 

gladius. 
Amicus rex duo tresve 

perdives sum. 
Homo comp6no c ex cor- 
pus et anima. 
Nee pictus purpura nee 

sceptrum Priamus ille 

moveo. 
Nee lingua nee manus 

desum consilium. 
Classis et exercitus ad 

jungo. 

• P er f- 



34 



SYNTAX. 



§204. 



PART II. 



APPOSITION. 

$ 204. A noun, annexed to another noun, or to a 
pronoun, and denoting the same person or thing, is put 
in the same case. 



Tigr vanes, the Armenian king, 
received Mithridates in (his) fear 
and flight. 

Hannibal took by force Sagun- 
tum, an allied city. 

The sacred mount is beyond 
the river Anio. 

Otho, a brave man, (and) my 
friend, restored dignity to the 
equestrian order. 

We have sent a consul, a very 
brave man, with an army. 

Philosophy, the mother of all 
the arts, is the invention of the 
gods. 

How often have you endeav- 
ored to kill me (while) consul ? 

Brutus, the illustrious founder 
of your family", freed (his) coun- 
try. 

Romulus built the city (of) 
Rome. 

The mountain Cavennes ob- 
structed (his) passage with a very 
deep snow. 

Let us consider nothing evil c , 
which is appointed either by the 
immortal gods, or by nature, the 
parent of "all. 

I am very intimate with Fabi- 
us, a most excellent and learned 
man. 



Mithridates in timor ac 
fug a Tigr tines, rex Ar- 
menius, excipio. 

Hannibal Saguntum, 
feeder titus civitas, vis ex- 
pugno. 

Mons sacer trans Anio 
amnis sum. 

Otho, vir fortis, meus 
necessarius, equestris or- 
do restituo dignitas. 

Consul mitto, vir for- 
tis cum exercitus. 

JPhilosojphia, omnis 
mater ars, sum inventum 
deus. 

Quoties tu ego consul 
interficio conor ? 

Brutus patria libero, 
praeclarus auctor nobili- 
tas tuus. 

Romulus condo urbs 
Roma. 

Mons Cabenna altus 
nix iter impedio 6 . 

Nihil in malum, du- 
co d , qui vel a deus im- 
mortalis, vel a natiira, 
parens omnis, constituo. 

JFabius, vir bonus et 
homo doctus, familiariter 
utor. 



§ 204. 



APPOSITION. 



35 



I heard this from P. Vedius, a 
great knave, but yet an intimate 
friend of Pompey. 

I cannot blame that in you, 
which I approved in myself, both 
as praetor and consul. 

I rescued this city, the habita- 
tion of us all, the bulwark of 
kings and foreign nations, the 
seat of the empire, by the punish- 
ment of five mad and abandoned 
persons. 

R. 1. C. Junius (when) dicta- 
tor, dedicated the temple of 
Health, which he vowed (when) 
consul, and founded (when) cen- 
sor. 

R. 2. Philosophy was the in- 
ventress of laws, (and) the in- 
structress in morals and educa- 
tion. 

R. 3. The Gauls ascended in- 
to the Capitol (with) so much 
silence, that they did not dis- 
turb even the dogs, a watchful 
animal in respect to nocturnal 
noises. 

R. 4. (We,) the Roman youth, 
declare this war against you. 

Let (us) senators collect to- 
morrow into a public stock all 
the gold, silver, and stamped cop- 
per. 

R. 5. Two very powerful cit- 
ies, Carthage andNumantia, were 
destroyed by the same Scipio. 

R. 6. Dicaearchus, having enu- 
merated other causes, (as) inunda- 
tions, pestilence, and devastation, 
then computes how many more 
men have been destroyed by the 
violence of men, that is, by wars 



Hie ego ex P. Vedius, 
magnus nebulo, sed Pom- 
peius familidris , audio. 

Non possum is in tu 
reprehendo, qui in ego 
ipse, et prcetor, et consul 
probo. 

Ego urbs hie, secies 
omnis ego, arx rex ac na- 
tio exterus, domicilium 
imperium, quinque homo 
amens ac perditus poena 
redimo. 

C. Junius aedis Sal us, 
qui consul voveo, censor 
loco, dictator dedico. 



Pliilosophia inventrix 
lex, magistramos 6 , et dis- 
ciplina sum. 

Gallustantus silentium 
in Capitol ium evado, ut 
ne cams quidem, sollici- 
tus animal ad nocturnus 
strepitus, excito-^. 

Hie tu' juventus Ro- 
manus indico bellum. 

Aurum, argentum, aes 
signatus omnis A senator 
crastinus dies in publi- 
cum confero*. 

Duo urbs potens, Car- 
thago atque Numantia, 
ab idem Scipio deleo. 

Dicaearchus, collectus 
ceterus causa 3 , eluvio, 
pestilentia, et vastitas, 
deinde comparo, quan- 
tus fc multus deleo homo 
homo impetus, is sum, 



36 



APPOSITION. 



204. 



or seditions, than by every other 
calamity. 

R. 8. There are two Roscii, 
of whom the surname of one is 
Capito. 

Attus Clausus, who afterwards 
had the name of Appius Claudi- 
us, fled from Regillum to Rome. 

The decemvirs published the 
laws, which have the names of 
the twelve tables, engraved upon 
brass. 

R. 10. Cnseus and Publius 
Scipio seem to me to have been 
fortunate. 

All being condemned, perished, 
one by one accident, another by 
another. 

R. 11. Tell me, wife of Xeno- 
phon, whether, if your neighbor 
has a better gold ring than you 
have, you would prefer hers or 
your own? — " Hers," she replied. 
— What if she has a dress or oth- 
er female decoration of greater 
value than you have, would you 
prefer hers or yours ? — " Hers," 
she replied. 

Clitipho has gone. Q,. Alone ? 
A. Alone. 

Q. Who is at the door ? A. I. 

Q. Whose (servant) are you ? 
A. Amphitruo's. 



bellum aut seditio, quam 
omnis rellquus calamitas. 

Duo sum Roscius, qui 
alter Capito cognomen 
sum. 

Attus Clausus, tempos- 
tea Appius Claudius sum 
nomen, ab Regillum Ro- 
ma 1 transfugio. 

Decemvir lex, qui tabu- 
la duodecim sum nomen, 
in aes incisus, in publi- 
cum propono. 

Ego Cnams et Publius 
Scipio™ fortunatus vid- 
eo. 

Damnatus omnis , alms 
alius 71 casus pereo 1 '. 

Dico ego, Xenophon 
uxor, si vicinatuus bonus 
habeo aurum, quam tu 
habeo, utrum ilk, antuus 
maIo p/ ? " llle" inquam. 
Quis? si vestis, et cete- 
rus ornamentum mulie- 
bris pretium magnus ha- 
beo, quam tu habeo, tuus- 
ne an ille malo ? " Ille" 
respondeo. 

Abeo 9 Clitipho. Q. So- 
lus ? A. Solus. 

Q. Quis ad foris m 
sum ? A. Ego. 

d. Quis sum 1 A. 
Amphitruo. 



a lit. nobility. h imp. 
f § 262. * sing. § 224. 
* §256, R. 16. i §237. 
R. 2. p prcs. * § 176. 



c lit. among evils. d § 260. R. 6. e gen. 

§ 205, R. 2, Exc. * §'260, R. 6. J § 257. 

m pi. n § 207, R. 32. ° subj. § 261 , 2, & 



§204. apposition. 37 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Darius, king of the Persians, made* war upon the Scythi- 
ans 6 . Philo, the head of the Academy, fled d from home' in 
the Mithridatic war 7 , and came to Rome^. Nero was com- 
mitted 71 , for the purpose of* instruction^', to Seneca, even 
then a senator. From that day the north k winds prevailed 7 . 
If you wish to remove 771 avarice, luxury, its mother, must be 
removed". Solon said that the administration of govern- 
ment is comprised 7 " (in) two things 9 , rewards r and punish- 
ments 1 ' . Cato, (when) an old man, began 8 to write history. 
Experience 1 , an excellent" instructor 13 , has taught me this 1 *. 
Nature has given to man hands (as) assistants 1 in many 
arts y . Ambassadors from Ptolemy and Cleopatra, kings of 
Egypt, came to Rome. What shall I say concerning memo- 
ry, the storehouse' of all things 1 

a infero. h §224. c princeps. d profugio. e §255, R. I, 
f §253. s §237. h trado. l for the purpose of ', in. J discipllna. 
k Septentrio. l sum. m tollo. n § 274, R. 8. ° administration 
of government, res publica. p contineo. 9 § 249,1. r sing. s instt-r 
tuo. * usus. u egregius. v magister. W/ § 231. ministry, 

y gen. z thesaurus. 

Ennius bore" two burdens, which are reckoned 6 the great- 
est, poverty and old age. Marius was influenced" by cupidity 
and anger, very bad advisers' 1 . The Trojans were wander- 
ing about 6 without fixed habitations 7 , and with them the abo- 
rigines, a savage" race of men. The Germans celebrate (in) 
songs Tuisco and (his) son M annus, the source 11 mid founders 1 
of the nation. By chance, the ancient city Clazomence was 
near. Q,. Csecilius was questor in Sicily after /(was) ques- 
tor 1 . (When) a young man, I devoted* much of (my) time* 
to philosophy. The two ordinary consuls of that year had 
perished" 1 , one 11 by the sword, the other 11 by disease. The 
vultures seen by Romulus, presaged that the city (of) Rome 
would be warlike^. The poet Anacreon q is said to have 
been choked 7 " by the stone 8 of a raisin' ; the senator Fabius, 
by a single 1 * hair" in a draught 1 " of milk, 

a imp. h puto. c grassor, imp. d consultor. e to wander about. 
vagor. / without fixed habitations, sedlbus incertis, g agrestis! 
h orlgo. * conditor. i lit, after me, &c. * tribuo, ' & 212, R. 3, 

4 



38 APPOSITION ADJECTIVES. § 205. 

m sing, placed at the end of the sentence. n alter. ° polliceor. v bel* 
latrix. q § 279, 9. r strangulo. s acinus. * uva passa. u unus, 
* pilum. w haustus. 

It is related" that Pisisiratus b , the tyrant of Athens', 
when a drunken* guest* had said-^ many (things) against him, 
replied^, that he h was not more angry* with him ; than if any 
one had run fc against him* blindfold 771 . The Rutuli, a na- 
tion 71 , for that age and country, flourishing* 7 in riches 9 , pos- 
sessed 7 " Ardea. Drusus is said 5 to have brought back' from 
the province (of) Gaul, the gold formerly given to the Seno- 
nes at the siege' of the Capitol ; and not", as is the common 
report' , wrested* (from them) by Camillus^. Tiberius re- 
joiced that, in~ the island (of) Caprece, the branches of a 
very old aa ilex, now drooping 756 to the earth cc and sickly drf , 
revived 66 at his/^ arrival f*. The sea was given (as) a king- 
dom to Neptune, one /t/l (of the) brothers** of Jupiter. I com- 
mend to you" Cains and Lucius Mummius jj . Metritis, 
(when) seventh tirne fcA consul, died at an advanced age n , in 
his own house 7 " 771 . 

° memoriae proditur. b § 239. c lit. of the Athenians. d ebrius. 
e convlva. / § 263. 5, R. 2. g dico. h § 239. * to be angry, suc- 
censeo. / § 223, R. 2. * incurro. § 266. 3. l § 208. m obligatis ocu- 
lis, § 257. n gens. ° ut in. p praspollens. « § 250. r habeo, 
imp. * trado. r refero. u obsidio. v and not, nee. w common 
report, fama. * extorqueo. y § 248, I. z apud. aa vetus. bh de- 
missus. cc terra. dd languens. ee convalesce // § 208. gg ad- 
ventus. hh alter. u sing. V pi. kk seventh time, septlmum. ll at 
an advanced age, senex. mm § 221 . 1. R. 3, (1.) 



ADJECTIVES. 

§ 205. Adjectives, adjective pronouns, and parti- 
ciples, agree with their nouns in gender, number, and 
case. 

A faithful friend is known in Amicus certus in res 

adversity. in certus cerno. 

Past time never returns. Prateritus tempus nun- 

quam revertor. 

Familiar things easily glide Usitdtus res facile e 

from the memory. memoria dilabor. 

Alexander himself demolished Ipse Alexander Thebae 

Thebes. diruo. 



,205. 



ADJECTIVES. 



39 



I received many letters from 
you, all written with care. 

The best laws, without any ex- 
ception, will be taken away by 
this law. 

Death is shameful in flight, 
glorious in victory. 

In a state, the rights of war are 
most carefully to be observed. 

No forgetfulness will ever blot 
out my remembrance of your fa- 
vors to me. 

R. 1. The city which they call 
Rome, I foolishly supposed (to 
be) like this our (city.) 

R. 2. In a free state, the 
tongue and the mind ought to be 
free. 

Menelaus and Paris, being 
armed, fought for Helen and (her) 
riches. 

(1.) Many sons and daughters 
placed Metelluson the funeral pile. 

Ten free-born (youths,) ten vir- 
gins, all having fathers and moth- 
ers living, (were) chosen for the 
sacrifice. 

(2.) Benefit and injury are con- 
trary to each other. 

He made his intention and en- 
deavors clear to all persons. 

(3.) The king and the royal 
fleet departed at the same time. 

Exc. The safety of all, (their) 
children, (and their) fortunes, are 
very dear to you. 

R. 3. A great part of the men 
were either wounded or killed. 

The slaves conspired to arm 
themselves and seize upon the 
citadel, 



Mult us a tu accipio 
epistola, omnis diligenter 
scriptus. 

Bonus lex hie lex sine 
ullus exceptio tollo. 

In fuga fcedus mors 
sum, in victoria gloriosus. 

In respublica maxime 
conservandus sum jus bel- 
lum. 

Mens iuus erga ego 
meritum memoria nullus 
unquam deleo oblivio. 

Urbs, qui dico Roma, 
puto stultus ego hie nos- 
ter similis. 

In civitas liber, lingua 
mensque liber sum debeo. 

Menelaus et Paris ar- 
matns pugno propter He- 
lena et divitiae. 

Metellus multus jilius 
etjilia in rogus impono. 

Decern ingenuus, de- 
cern virgo, patrimus om- 
nis, matrimusque, ad sac- 
riiicium delectus. 

Inter sui contrarius 
sum benehcium et injuria. 

Perspicuus suus con- 
silium, conatusqae omnis 
facio. 

Rex regiusque classis 
una profectus sum. 

Tu omnis salus, liberi } 
fortuna, sum° carus. 

Magnus pars homo vul- 
ncrdtus aut occisus sum. 

Scrvitium conjuro, ut 
arx armdtus occupo 6 . 



40 



Adjectives. 



§ 205. 



Three thousand two hundred 
of the Samnites were slain. 
Lofty Ilium was consumed. 

Pergamus Was destroyed by the 
sword. 

R. 7. (1.) A clear spring re- 
flects the image of (a person) 
looking into it. 

The avaricious (man) will never 
be satisfied. 

The chaste blush even to speak 
of chastity. 

Old (men) are least subject to 
contagious diseases. 

(2.) I see and approve the bet- 
ter, I pursue the worse. 

Gnats seek for acid (things) 
(but) do not fly to sweet (things.) 

He who has lost (his) credit, 
has lost every (thing.) 

(3.) Postumius, an enemy of his 
father, (and) an old neighbor and 
acquaintance, accuses Murena. 

R. 8. To advance was difficult, 
to retreat hazardous. 

R. 9. What is the matter? 

Fear has more celerity than 
anger. 

R. 10. It (is) astonishing how 
much that availed to the harmony 
of the state. 

R. 11. No artist can by imita- 
tion attain to the skill of nature. 

R. 12. Varro was the most 
learned of the Romans. 

Plato (was) decidedly the most 
learned of all Greece. 

R. 13. I am not surprised that 
Vatinius should despise my law, 
an enemy. 



Samnis casus sum tres 
milk ducenti. 

Altus c crematus c sum 
II ion, 

Excisus c sum Perga* 
mum ferrum. 

Fons perlucidus imago 
intuens red do. 

Avdrus nunquam sum 
contentus. 

Erubesco pudicus eti- 
am loquor de pudicitia. 

Senex mini me sentio 
morbus contagiosus. 

Video bonus* probo- 
que, deterior d sequor. 

Culex acidus peto ; ad 
dulcis non advolo. 

Omnis d perdo, qui 
fides perdo. 

Murena accuso pater- 
nus inimicus, Postumius, 
vetus vicmus ac necessa- 
rius. 

Progredior arduus sum, 
regredior periculosus. 

Quis negotium sum? 

Multus timor quam ira 
celeritas habeo. 

Is mirus quant us pro- 
sum ad concordia civltas. 

Natura sollertia nemo 
opifex consequor possum 
imitor e . 

Varro sum doctus Ro- 
manus. 

Plato totus Grcecia fa- 
cile doctus. 

Non admirorVatinius/ 
quod meus lex contemno, 
homo inimicus. 



§205. 



ADJECTIVES. 



41 



I witnessed your devotedness 
(when) a youth. 

I will be satisfied with our own 
friendship. 

R. 14. Add to this the cool, un- 
failing flow of fountains. 

R. 15. Servilius Rullus first 
served up an entire wild boar at 
a feast. 

That part of the Helvetian 
state, which had inflicted a re- 
markable calamity on the Roman 
people, first suffered punishment. 

L. Philippus approached near- 
est to the two most illustrious 
orators, Crassus and Antony. 

Spain was subdued last of all 
the provinces. 

R. 17. At break of day the top 
of the mountain was occupied by 
Labi en us. 

I have long been desirous of 
visiting Alexandria and other 
parts of Egypt. 

Through the midst of the city 
flows the river Marsyas, celebra- 
ted in the fabulous songs of the 
Greeks. 

R. 18. After (they) entered the 
Roman territory, the consuls ad- 
vance to meet the enemy. 

(They) separated with minds 
mutually irritated. 



Studium tuus, adoles- 
cens, perspicio. 

Contentus sum noster 
ipse amicitia. 

Addo hue fons gdidus 
perennitas. 

SoiTdus aper primus 
in epiilae appono Servilius 
Rullus. 

Qui pars civitas He!- 
vetius insignis calamitaa 
populus Romanus infero, 
isprinccps poena persolvo. 

Duo superus orator, 
Crassus et Antonius, L. 
Philippus propior accedo. 

Hispania posferus onv* 
nis provincia perdomo. 

Primus lux superus 
mons a Labienus teneo r . 

Jam pridern cupio h 
Alexandria, reliquusqwe 
/Egypt us viso. 

Urbs modi us interfluo 
Marsyas amuis, fabulosud 
Grsecus carmen inclytus, 

Postquam in ager Ro- 
manus vmio\ obviamhos* 
tis- 7 consul eo. 

Irritatus utrinque ani- 
mus discedoK 



a sing. b lit. that being armed they would seize. c fern. d pi. 
e § 275, III. R. 4. / § 229. * § 145, II. h § 145, 1. 2. * § 184, & 

/ § 223. 



English to be turned into Latin, 



The drones* are without a sting 6 , as it were imperfect 
bees, and* the slaves 6 of the true bees. The auxiliaries' ot 
the king, embarrassed and confused", because* they had 
4 * 



42 ADJECTIVES. § 205. 

marched' in no order, betake' themselves to flight. Cattle*, 
(when) dispersed 1 , follow the herds of their own species" 1 . 
Jugurtha, by secret 11 paths , gets the start 7 ' of the army of 
Metellus. The ears have properly 7 been placed 7 ' in the 
higher 8 parts of the body 4 , since they ought" to receive* 
sound, which naturally 10 ascends*. A hundred brazen bars* 
close the gates of war. Dionysius used* to harangue 00 from 
a lofty tuiver. In the Alps white bb hares (are found, ) cc for 
which^, during the winter 66 , the ancients -^ believed that 
snow served" s for food /tA . Verres placed tents, composed 11 
of curtains of fine linen 77 , near** the very mouth 11 of the 
harbor. 

a fuens. b aculeus. c velut. d et quasi. e servus. / auxilium. 
* impedio ac perturbo. h quod. * to march, iter facio. i conjicio. 
k pecus, udis. l dispello. m genus. n occultus. ° iter. p to get 
the start, antevenio. q recte. r colloco, § 280, 1. * altus, pos. * pi. 
u debeo, § 263, 5. v percipio. w § 247. * to ascend, sublime feror, 
§266,1. y vectis. z soleo. aa concidnor. bb candidus. cc § 209, 
R. 4. * d § 223. ee hibernis mensibus, § 253. //antlquus. ** § 227, 
R. 3. hh pro eibatu. ** intentus. IS curtains of fine linen, earbaseus 
velum. kk propter. ll introitus. 

Caesar erected , on the extremity 1 of the bridge, a tower* 
of four stories rf , and gave the command 6 of that place f to 
T. Volcatius*. Virgil invokes Ceres and Liber, because* 
their productions 1 are most necessary j for* the service* of 
men. Neither" 1 meat, drink 11 , wakefulness , nor sleep, are 
salutary p for us 5 , without a certain 7 ' limitation*. The wall 
and the gate had been struck 1 by lightning". Neither could 
Pompey bear" an equal, nor Caesar a superior. Nightingales 
lay", in the beginning 1 of spring, at the most 1 ', six eggs. 
The Eunuch was acted 2 twice in a day. Sergestus is carried 
in the great' Centaur. Let an indulgent 00 friend, as is 
just 66 , set off cc my good (qualities) against my faults^*. The 
age in which" Pericles lived frst /f produced ^ at Athens** 
an almost'* perfect orator. 

a constituo. » § 205, R. 17. c § 79, 3. d tabulatum. e to give 
the command, prseficio. / § 224. g § 229. * quod, J fructus. •/ § 126, 
5, (a ) & 127. k ad. ' utilitas. m non before each nominative. 
n humor. ° vigilia. * saluber. q § 222. r quidam. s mensura. 
1 tango. u de ccelo. v fero, hid. imp. w pario. * primus. y at 
the most, cum plunmum. * fern. aa dulcis. bb aequum. cc com- 
penso. dd ft. 7) (2.) ee § 253. // § 205, R. 17. ^ fero. *» § 254. 
ij prope. 



§ 206. RELATIVES. 43 

I begin* to seek 6 not only gratification', but also glory, 
from this pursuit^, since 6 it has been approved by your judg- 
ment, a most grave and learned/ man 8 '. The Samnites said 
that they* had tried* alP (methods, to ascertain) if they 
could support*, by their 1 own™ strength", so great a weight 
of war. Mithridates said ? that he* had taken 5 Cappadocia 
by his own™ power 7 * alone' ' , without the assistance* of any u 
of the soldiers. Do you not think* that my prayers" 1 , (when) 
present™, would have benefited* him 27 , to whom my name, 
(when) absent" 3 , had been an honor* ? (Their) swiftness 
and the country ' ' (being) unknown 5 * to the enemy, de- 
fended^ most* * (of them.) A free state" and a monarch 
are naturally^ hostile ss to each other" 1 " 1 . Do you fear'* 
lest your house, (the house) of so distinguished jj a man and 
citizen, should be deserted* fc 1 

° incipio. h peto. c oblectatio. d studium. * postquam. ^eru- 
ditus. s R. 13, second paragraph. h § 239. ■ experior, § 272. 
JR. 7, (2.) *tolero. l suusmet. m ipse, gen., R. 13. n pi. ° molea. 
p § 280, 1. q capio, §272. r opera. * unus, R. 13. * auxilium. 
u quisquam. • puto. w R. 13. * prosum, § 268, R. 5. y § 223. 
x § 227. aa regio. bh iarnarus. cc tutor, R. 2, (2.) dd plerusque. 
§e civitas. ff § 247. gs inimlcus. hh to each other, inter se. li ve- 
reor. M so distinguished, talis. kk § 262. 



RELATIVES. 

<§> 206. Relatives agree with their antecedents in 
gender and number, but their ease depends on the con- 
struction of the clause to which they belong. 

The hour which has passed Hora, qui praetereo, 

cannot return. non redeo possum. 

Bring thou flowers which the ArTero a flos qui amo 

bee loves. apis. 

Caesar, for the reasons which I Caesar, hie de causa 

have mentioned, determined to qui commemoro, Rhenus 

cross the Rhine. transeo decerno. 

He is rich, whose mind is tran- Dives sum, qui animus 

quil. tranquillus sum. 

The foundation of permanent Fundamentum perpetu- 
fame is justice, without which us fama sum justitia, si- 
there can be nothing praise- ne qui nihil possum sum 
worthy. laudabilis. 



44 



RELATIVES. 



§206. 



The husbandman plants trees, 
whose fruit he himself will never 
see. 

How can it be imagined that 
there is any animal which hates 
itself? 

Who has been found, that 
blamed my consulship, except 
Clodius? 

All (persons) by nature follow 
those (things) which seem good, 
and avoid the contrary. 

Dicsearchus has written three 
books, which are called Lesbi- 
acs. 

There is no nation which we 
can fear. 

The Egyptians consecrated no 
animal, but for some advantage 
which they received from it. 

We are not those to whom 
nothing appears to be true. 

I will explain those things 
which you desire, as well as I can. 

I expect, with the utmost so- 
licitude, the arrival of Menander, 
whom I sent to you. 

Why am I compelled to cen- 
sure the senate, whom I have al- 
ways commended 1 

Ail the reasons which you 
mention are very just. 

The consuls came to that army 
which I had in Apulia. 

(1.) The Helvetians appoint a 
day, on which day all should as- 
semble upon the bank of the 
Rhone. 

Caesar knew that the day was 
near, on which day it was neces- 
sary that corn should be distrib- 
uted to the soldiers. 



Arbos sero agricola, 
qui adspicio fructus ipse 
nunquam. 

Qui possum cogito 
sum aliquis 6 animal, qui 
sui odi c . 

Quis meus consulatus, 
praeter Clodius, qui vitu- 
pero d , invenio. 

Omnis natura is se- 
quor, qui videor bonus, 
fugioque contrarius. 

Dicsearchus tres liber 
scribo, qui Lesbiacus vo- 
co. 

Nullus sum natio, qui 
pertimesco rf . 

iEgyptius nullus bel- 
lua, nisi ob aliquis utiU- 
tas, qui ex is capio e , con- 
secro. 

Non sum is, qui nil 
verus sum videor f . 

Is, qui volo,ut possum 5 ', 
explico. 

Adventus expecto* Me- 
nander, qui ad tu supe- 
rus cura mitto. 

Cur sentitus cogo, qui 
laudo semper, reprehen- 
do? 

Omnis causa, qui com- 
memoro, Justus sum. 

Consul ad is ezercitus, 
qui in Apulia habeo, 
venio. 

Helvetius dies dico, 
qui dies ad ripa Rhoda- 
nus omnis convenio*. 

Caesar intelligo dies 
insto ; , qui dies frumen- 
tum miles metior opor- 
tet c . 



^206. 



fcELATlVlSS. 



45 



(2.) I, who console you, cannot 
(console) myself. 

For the most part, men will- 
ingly believe that which they de- 
sire. 

(3.) The desires which arise 
from nature are easily satisfied 
without any harm. 

Ambigatus, desiring to relieve 
his kingdom from a burdensome 
population, declared that he 
would send his sons to the set- 
tlements which the gods should 
point out by auguries. 

I trust, such are your prudence 
and temperance, that you are in 
good health. 

(I) who, such is my inatten- 
tion, often did not come near you 
for many days, while you were 
here, am now daily distressed be- 
cause I cannot run to you. 

(a.) Most persons require those 
(things) from friends, which they 
do not themselves give. 

He who does not fear death, 
procures for himself a great se- 
curity to a happy life. 

(b.) I have the letters which 
you sent to Nero. 

(4.) (Those) who seem to be 
doing nothing, are often doing 
greater (things) than others. 

(He) who wishes the kernel 
to be (extracted) from the nut, 
cracks the nut. 

(5.) The grove of Hammon has 
a fountain (which) they call the 
water of the sun ; it flows luke- 
warm at day-break, and cold at 
mid-day, when the heat is most 
intense. 



Ego, qui tu confirmo, 
ipse 4 ego non possum. 

Fere libenter homo is, 
qui volo, credo. 

Qui cupiditas a natura 
proficiscor facile expleo 
sine ullus injuria. 

Ambigatus, exonero 
praegravans turba' reg- 
num cupiens, filius mit- 
to sui in qui Deus do c , 
augurium steles ostendo. 

Spero, qui tuus pru- 
dentia et temperantia 
sum, tu valeo". 

Qui, qui meus negli- 
gent a sum, multus saepe 
dies ad tu, cum hie sum, 
non accedo, nunc quo- 
tidie, non sum tu, ad qui 
cursito c , discrucior. 

Plerusque, qui ipse non 
tribuo amicus, hie ab is 
desidero. 

Qui mors non timeo, 
magnus is sui presidium 
ad beatus vita comparo. 

Habeo qui ad Nero 
liter ce mitto. 

Qui nihil ago videor, 
saepe magnus ago quam 
alius. 

Qui e nux nucleus 
sum volo, frango nux. 

Hammon nemus fons 
habeo ; aqua sol voco ; 
sub lux ortus tepidus 
mano, medius dies quum 
vehemens sum calor, 
frigidus fluo. 



46 



RELATIVES. 



§20G. 



(6.) (a.) At this age, which we 
have mentioned, Hannibal went 
with his father into Spain. 

The people whom you know 
being judges. 

(b.) I opened the folds of the 
door in the narrow passage. 

(7.) The Volscians, being beat- 
en in a pitched battle, lost Vol- 
scas, the best city which they had. 

Agamemnon, when he had de- 
voted to Diana the most beautiful 
thing which had been born in his 
kingdom in that year, sacrificed 
Iphigenia. 

P. Volumnius placed in the list 
of proscribed persons L. Julius 
Calidus, the most elegant poet 
whom our age has produced since 
the death of Lucretius and Catul- 
lus. 

(8.) Pausanias was unwilling 
to return to Sparta, and betook 
himself to Colonae, which place is 
in the Troad. 

(9.) The Helvetians are bound- 
ed on one side by the river 
Rhine, which separates the Hel- 
vetian territory from the Germans. 

Caesar determined to advance 
to the Scheldt, which flows into 
the Meuse. 

(10.) The winds had carried me 
from Sicily to Leucopetra, which 
is a promontory of the Rhegian 
territory. 

There is a river in Britain, 
which is called the Thames. 

Caesar came to Gomphi, which 
is a town of Thessaly. 

(11.) A few conspired against 



Hie 9 , qui dico, at as 
Hannibal cum pater in 
Hispania proficiscor. 

Judex 1 , qui nosco r 
populus s . 

Ostium qui in angipor- 
tus sum patefacio foris. •; 

Volsci, acies victus, 
Volscce, civTtas, qui ha- 
beo bonus, perdo. 

Agamemnon, quum de- 
voveo' Diana qui in su- 
us regnum pulcher nas- 
cor ilJe annus p , immolo 
Iphigenia. 

P. Volumnius L. Julius 
Calidus, qui post Lucre- 
tius Catull usque mors 
multo elegans poeta 
noster aetas fero, in pro- 
scriptus numerus refero. 

Pausanias Sparta redeo 
nolo, et Colonce, qui locus 
in ager Troas" sum, se 
confero. 

Helvetius contineo u- 
nus ex pars fiumen Rhe- 
nus, qui v ager Helvetius a 
Germanus divido. 

Caesar zAjlumen Seal- 
dis, qui w influo in Mosa, 
eo constituo. 

Ex Sicilia ego ad Leu- 
copetra, qui w sum prom- 
ontorium ager Rheginus 
ventus defero. 

Fiumen sum in Britan- 
nia, qui w appello Tame- 
sis. 

Caesar Gomphi perve- 
nio, qui" sum oppidum 
Thessalia. 

Conjuro paucus contra 



, 206. 



RELATIVES. 



47 



the republic, concerning which 
(conspiracy) I will speak as truly 
as possible. 

(12.) You are not reading my 
words, who have been banished 
to the Ister. 

(13.) The Lacedaemonians 
killed their king, Agis, (a crime) 
which never before had happened 
among them* 

(14.) In regard to what you 
write, that you wish to know 
what is the state of the republic ; 
there is very great discord. 

(15.) The ambassador of king 
Attalus demanded, that the ships 
and captives, which had been tak- 
en in the naval battle at Chios, 
should be restored. 

(16.) This I will very briefly 
say, that no one was ever so 
shameless, as silently to wish from 
the immortal gods so many and 
so great things as they have be- 
stowed upon Cn. Pompey. 



(17.) Hannibal had not expect- 
ed that so many nations in Italy 
would revolt to him, as revolted 
after the defeat at Cannae. 

The other citizens in a state 
are wont to be such as are the 
leaders. 

Be such, as you would wish to 
be considered. 



respublica, de qui quam 
vere* possum dico. 

Nee mens verbum lego, 
qui submoveo ad Ister. 

Agis rex, Lacedaemo- 
nius, qui nunquam antea 
apud is accido, neco. 

Qui scribo tu volo scio, 
qui sum 3 ' respublica sta- 
tus ; summus dissensio 
sum. 

Attalus rex legatus 
postulo, navis m captivus- 
que, qui w ad Chius na- 
valis proelium eapio, re- 
stituo. 

Hie breviter dico, ne- 
mo 7 " unquam tarn impii- 
dens sum, qui a deus im- 
mortal is tot et tantus res 
tacitus audeo* opto, quot 
et quantus deus immorta- 
lis ad Cn. Pompeius def- 
ero. 

Non spero Hannibal 
fore na ut tot in Italia pop- 
lilus ad sui deficio, quot 
deficio post Cannensis 
clades. 

Qualis in respublica 
princeps sum, talis reli- 
quus soleo sum civis. 

Qualis habeo volo, ta- 
lis sum. 



a 6 162, 4. * § 138, 2, 4tk paragraph. c § 266, 1. <* § 264, 7. 
e § 264, 12. /§ 264,1. *fia. h § 145, II. 3. * § 264, 5. J § 272. 
* § 207, R. 28. ' § 251. m § 239. n § 272. ° ace. * § 253. 
« sing. r § 183, 3, N. & § 162, 7. • § 257, R. 7. ' § 263, 5, R. 2. 
u § 204. v masc. w neut. x § 127, 4th paragraph. * § 265. 
x § 264. aa fore. &c. ; lit. that it would come to pass that, &c. § 268, 
R. 4. 



48 RELATIVES. § 206. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

The Delphic tablet*, which is now 6 in the Palatium, will 
serve as a proof* that the old Greek letters 6 were almost the 
same as f the Latin now are. No animal, which has blood, 
can be without a heart. Sardanapalus was born in the 
thirty-third degree 5 " from Ninus and Scmiramis, who founded 
Babylon. Timoleon, which h is thought' a more difficult 
(thing,) bore prosperous j more wisely than adverse fortune. 
Socrates appears* to me, as h is agreed' among all, to have 
first 771 called off 71 philosophy from hidden things. {He) 
takes away p the greatest ornament of friendship, who takes 
from it (mutual) respect*. The earth never disobeys 7 * com- 
mand' 9 , nor ever restores without usury what she has re- 
ceived'. 

a tabula. * hodie. e § 227, R. 3. d indicium, § 227, R. 2. e § 239. 
f qui, § 207, R. 27, Sd paragraph. g locus. K id quod, (13.) * puto. 
i secundus. k videor. ' constat. "* primus, § 205, R. 15. n avo- 
co, § 242, R. 1. ° occultus. p tollo. 5 verecundia. r recuse 
8 imperium. * accipio. 

The horses, which 0, were drawing Darius, pierced 6 with 
spears, and maddened" with pain d , had begun 6 to shake off 7 
the yoke, and dash~ the king from the chariot 71 . The mem- 
ory of Hortensius was so great' that, without (any thing) 
written J , he would repeat* those (things) which 1 he had med- 
itated 771 with himself, in the same words in which he had 
thought" (them.) Those, whose 1 fathers or ancestors have 
been distinguished* 7 by some (species of) renown 9 , generally ' 
study to excel in the same kind of glory 8 . Let every one 
exercise* himself in the art which 1 he understands". Brute 
animals do not move™ themselves from that place in 
which 1 they were born. Hannibal was doubtful* whether* 
he should pursue (his) march* into Italy, or engage aa with 
the Jirst bb Roman cc army which should offer rfd itself. 

a (3.) b confodio. c efferatus. d dolor. e coepi. / quatio. 
s excutio. h § 242. i tantus. i scriptum. k reddo. l (3.) (a.) 
m commentor. n cogito, § 266, 1. ° majores. p praesto. * gloria. 
T plerumque. * laus. f § 260, R. 6. u nosco. v brute animals, 
bestia, w commoveo. x incertus. y utrum. x to pvrsve a march, 
intendo casptum iter, § 265. aa consero manus. bb § 206, (7.) lit. 
with that army which should first, &c. cc gen. pi. dd § 266, R. 4. 



§ 207. DEMONSTRATIVES. 49 

Thrasybulus, when he had fled" to Phi/le b , which is a very 
strongly fortified c fortress* in Attica, had not more than 
thirty of his (men) with him. Mankind 6 have fenced -^ with 
walis^ their united 71 dwelling-places* , which j we call* cities. 
Do you think* that those"' who are said to divine, can an- 
swer n whether the sun is p larger than 9 the earth, or as large 
as T (it) seems (to be?) What (can be) more miserable than 
this*', that he w who has been* consul-elect' as many" years 
as r he has u (lived,) cannot be chosen 2 " consul? It is (a say- 
ing) of the Stoics*, that no ball" 1 is in all respects 17 such as 
another ball is p . 

a confugio, § 263, 5, R. 2. h § 44 & § 237. c munitus, sup. d cas- 
tellum. e homoj ^. / sepio. g moenia. h conjango. i a dwelling- 
place, domicilium. i (8.) * dico. l censeo. m § 239. n § 272. 
8 whether, ne, joined to the adjective. p §265. q § 256, R. 3. r § 206, 
(16.) s § 256. l elect, designatus. u tot. v habeo. w no. * § 211, 
(6.) y res, § 250. z § 266, 1. 

As many a kinds 5 of orators are found*, as d we have said 
that there are 6 of oratory f . There is, at Syracuse/ a prison, 
made by that most cruel tyrant 7 ', Dionysius, which 1 is called 
the stone-quarries j . When the Carthaginians had heard* 
that Attains and the Romans had departed 7 from Oreum, 
they feared 771 lest they should be surprised" within Rhium, 
that 1 is, the strait of the Corinthian gulf. Pliny affirms 
that this p is even 5 the fairest 7 " part of philosophy, to conduct 9 
public business. Equestrian games having been feigned*, 
the virgins, who had come to the show", became" a prey, and 
this p (was) immediately a cause of war. 

a totidem. b genus. • reperio. d quot. e § 272. / oratio. 
s §254. h § 248, I. l (8.) i Lautumiae. k § 263, 5. l proiicis- 
cor, § 272 & 270, R. 3. m vereor. n oppnmo. ° fauces. p (13,) 
last paragraph. q etiam, T pulcher. * ago. r simulo. u spee- 
taculum. v sum. 



DEMONSTRATIVES. 

<§>207. 

R. 20. We are speaking of Loquor de is amicus, 

such friends as are known in qui nosco vita communis ; 

common life* ; from this number ex hie numerus ego 6 ex- 

our examples must be taken. emplum sumo. 

Darius left, as defenders of this Darius is pons, dum 
5 



50 



DEMONSTRATIVES. 



207. 



bridge in his absence, the princes 
whom he had brought with him 
from Ionia and JEolis. In this 
number was Miltiades. 

The Volsci had prepared aux- 
iliaries to send to the Latins. In- 
censed at this, the consuls led 
(their) legions into the Volscian 
territory. 

Cassi veil annus sent forth his 
charioteers from the woods, and 
engaged with these, to the great 
hazard of our cavalry ; and by 
this fear prevented (them) from 
making wider incursions. 

R. 21. The peevishness of old 
men has some excuse, not, indeed, 
sufficient, but such as seems capa- 
ble of being admitted. 

Your grief (is) indeed natural, 
but (it) ought to be greatly mod- 
erated. 

R. 22. I do not like it, that I 
have hitherto (received) no letter 
from you respecting these things. 

R. 23. Q,. Catulus was learned, 
not according to the ancient, but 
according to our manner. 

The Capitol was built of hewn 
stone ; a work to be admired 
even in the present magnificence 
of the city. 

Julius Tutor and Julius Sabi- 
nus took part (in the conspira- 
cy ;) the former a Trevirian, the 
latter a Lingonian. 

Neither Thracian Orpheus, nor 
Linus, shall excel me in song, al- 
though (his) mother should aid 
the former, and (his) father the 
latter; Calliopea Orpheus, and 
Linus the beautiful Apollo. 



ipse absum', custos rel in- 
quo princeps, qui suicum 
ex Ionia et iEolis duco. 
In hie sum numerus Mil- 
tiades. 

Volsci comparo auxil- 
ium, qui mitto d Latlnus. 
Hie ira , consul in Vol- 
scus ager legio duco. 

Cassivellaunus esseda- 
rius ex silva emitto-^, et 
magnus cum periciilum 
noster eques F cum is con- 
fligo 7 ; atque hie metus 
late vagor prohibeo-^. 

Morositas senex habeo 
aliquis* excusatio*, non 
ille quidem Justus, sed 
qui probo possum videor- 7 '. 

Tuus dolor human us 
is quidem, sed mag nop e- 
re moderandus. 

Ille moleste fero, nihil 
ego adhue hie de res habeo 
tuus liter ce l '. 

Q. Catulus non anti- 
quus ille mos', sed hie 
noster sum eruditus. 

Capitolium saxum m 
quadratus substruo; opus 
vel in hie magnificentia 
urbs conspiciendus. 

Misceo sui Julius Tu- 
tor et Julius Sablnus ; 
hie Trevir, hie Lingon. 

Non ego carmen 71 vin- 
co nee Thracius Orphe- 
us, nee Linus ; hic° mater 
quamvis, atque hie pater 
adsum ; Orpheus Calli- 
opea, Linus formosus 
Apollo. 



§207. 



DEMONSTRATIVES. 



51 



R. 24. The Sidoniaa Antipa- 
ter was wont to utter hexameter 
verses without premeditation. 

The celebrated Medea is said 
to have formerly fled from the 
same Pontus. 

Did you prefer that insignifi- 
cant person to all of us, and to 
Plato himself? 

R. 27. The most remote region 
of heaven (still) remains, which 
is also called the ether. 

Whatever is right, is also use- 
ful. 

Nothing is generous which (is) 
not also just. 

What (is there) excellent, 
(which is) not also difficult ? 

The rule of utility is the same 
as that of virtue. 

As consul, you have shown 
yourself the same that you had 
always been. 

The servants were of the same 
character as (their) master. 

How feeble are the sayings of 
the rhetoricians concerning the 
power of virtue ! Even those 
who assent to them, go away the 
same as they had come. 

Virtue is the same in man as 
in God. 

The Academicians and Peripa- 
tetics were once the same. 

1 placed Tiridates, born of the 
same father as myself, in posses- 
sion of Armenia. 



Antipater Hie Sidonius 
soleo versus hexameter 
fundo ex tempus. 

Ex idem Pontus Me- 
dea Hie quondam profu- 
gio dico. 

Egone omnis, et Plato 
ipse, nescio quis ille an- 
tepono 7 1 

Resto ultimus ccelum 
complexus, qui idem 
sether voco. 

Quisquis honestus sum, 
idem sum utilis. 

Nihil sum liberalis, 
qui non idem Justus. 

Quis praeclarus non 
idem arduus ? 

Idem utilitas, qui ho- 
nestus sum regula. 

Idem existo consul, qui 
sum semper. 

Servus idem mos p 
sum 7 , qui dominus. 

Rhetor dictum quam 
exilis sum de virtus vis ! 
Qui etiam qui assentior 
idem abeo, qui venio. 

Virtus idem in homo 
ac Deus sum. 

Academicus et Peripa- 
tetlcus quondam idem 
sum 7 . 

Tiridates ego, idem 
egocum ? pater r gemtus, 
in possessio Armenia de- 
duco. 



• lit. as common life knmcs. & § 225, III. c § 266,3. <* § 264, 5. 

* § 247. / imp. e pi. h § 138. 2. * § 212, R. 3. * § 260, R. 4. 

* § 212, R. 1. i § 249, II. m § 247. n pi. ° § 224. * § 2n, 
R. 8, (2.) » § 222, R. 7. r § 246. 



52 



INDEFINITES. 



§207. 



INTENSIVES. 

$207. 



R. 28. I want not medicine, I 
console myself. 

He acquired to himself the 
greatest glory. 

He who knows himself will feel 
that he has something in him 
divine. 



Non egeo mediclna", 
ego ipse con sol or. 

Sui ipse pario laus 
magnus. 

Qui sui ipse nosco & , 
aliquis sentio sui habeo 
divinus. 



§ 250, 2. 



145, VI. & § 162, 7. 



272. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I hate a wise (man) who is not wise for himself 'V The 
wise (man,) who neither profits 6 himself c nor others, is wise 
in vain d . Wilt thou, when God has given thee a mind, than 
which e nothing is more excellent f or divine, so debase 1 " 
thyself as ft to think i that there is no difference- 7 ' between 
thee and some 4 quadruped? We have this primary* desire"* 
from nature, that we should preserve 7 ' ourselves . You were 
unwilling to go into (your) province. 

§ 224. d is wise in vain, irrlta pollet sa- 



a § 222. 5 prosum 
pientia, § 250. e § 256. / prrestans. g projicio. h § 262, 
i puto. J nihil interesse. k aliquis. l primus. m appetitio. 
servo, § 262. ° ipse, agreeing with the object, § 133, 2. 



R. 1. 

con- 



INDEFINITES. 



^ 207. 

R. 29. Finally you will ascer- 
tain, whether the Faberii incline 
at all to promote this design of 
mine. Should they have any 6 * 
(such inclination,) it is of great 
service; but if not, let us exert 
ourselves in every way. 



Demque intellxgo, ec- 
quid Faberius inclino" 
ad hie meus consilium 
adjuvo 6 . Si quid sum, 
magnus sum adjumen- 
tum ; sin minus, quicun- 
que ratio contendo. 



§ 207. 



INDEFINITES. 



53 



R. 30. If you are in Epirus, 
send to us some letter-carrier of 
yours. 

These arts, if indeed they avail 
to some purpose, avail to sharpen, 
and, as it were, to stimulate the 
understandings of boys, that they 
may more easily learn greater 
(things.) 

Even a moderate orator fixes 
the attention, provided only there 
be something in him. 

R. 31. In the golden age, no 
one had either a disposition or a 
motive to injury. 

The gods being duly propiti- 
ated, the consuls performed the 
levy more severely and exactly, 
than any one remembered (it) to 
have been performed in former 
years. 

R. 33. I happened to be walk- 
ing along the sacred way, (when) curro quidam, notus ego 
there ran (to meet me) a certain nomen tantum. 
(man,) known to me by name only. 
R. 34. Jupiter is not less afraid 
of evil than any one of you. 



Tu si sum in Epirus, 
mitto ad ego de tuus ali- 
quis tabellarius. 

Tste quidem ars, si mo- 
do aliquis d , valeo ut acuo* 
et tanquam irrito ingeni- 
um puer, quo facile pos- 
sum magnus disco*. 

Teneo auris vel medi5- 
cris orator, sum 7 modo 
aliquis g in is. 

Aureus seciilum* non 
sum quisquam* aut ani- 
mus in injuria aut causa. 

Deus rite placatus, de- 
lectus consul habeo acri- 
ter intentequequam prior 
annus quisquam memlni' 
habeo. 

Eo forte via* sacer ; ac- 



Painters and poets have always 
enjoyed an equal license of at- 
tempting any thing they please. 

R. 35. Every very learned man 
despises the Epicureans. 

The best (men) most regard 
posterity. 

The consul P. Licinius was di- 
rected to appoint the earliest pos- 
sible day for the army to assem- 
ble. 

* § 265. * {> 275, III. R. 3. c lit. 
d § 232, (2.) 



, 275, III. R. 3. 
§ 262. / § 263, 2. 



Jupiter non minus 
quam tu* quivis formldo 
malum. 

Pictor* atque poeta 
quilibct™ audeo n semper 
sum sequus potestas. 

Epicureus doctus quis- 
que contemno. 

Bonus quisque maxtme 
posteritas servio. 

P. Licinius p consul de- 
nuncio 9 , ut exercitus 1 * 
dies 7 * primus quisque di- 
co convenio*. 
if there shall he any (thinar.) 
' 138, 2. a § 253. * § 2§6, 



i § 145, II. & § 183, 3, N. k §254,R.3, 2d paragraph. l § 212.R.2, 

N. 2. 
impers. 



§275,1. n § 275, III. R. 1. ° § 223, R. 2. * dat. 
T fern. s lit. for assembling, § 275, III. R. 3 e 

5* 



1 pass. 



54 INDEFINITES. § 207. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

See how much more odious 5 a tyrant Verres was c to the 
Sicilians'*, than any one of those who preceded 6 ; since they 
ornamented f the temples of the gods, he even took away" 
their' 1 monuments and decorations'. C. Gracchus deserves 
to be read- 7 by youth*-', if any 1 other (deserves it,) for he is 
capable" 1 not only of sharpening 71 , but of nourishing 71 the 
understanding . Virtue has nothing grand 7 " in it 7 , if it has 
any thing venal. Alexander halted 7 " at Babylon 8 longer 2 
than any where" ; nor did any place more injure* military 
discipline™. There is not any one* of any y nation*, who 
may aa not arrive 06 at virtue, having cc nature (as) his guide. 
Would any y city have patience \vith dd the proposer* e of a 
law of this kind-' 7 , that a son or grandson should be con- 
demned" ", if his father or grandfather had done wrong 71 * 1 

• § 256, R. 16. 6 teter. c § 265. * § 222, R. 7, N. e of those 
who preceded, superiorum. / orno, § 263, 5. s sustollo. h repeat 
deorum. * ornamentum. J § 274, R. 8. k § 225, III. l si quis- 
quara. m to be capable, possum. "§271. ° ingenium. p magnificus. 
§ 208. r consisto. s § 254. ' diu, § 194, 6th paragraph. u us- 
quam. v noceo. v § 223, R. 2. x § 138. » § 107. z gens, § 212. 
aa possum. hb pervenio. cc nactus. dd to hare patience with, fero. 
ee lator. ff istius modi. 8S § 262, R. 1. hh to do wrong, delinquo. 

When the morals* of friends are correct 6 , there should 
then be c between them, without any exception, a community 
of all things, plans' 7 (and) wishes. Whom will you show* 
me that sets 7 some' value upon time' 1 ? The gods neglect 
trivial things*, nor descend to- 7 the petty fields 2 ** and vines' 
of individuals 771 ; nor if blight 71 or hail has done injury , in 
some way or other 3 ? , does this require the notice of Jupiter 5 . 
This is the dictate of nature 7 ", that we turn 5 (our) counte- 
nance 1 to the auditors", if we wish" to inform*" them of any 
thing*. Spiders^ weave" a (their) net, that, if any thing hb 
be entangled cc , they may destroy^ it. Is any one ee enraged 
with boys 77 , whose age does not yet*° know the differences 7 ' 7 * 
of things? In proportion as {i any one 1 is more crafty- 7 - 7 and 
subtle 7 "*, the more" (is he) hated 771771 and suspected" 71 , (his) 
reputation 00 for probity*^ being taken away 59 . 

a mos. b emendatus. c § 260, R. 6. d consilium. e do. / pono. 
g § 138, 2. h § 223. • trivial things, minima. f to descend to, per- 
e&quor. * a petty field, agellum. l viticula. m singulus. n uredo. 



§ 207. INDEFINITES. 55 

to do injury, noceo. p in some way or otner, quippiam, § 232, (2.) 
9 to require notice, fyc, anirnadverto, §§ 274, R. 8, & 225, III. r lit. 
is given by nature. s dingo, § 273, 2. * vultus. u § 225, IV. * § 260, 
II. * doceo, § 231. * § 137, 1, (c.) * aranea. aa texo. " § 138, 
2, 4*/i paragraph. co § 145, VI. ' dd § 2l)2. ce num quis. // § 223, 
R. 2. ffS " nondum. /l/l discrime n. ** in proportion as, quo, § 256, 
R. 16. JJ ; versutus. kl: callidus. ".hoc. m m invisus } comp. nn sus- 
pectus. 00 opinio. pp gen, qq detraho. 

It is a dishonorable^ excuse, and by no means 6 to be re- 
ceived , if any one confesses** that he has acted 6 against 
(the good of) the republic, for the sake 7 of a friend. De- 
mosthenes used to say", that he was grieved 71 , if at any time 1 
he was outdone ; by the early* industry of artisans'. Pains 771 
must be taken 71 that there may be° no 9 dissensions' among 
friends 7 ". We must take care 6 ' lest it be said that there was 
in us any 1 conspicuous" fault. Augustus performed" (his) 
journeys in a litter™, and generally in the night*, and that y 
slowly*, (so) that he went/ 1 * to Tibur or Preeneste in two 
days 66 ; and if he could c get r/d to any place" e by sea, he pre- 
ferred to sail 77 . The senate decreed that the consul should 
look to it** that the republic received 7171 no injury". 

• turpis. h by no means, minime. c accipio, § 274, R. 8. d fateor. 
* facio. f causA. s aio, § 145, II. 1. h doleo. ■ if at any time, si 
qiiando, instead of si aliquando. J vinco. k antelucanus. l opifex. 
m opera, sing. n do, § 274, R. 8. ° fio. p that no, ne quis. q dissid- 
ium. r gen. pi. * caveo, § 225, III. R. 1. ' lest any, ne quis. 
u insignis. v facio, § 145, II I. w lectica. x pi. * § 207, R. 26, 
'3d paragraph. z lentus, lit. and those sloio journeys. 3,a procedo, 
§ 145, II. 1. bh bidnum, § 253. cc possum. dd pervenio. ee if to 
any place, si quo. ff to prefer to sail, potius navlgo, § 145, II. 1. 
es to look to it, video. hh capio, § 273, 1. ** that — no injury, ne quid 
detriments 

In Numa Pompilius, in Servius Tullius, in the other kings, 
of whom there are many excellent" (institutions) for estab- 
lishing 6 the state c , does there appear any d trace 6 of elo- 
quence? I saluted Rufius, doing 7 something*, I believe, 
on /l the exchange' of Puteoli 7 ; afterwards I bade him fare- 
well 7 *, when he had asked me whether I had any commands 7 . 
The whole 771 of Sicily undergoes the census 71 every fifth year. 
Thirty-three Attic talents are paid p to Pompey every thirtieth 
day. There is scarcely one (man) in ten 9 in the forum, who 
knows 7 " himself. The deepest 3 streams flow' with the least 
sound. The freshest 8 eggs are best" for hatching". I think" 
it very foolish not to propose the best 8 (things) for imitation*. 



56 possessives. § 207. 

Credulity is an error rather y than a fault, and creeps* most 
readily aft into the minds of the best bb (men.) 

* eximius, § 205, R. 7, (2.) * constituo, § 275, III. R. 3. c res- 
publlcn. d numquis. e vestigium. / ago. e allquis, § 138, 2, 4th 
jjaragraph. h in. * emporium. i lit. of the Puteoldni. k to bid 
farewell, jubeo valere. * whether I had any commands, numquis volo, 
§ 2(35. m tot us. " to undergo the census, censeo, pass. ° § 279, 14. 
v solvo. q one man in ten, declmus quisque. r § 264, 7, 3d, para- 
graph. s lit. each or every deepest, fyc. l labor. u aptus. v excludo, 
1> 275, III. R. 3. w credo. x § 275, III. R. 3. » magis. x irrepo. 
ia facile. bb lit. each best, § 279, 14. 

The Stoics choose" to call 6 every thing* by its own 8 name. 
There are as many* voices in the world/ as* men, and each h 
has his own*. All (things) came* to the mind of Antonius', 
and that* too each 1 in its oivn d place, where they could be of 
most avail™. The Siculi, as soon as ever" they saw diseases 
spreading , from the unhealthiness^ of the place, dropped 
off 7 , each to their neighboring 7 " towns. The multitude of 
Grecian painters is so great, and the merit* of each in his 
own department* (is) so great, that while" we admire" the 
best", we approve" 7 even the inferior^. 

a placet, lit. it is pleasing to the Stoics. h appello. c quisque. 
d its own, suus. e totidem. / orbis. s § 206. (16.) h lit. and to 
each its own. * § 145, II. 1. J § 225, IV. hth paragraph. k § 207, 
R. 26. l § 279, 14. m to be of most avail, plurlmum valere. n as 
soon as ever, ut primum. ° vulgo, § 272, R. 5. p gravitas. q dila- 
bor, § 209, R. 11, (4.) r propinquus. * laus. % genus. u quum. 
• miror. w summus, § 205, R. 7, (2.) * probo. y neut. pL 



POSSESSIVES. 

$207. 

R. 36. My life is as dear to Tarn ego mens vita, 

me, as yours (is) to you. quam tuus tu carus sum. 

Have you so much leisure from Tantusne a res tuus 

your own business, as to take care otium" sum tu 6 , alienus 

of other people's (affairs?) ut euro? 

All the seven wise men of Septem Grcecia sapiens 

Greece, except Thales, the Mile- omnis praster Milesius 

sian, presided over their respective Thales, civitas c suus prae- 

states. sum. 

The maid, who was mine to- Ancilla, mens qui sum 

day, is now free. hodie, suus nunc sum. 



§208. 



REFLEXIVES. 



57 



Theophrastus informs (us) that 
mules breed in Cappadocia, but 
that this animal is there of a pe- 
culiar species. 

Your recollection of us is ex- 
ceedingly grateful to me. 



Theophrastus pario 
mula d in Cappadocia tra- 
do ; sed sum is animal* 
ibi suus genus. 

Gratus ego vehementer 
sum memoria ego tuus. 



§ 212, R. 3. & § 226. c § 224. * § 239. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The uncertainty* of things led 6 Socrates to a confession 
of (his) ignorance. The speech of Scipio is in (our) hands. 
(Those) who have sinned, always imagine^ punishment to be 
hovering 5 before (their) eyes. Cepheus, with (his) wife, 
(his) son-in-law, (and his) daughter, is said 7 to be adorned 
with stars^. 



a obscuritas. 
s stellatus. 



6 adduce c oratio. d puto. e versor. / trado. 



REFLEXIVES. 



§ 208. Sui and suus properly refer to the subject 
of the proposition in which they stand. 



Atticus did not recommend 
himself to (men) in their pros- 
perity a , but always aided (them) 
in their calamity. 

Agesilaus turned himself against 
Phrygia, and ravaged it, before 
Tissaphernes moved himself in any 
direction. 

Eumenes imposed upon the 
prefects of Antigonus, and extri- 
cated himself and all his (men) in 
safety. 

Hannibal perceived that he was 
aimed at, and that life ought not 
any longer to be retained by him. 



Atticus non sui florens 
vendito, sed afflictus sem- 
per succurro. 

Agesilaus in Phrygia 
sui converto, isque prius 
depopulor, quarn Tissa- 
phernes usquam sui mo- 
veo. 

Eumenes proefectus 
Antigonus impo.no, sm- 
que ac suus omnis extra- 
ho incolumis. 

Hannibal sentio sui 
peto, neque sui b diu c vita 
sum retinendus. 



53 



REFLEXIVES. 



§208. 



I hesitate not to say that every 
nature is prone to the preservation 
of itself. 

(I.) Hannibal ordered the lad 
to go around to all the doors of 
the building, and report to him 
quickly, whether he was block- 
aded in the same manner on all 
sides. 

Themistocles discloses to the 
master of the ship who he is, 
making (him) great promises if he 
would save him. 

(4.) Jugurtha sends ambassa- 
dors to Metellus, to demand only 
his own life and (the lives) of his 
children. 

(5.) Reason and speech unite 
men together. 

(6.) A deserter came into the 
camp of Fabricius, and promised 
him that he would return secretly, 
as he had come, into the camp of 
Pyrrhus, and would destroy him 
by poison. 

(7.) Theophrastus robbed vir- 
tue of its ornament. 

The Roman men did not envy 
the women their glory. 

(8.) Perseus was able to com- 
mence the war at a time very 
favorable to himself, and disad- 
vantageous to the enemy. 

a lit. prosperous j fyc. b §225, III. c §194, 6th paragraph. 

<*§239. e §210. /§223, R. 2. * § 2G2. a § 2G5. « lit. many 
things. J § 266, 3, & R. 4. k lit. life for himself, fyc. l § 264, 5. 
m § 266, 2. n § 272, & § 270, R. 3, last clause. ° § 251. * § 223, 
R. 2. * § 253. 



Non dubito dico omnis 
natura d sum conserva- 
trix c sui. 

Impero Hannibal pu- 
ev f , ut omnis sedificium 
foris circueo^ ac propere 
sui renuntio, num idem 
modus undique obsideo\ 

Themistocles dominus 
navis, qui sum 7 ', aperio, 
multus* pollicitus si sui 
servo- 7 '. 

Jugurtha legatus ad 
Metellus mitto, qui tan- 
tummodo ipse k liberique 
vita peto*. 

Ratio et oratio concilio 
inter sui homo. 

Perfuga venio in castra 
Fabricius is que polliceor, 
sui, ut clam venio" 1 , ita 
clam in Pyrrhus castra 
redeo n , et is venenum 
neco n . 

Theophrastus spolio 
virtus suus decus . 

Non invideo laus suus 
mulier p vir Romanus. 

Perseus suus maxime 
tempus ? atque alienus 
hostis incipio bellum pos- 
sum. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

(My) brother Quintus justifies" himself strenuously 6 by 
letter c , and affirms that nothing unfavorable** was ever said* 



§ 209. SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 59 

by him concerning you. The Allobroges, who had villages 
and possessions beyond f the Rhone, betake^ themselves in 
flight to Csesar, and show 71 (him) that nothing is left* to them, 
except the soiP' of (their) territory*. Romulus said to Julius 
Proculus that he 1 was a god 7 ", and was called Q,uirinus m . 
The youth", holding the right hand of Scipio, invoked all 
the gods to make a return of gratitude to him* (Scipio) for 
himself ', since he q had not r sufficient ability 5 (to do it) accord- 
ing to' his own feeling", and his p (Scipio's) merit towards" 
him. Darius said that he was an enemy" 1 to the Athenians", 
because*, by their* aid, the lonians had taken 2 ' Sardis*. 

a purgo. b multum. c per literas. d secus, qualifying the verb. 
e § 272. ~ f trans. s recipio. h demonstro. * rellquus, § 212, R. 3, 
N. 3. J solum. * ager. l § 239. m § 210. n adolescens. ° to make 
a return of gratitude, ad gratiam referendam. p (6.) 2 § 266, R. 3. 
r lit. there ivas not to him, § 226. s facultas, § 212, R. 4. l according 
to, pro. u animus. v erga. w § 211, R. 12. x quod. y expugno, 
§ 266, 3. ' * pi. 

The Germans do not attend to a agriculture, and the greater 
part of their h food c consists of milk^, and cheese, and flesh. 
Pythias, who, as a banker 6 , was in favor f with" all ranks 71 , 
called the fishermen to him, and requested of them*, that 
they would fish-', on the following day*, before his 1 gardens. 
Most™ (of) the soldiers of Caesar, (when) taken" (prisoners,) 
refused life offered to them on p condition of serving 9 against 
him. Nothing is less acceptable 7 * to God himself, than that 
the way s to propitiate' and worship him 1 should not be open 1 * 
to all. 

° to attend to, studeo, § 223. h is, (6,) 2d paragraph. c victus. 
d all. without a preposition. e aro-entarius. / gratiosus. e apud. 
* ordo. i § 231, R. 2. J § 273, 2. * postridie. l (I.) m plerlque. 
n capio. ° concedo. p sub. q of serving, si militare vellent. 
r gratus. ' § 239. l placo, § 275, III. R. 3. u to be open, pateo. 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 

$ 209. A verb agrees with its subject-nominative in 
number and person. 

The swallows depart in the Aheo hirundo hibernus 
winter months. mensis. 

Peace is produced by war. Pax pario bellum. 



60 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 



§ 209. 



Philosophy dispels our errors. 

The neck of peacocks shines 
with various colors. 

The earth, from the small seed 
of a fig, produces a large trunk. 

Thirty tyrants, placed in au- 
thority by the Lacedaemonians, 
kept Athens in slavery". 

The states of Thessaly pre- 
sented the children of Pelopidas 
with a large estate. 

R. 1. 1 expelled the kings, ye 
are introducing tyrants ; I ob- 
tained liberty, which did c not 
(previously) exist, ye are not 
willing to preserve it (when) ob- 
tained ; I freed my country at the 
risk of my life, ye care not to be 
free (even) without risk. 

R. 2, (1.) The Albans made an 
attack upon the Roman territory ; 
(they) pitch their camp not more 
than five miles from the city ; 
(they) surround (it) with a ditch. 

(2.) I am holding a wolf by the 
ears, as-^ (they) say. 

(He) who gives himself up to 
pleasure, is not worthy the name 
of a man. 

Some prefer military to civil 
affairs. 

R. 3, (1.) Evening is approach- 
ing, and I must return to the villa. 

The traveller hides himself 
(under) a safe shelter, while it 
rains upon the earth. 

At night, it lightens without 
thunder. 

(2.) According as (one) lives 
happily, (he) lives long. 



Philosophia discutio 
error noster. 

Pavo cervix varius co- 
lor niteo. 

Terra ex ficus parvus 
granum magnus truncus 
procreo. 

Triginta tyrannus, a 
Lacedaemonius proposi- 
tus, Athenae servitus op- 
pressus teneo. 

Civitas Thessalia Pe- 
lopidas liberi multus 
ager 6 dono. 

Ego rex ejicio, tu ty- 
rannus introduco ; ego 
libertas, qui non sum, pa- 
rio ; tu partus servo non 
volo ; ego caput meus 
periculum patria libero, 
tu liber sine periculum 
sum non euro. 

Alhanus in ager Roma- 
nus impetus facio ; cas- 
tra ab urbs baud plus 
quinque mille d passus* 
loco, fossa circumdo. 

(Jui aio, auris teneo 
lupus. 

Qui trado sui volup- 
tas, non sum dignus no- 
raen ff homo. 

Sum, qui urbanus res* 
bellicus antepono*. 

Advesperascit, et ego-* 
ad villa reverter*. 

Tutus lateo arx viator, 
dum pluit in terra . 

Noctu sine tonltrus 
fulgurat. 

Proinde ut bene vivi- 
tur 9 diu vivitur. 



§ 209. 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 



61 



When we come to the end, we 
are all equal z . 

(3.) An orator must observe 
what is becoming, not in senti- 
ment only, but also in words. 

The young man must acquire, 
the old man must enjoy. 

Which (of the two) should hon- 
est (men) inquire, what porters and 
laborers, or what the most learned 
men have thought ? 

The disciples of Pythagoras 
were obliged to be five years si- 
lent. 

It must either be denied that a 
God exists, or (those) who admit 
it must confess that he is engaged 
in something. 

Moderate exercise should be 
used, and not the body only be 
relieved, but (also) the mind much 
more. 

(4.) Wisdom is never dissatis- 
fied with herself, 

I am ashamed of you. 

I am not sorry that I have lived. 

(5.) It is the part of a philoso- 
pher to entertain not a loose and 
indefinite, but a fixed and definite 
notion respecting the immortal 
gods. 

To a learned and well-informed 
man, to live is to think. 

(6.) Building began in a certain 
part of the city. 

They began to contend with 
arms. 

R. 4. Why should I multiply 
words ? 

Before (I speak) to the subject, 
(I will say) a few (words) con- 
cerning myself. 

6 



ftuum ad exit us ven- 
tum est, omnis in sequus 
sum. 

Orator™ quis decet n 
video non in sententia so- 
lum sed etiam in verbum. 

Juvenis" 1 paro, senex 
utor. 

Uter bonus queero, quis 
bajulus atque operarius, 
an quis homo doctus sen- 
tio n ? 

Pythagoras discipiilus 
quinque annus tuceo. 

Aut nego Deus sum, 
aut qui Deus sum conce- 
ded, is fateor is aliquis 
ago. 

Utor exercitatio modT- 
cus, nee corpus 7 solus 
subvenio, sed animus mul- 
tus r magis. 

Sapientia* nunquam 
sui' pozmtet. 

Ego tu pudtt. 

Non pcenitet ego vivo. 

Sum philosophus", de 
deus immortalis habeo 
non errans et vagus, sed 
stabilis certusque senten- 
tia. 

Doctus homo et erudl- 
tus vivo sum cogito. 

^Edifico" cceptum est 
in quidam pars urbs. 

Arm a discepto* ccep- 
tum est, 

Quis 10 multus. 

Antequam de res, pau- 
cus de ego. 



62 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 



§209. 



(We will treat) of this at an- 
other time. 

R. 5. A short time having in- 
tervened, the enemy, upon a sig- 
nal being given, rushed down from 
all parts, and hurled stones and 
darts within the rampart : our 
(soldiers) at first, with unimpaired 
strength, bravely resisted, and 
from (their) more elevated sta- 
tion, despatched no weapon in 
vain. 

R. 6. I am Miltiades, who 
conquered the Persians. 

To us, indeed, who love you, 
it will be agreeable. 

Be ye all present in mind, who 
are present in body. 

R. 7. What we wish, we also 
readily believe, and what we our- 
selves think, we hope that others 
think. 

(Him) whom you w r ould render 
docile, you must at the same time 
render attentive. 

The victims going before con- 
stituted not the least considerable 
part of the triumph. 

The Numidians took posses- 
sion of those places which were 
called Numidia. 

R. 10. The town (of) Stabise 
existed as late as the consulship 
of Cn. Pompey and L. Cato*. 

R. 11. A great multitude of 
abandoned men and of robbers 
had assembled. 

The rest of the fleet fled, after 
the ship of the pretor was lost. 

A part repair to the neighbor- 
ing cities. 

(2.) Gaul takes great delight in 



Hie alias. 

Brevis spatium inter- 
jectus, hostis ex omnis 
pars, signum datus, de- 
curro, lapis gaesumque in 
vallum conjicio : noster 
primo integer vis forti- 
ter rcpugno, neque ullus 
frustra telum ex locus 
superus mitto. 

Ego sum Miltiades, 
qui Persa vinco. 

Ego quidem, qui tu 
amo, sum gratus. 

Adsum omnis animus , 
qui adsum corpus . 

Qui volo et credo li- 
benter, et qui sentio ipse, 
rellquus sentio spero. 

Qui docilis volo* facio, 
simul attentus facio opor- 
tet. 

Pars non parvus tri- 
umphus sttmvictima prae- 
cedens. 

Numldapossideo is lo- 
cus, qui Numidia appcllo. 

Stabiae oppidum sum 
usque ad Cn. Pompeius 
et L. Cato consul. 

Magnus multitudo per- 
dltus homo latroque con- 
venio. 

Ceterus classis, prasto- 
rianus navis amissus", 
fugio. 

Pars urbs peto finiti- 
mus. 

Jumentum maxime 



§ 209. 



SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 



63 



beasts of burden, and procures 
them at a great price. 

(4.) As one brought aid to an- 
other, they began to resist more 
boldly. 

It had happened that we saw 
each other unexpectedly. 

The best obeyed the com- 
mands of Vocula. 

R. 12. At (the lake) Regillus, 
in the war with the Latins, Castor 
and Pollux were seen to fight on 
horseback, in the Roman line. 

Fineness, closeness, whiteness, 
(and) smoothness, are regarded in 
paper. 

(2.) Passion and reason are a 
change of the mind for better and 
worse. 

The search and investigation 
of truth is especially appropriate 
to man. 

(3.) The forehead, the eyes, the 
countenance, often deceive. 

The chiefs of the Istri, and the 
prince himself, had betaken them- 
selves to Nesattium. 

(4.) As it happened, about the 
same time, both Marcellus came 
to Rome to deprecate disgrace, 
and the consul Q,. Fulvius to hold 
the comitia. 

(6,) I wish to know what you 
and Sextus think concerning the 
whole affair. 

By the advice of Phocion, De- 
mosthenes, with others, was driv- 
en into exile, by a decree of the 
people. 

(7.) If neither thou nor I have 
done these (things,) poverty has 
not permitted us to do (them.) 



Gallia delect o z , isque im- 
pensus paro pretium aa . 

duum alius alius sub- 
sidium fero, audacter re- 
sisto ccepi. 

Accido, ut alter alter 
necopinato video. 

Bonus quisque Vocula 
jussum j?#rco. 

Apud Regillus, bellum 
Latinus 66 , in acies Rorna- 
nus Castor et Pollux ex 
equus pugno video. 

Specto in charta tenui- 
tas, dcnsitas, candor, Ice- 
vor. 

Affectus et ratio in bo- 
nus malusque mutatio 
animus sum. 

Imprimis sum homo 6i 
proprius verum inquisitio 
atque investigatio. 

Frons, oculus, vultus, 
persaepe mentior . 

In Nesattium sui prin- 
ceps Istri et regulus ipse 
recipio cc . 

Forte sub idem tern- 
pus'* d , et Marcellus ad 
deprecandus ee ignominia, 
et Q. Ftdvius consul co- 
mitia causa-^Roma venio. 

Tu ipse cum Sextus, 
scio v'plo*/, de totus res 
quis existimo hh . 

Phocion consilium De- 
mosthenes cum ceterus, 
populiscitum in exilium 
expello. 

Hie si neque ego ne- 
que tu facio, non sino 
egestas ego facio. 



64 SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. § 209. 

You and I were together all Ego atque tu omnis 

that time. ille tempus una sum. 

I began to be in safety, and he Ego in tutum, et ille 

in danger. in periculum sum coepi". 

° lit. oppressed with,fyc. b § 249, I. c See note. p. 10. d § 256, 
ft. 6. e § 212. / lit. which. e § 244. a § 224. « § 264, 6. 
> § 225, III. * § 274, R. 8. l lit. in an equal (condition.) m § 225, 
III. n § 265. ° pi. p § 2G4. 5 § 224. r § 256, R. 16. * § 229. 
R. 6. « § 215, (1.) u § 211, R. 8, (3.) * pass. inf. x pres. w § 229J 
R. 3. * lit. to the consuls, On. Pompey and L. Cato. y § 257. z pass, 
aa §252. bb gen. cc sitig. dd ace. § 235, (2,) 5th paragraph. 
ee § 275, II. // lit. on account of the comitia. ss § 260, R. 4. 
hh sing. § 265. " § 209, (7,) 3d paragraph. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

In these places which tve a inhabit 1 , the dog-star c rises'* af- 
ter the solstice; among 6 the Troglodytes, as authors write-^, 
before the solstice. If (those things) which thou dost are 
shameful", what^ matters (it) that no one* (else) knows (it,) 
since thou a know est (it?) The most excellent kings of the 
Persians, as we a think*, were Cyrus and Darius, the son of 
Hystaspis. It concerned*" the Athenians' more to have firm 
roofs in (their) dwelling-houses 771 , than a most beautiful stat- 
ue n of Minerva ; yet I a would rather be^ Phidias 9 , than 
even r the best carpenter 5 . If wild animals* love" their off- 
spring 1 ', how indulgent™ ought" we a to be towards our chil- 
dren^ ! 

a R. 1, 2d paragraph. l incolo. c canictila. d exorior. e apud. 
f as authors write, ut scribltur. s turpis. h § 214, N. 3. * § 239. 
3 judico. k interest. l § 219. m domicilium. n signnm. ° malo, 
imp. § 260. P me esse, § 271 , R. 3. 2 § 210. r vel. * faber tigna- 
rius. l a wild animal, fera. u dillgo. v partus. w qua indulgentia, 
§211,R. 6. x debeo. » liberi. 

Nature has defended trees from cold* and heat by a bark c 
sometimes doubled Pompey, Lentulus, Scipio, (and) Afra- 
nius, perished 6 , in the civil wars, by a miserable deaths 
(His) long= hair' 1 set off' 1 Scipio, and his personal appearance j , 
not elaborately neat*, but truly manly and military. The 
excellence 1 and greatness of the mind shine out'" in despis- 
ing 71 wealth. Hunger and thirst are removed by meat and 
drink. There teas in Miltiades both p the greatest* 7 kindness r 



§ 209. SUBJECT-NOMINATIVE. 65 

and wonderful affability 8 . Galba, having taken' the hand 
of Piso. said, Thou and I u speaV to-day to one another 10 
with the greatest openness*. 

a tutor. b frisrus, pi. c cortex. d geminus. * R. 12. f by a 
miserable death, frede. s promissus. h caesaries. * to set off, ador- 
no. J personal appearance, habitus corporis. k elaborately neat, cul- 
tus munditiis. l prsestantia. m eluceo, R. 12, (2.) n § 275, III. 
R. 4. ° depello, R. 12, (2.) P both, — and, quum — tum,R. 12, (4.) 
q summus. r humanltas. * comitas. f apprehendo, § 237, R. 5. 
" the pronoun of the first person is placed first. v loquor. w to one 
another, inter nos. x simpliciter. 

(Ye) have erred greatly*, XLullus, thou and some 6 , thy col- 
leagues, who hoped that ye might c be popular in overthrowing* 
the republic. The leader himself, with certain 6 principal 
men f , is taken. Atttcus stimulated-' all by his zeal' 1 ; in 
which number were L. Torqudtus, C. Marius, the son, and M. 
Cicero. The consuls, Sp. Postumius and T. Veturius, were 
vanquished 1 at the Caudine J battle. Hannibal and Philopae- 
men were destroyed 1 ' by poison. The city and Italy were 
consumed 1 by internal war. Let religion and faith be pre* 
f erred 11 to friendship. It is incredible how much" my brother 
and / esteem M. Laenius, Peace is obtained^ by war : 
(those,) therefore, who wish to enjoy that 9 long r , ought to be 
exercised in war. The wolf prowls about 9 the flocks by 
night'. 

* vehementer. b nonnullus. c possum, § 272. d everto, § 275, 
II. * aliquot. / a 'principal man, princeps. g incito. h studium, 
1 supero. i Caudlnus. * absurno. l R. 12, (2.) m antepono, 
n §214. ° facio, § 205. p pario. q is. r diutinus. * to prowl 
about, obambulo. * by night, nocturnus. 

(3.) No one ever consulted a soothsayer* how 6 (one) ought 
to live w\th d parents, brothers, (and) friends, IfDeiotarus 
had not returned 6 from his journey, he would have had to 
sleep 1 in the room" which, the next night, fell in*. We 
ought to have resisted Caesar 2 (when he was) weak- 7 , and it* 
would have been z easy ; now he has eleven legions, the pop- 
ulace of the city w , (and) so many tribunes of the people. 
At Castabalum, the king meets Parmenio 71 , whom he had 
sent forward to explore 7 * the pass ? by r which (he) must pen** 
etrate 8 to the town' called Issus". 

° haruspex. b quemadmodum. c § 162, 15, & § 205. d cum, 
repeated with each noun. e § 261, 1. / cubo, § 162, 15, & § 261, 1, 

6 * 



66 



PREDICATE-NOMINATIVE. 



§210. 



g conclave. h corruo. * § 223, R. 2. J imbecillus. k is. l § 259, 
R.4. m § 211, R. 4. n § 224. ° to send forward, pra^mitto. ? § 275, 
II. & III. R. 3. 9 the pass, iter saltas. r per. * § 162, 15, imp. 
1 urbs. u £*£. Issus by name. 



PREDICATE-NOMINATIVE. 



§ 210. A noun in the predicate, after a verb neu- 
ter or passive, is put in the same case as the subject, 
when it denotes the same person or thing. 



Atticus presented to each of the 
Athenians seven modii of wheat ; 
which kind of measure is called 
at Athens a medimnus. 

They say that there is a wild 
animal in Paeonia, which is called 
the Bonasus, with the mane of a 
horse, in other respects like a 
bull. 

After Hostilius, Ancus Marti- 
us, the grandson of Numa Pom- 
pilius by a daughter, was appoint- 
ed kiug by the people. 

It is noble and meritorious to 
come forth the voluntary defender 
of one's country. 

A slave, when he is manumit- 
ted, becomes a freedman. 

Rome, afterwards so great, was 
once a pasture for a few oxen. 

Eight legions, near the Rhine, 
(were) the principal strength of 
the empire. 

The emperor Titus Vespasian 
was called the darling of the hu- 
man race. 

The town of Paestum was 
called by the Greeks Posidonia. 

R. 1. M. Marcellus, (after) 



Atticus Atheniensis 
singulus septem modius 
triticum do ; qui modus 
rnensur a. ?nedimnus Athe- 
nae appello. 

Trado in Paeonia fera° 
sum, qui Bonasus voco a , 
equinus juba 6 ceterus* 
taurus rf similis. 

Post Hostilius, Numa 
Pompilius, nepos ex filia, 
rex a populus Ancus Mar- 
ti us const ituo. 

Pulcher e dignusque 
sum 7 patria, volens pro- 
deo defensor. 

Servus, quum manus 3 " 
mitto,^o libertinus. 

Roma posteatam mag- 
nus, paucus olim pascua 
bos sum. 

Praecipuus imperium 
rohur, Rhenus juxtaocto 
legio. 

Imperator Titus Ves- 
pasianus dclicice huma- 
nus genus dico. 

Oppidum Paestum a 
GrvecusPosidonia appello. 

M. Marcellus, magnifi- 



§210. 



PREDICATE-NOMINATIVE. 



67 



having exhibited a most magnifi- 
cent show in (his) aedileship, died 
very young. 

The people of Crotona were 
once reckoned among the most 
prosperous in Italy. 

(He) who is born unlucky, 
lives a sad life. 

R. 2. This city is Thebes. 

Formerly crowns were an or- 
nament of the gods. 

That day was the Nones of No- 
vember. 

R. 3, (1.) Aristfeus is said to 
be the inventor of olive oil. 

All cannot be either skilled in 
law or eloquent. 

(2.) The Scythians always re- 
mained either untouched or un- 
conquered by foreign power. 

(3,) (a.) Socrates may justly 
be called the father of philosophy. 

The mind of man, not his cof- 
fer, ought to be called rich. 

(b.) Servius Tuilius was with 
great unanimity declared king. 

P. Sulla was proclaimed consul 
by all the centuries. 

(c.) Mercury is reckoned the 
messenger of Jupiter. 

Socrates was judged by the or- 
acle of Apollo (to be) the wisest 
of all (men.) 

N. 1. Xanthippe, the wife of 
Socrates the philosopher, is said 
to have been very peevish and 
quarrelsome. 

N. 2. You yourself are called 
a shrewd and discriminating judge 
of the ancients. 

R. 4. Philip, having been giv- 
en to Alexander, (when) a boy, 



cus* munus sedilitas* edi- 
tus ; , decedo admodumjw- 
venis. 

Crotoniatae quondam 
in Italia cum primus bed- 
tus numerof. 

Qui natus sum infelix, 
vita tristis decurro. 

Hie urbs sum Thebce. 

Olim corona deus /to- 
nos sum k . 

Is dies sum Nonce No- 
vember*. 

Aristaeus inventor ole- 
um sum dico. 

Omnisnon possum aut 
jurisperitus sum aut di~ 
sertus. 

Scytha perpetuo ab 
alienus imperium aut in- 
t actus aut invictus maneo. 

Socrates parens philo- 
sophia jus w dico possum. 

Animus homo dives 
non area appello debeo. 

Servius Tuilius mag- 
nus consensus rex decldro. 

Consul omnis centuria 
P. Sulla rcnuntio. 

Mercurius Jupiter nun- 
tius prrhibeo. 

Socrates omnis sapiens 
oraculum Apollo judico. 

Xanthippe, Socrates 
philosophus uxor, moro- 
sus admodum sumfero et 
jurgiosus. 

Ipse subtil is vetus ju- 
dex et callidus audio. 

Philippus, Alexander 
puer comes et custos salus 



63 GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. §211. 

as his companion, and the guar- datus, non ut rex modo, 

dian of (his) health, loved (him,) sed etiam ut alumnus 

not only as king, but also as a eximius caritas diligo. 
foster-child, with marked affec- 
tion. 

R. 5. In a tranquil sea, any Quilibet nauta tran- 

one of the sailors can direct the quillus mare n guberno 

ship; (but) when a furious storm possum: ubi saevus orior 

has arisen, there is need of a man tempestas, turn vir° et 

and a pilot. gubernator opus sum. 

R. 6. Androgeus perceived Androgeus sentio me- 

that he had fallen into the midst dius delapsus 23 in hostis. 
of the enemy. 

a § 266, 2. * § 211. R. 6. c § 234, IT. * § 222. e § 205, R. 8. 
/ § 209, R. 3, (5.) f '§ 247. *> § 125. 3. * gen. J § 257, R. 5. 

* § 145, II. 1. i adj. m § 247. n § 257, R. 7. ° § 243. * § 249, 
R. 2. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

( Those,) who were" with Aristotle, were called 1 Peripatet- 
ics, because they disputed" (while) walking in the Lyceum. 
P. Scipio Africanus was chosen 6 a third time prince', in the 
Senate. Cornelia, of 7 the family of the Cossi, teas made* a 
vestal virgin. C. Claudius Centho, (and) afterwards* P. 
Cornelius Asina, were appointed 1 regents j by the senators*. 
Hail, (thou) first' of all, called' 71 the father" of (thy) country! 
That Phasellus, which you see, (my) friends , declares** that 
(it) has been 9 the swiftesf of ships 5 . 

* § 145, II. 1. h dico. c inambulo. d lego. * princeps. /ex. 
g capio. h inde. * creo. 3 interrex. * pater. l § 206, R. 15. 
m appello. n parens. ° hospes. p aio. » § 239, R. 2. ' celer. 

* § 212. 

GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 

$211. A noun which limits the meaning of another 

noun, denoting a different person or thing, is put in the 

genitive. 

The Athenians choose two Atheniensis helium duo 
leaders of the war; Pericles, a dux dehgo, Pericles, spec- 



§211. 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



69 



man of tried merit, and Sopho- 
cles, a writer of tragedies. 

The statues of Polycletus are 
absolutely perfect. 

Numa was the founder of the 
divine law, Servius the author of 
every distinction (of rank) and 
of the orders in the state. 

Modesty is the guardian of all 
the virtues. 

The countenance is a sort of 
silent language of the mind. 

The wealth and resources of in- 
dividuals are the riches of the state. 

The power of nature is very 
great. 

The life of the dead consists in 
the memory of the living. 

The vision of both eyes is the 
same. 

The beginnings of all things 
are small. 

The race of all the Gauls is 
exceedingly devoted to religious 
observances. 

(Those) descended from the 
Sabines, wished a king to be 
elected from their own body. 

The followers of Pompey, by 
reports and letters, were publish- 
ing throughout the world the vic- 
tory of that day. 

Erana was not like-^ a village, 
but (like) a city. 

Amidst almost impassable sands 
are the pyramids, raised like 
mountains by the zeal and wealth 
of kings. 

R. 2. Hannibal related to An- 
tiochus many (circumstances) re- 
specting his own fidelity and (his) 
hatred of the Romans. 



tdtus virtus vir rt , et Sopho- 
cles scriptor tragozdia. 

Polycletus signum 
plane perfectus sum. 

Numa divlnus auctor 
jus sum, Servius condi- 
tor omnis in civitas dis* 
crimen or do que. 

Custos virtus omnis 
verecundia sum. 

Vultus sermo quidam 
tacitus mens sum. 

Singulus facultas et 
copia divitioe sum civitas. 

Vis sum permagnus 
naiura. 

Vita mortuus in me- 
moria vivus pono. 

Idem obtutus sum am- 
bo oculus. 

Omnis res principium 
parvus sum. 

Natio sum omnis Gal- 
lus admodum deditus re- 
ligio 6 . 

Oriundus c ab rf Sabinus 
suus corpus 6 creo rex vo- 
lo. 

Pompeianus per orbis 
terra b fama ac literal vic- 
toria is dies concelebro. 

Erana sum non vicus 
instar, sed urbs. 

Inter vix pervius arena 
sum instar mons eductus 
pyramis certamen et ops 
rex. 

Hannibal Antiochus 
multus de (ides suus et 
odium in Romdnus com- 
memoro. 



70 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



211. 



R. 3. And now my illustrious 
spirit will descend beneath the 
earth. 

I pray that there may long 
remain to the nations, if not a 
love of us, at least a hatred of 
one another. 

R. 4. Then the Salii celebrate 
in song the praises and the deeds 
of Hercules. 

R. 5. The cause of the poverty 
of Abdolonymus was (his) hon- 
esty. 

Are you my servant, or I 
yours? 

The knees of the boldest sol- 
dier have trembled a little, when 
the signal of battle was given, 
and the heart of the greatest com- 
mander has palpitated. 

R. 6. Datames conducted to 
the king, on the following day, 
Thyus, a man of very large 
stature. 

Caesar sent to Ariovistus Va- 
lerius, a young man of the high- 
est valor and most amiable man- 
ners. 

The servant of Panopio was a 
man of wonderful fidelity. 

R. 7. King Tarquin lived near 
(the temple) of Jupiter Stator. 

I have read in what manner 
you were conducted from (the 
temple) of Vesta. 

Verania, (the wife) of Piso, 
was very sick. 

R. 8, (1.) Who is there who 
can compare the life of Trebo- 
nius with (that) of Dolabella? 

Agesilaus, after he had entered 
into the port, which is called (the 



Et nunc magnus ego 
sub terra 6 eo imago. 

Maneo^, quseso, gens, 
si non amor nos, at certe 
odium sui. 

Turn Salii carmen laus 
Hcrculeus et factum fero. 

Causa Abdolonymus 
paupertas sum probitas. 

Tu ego, aut tu ego ser- 
vus sum ? 

Signum^ pugna datus, 
ferox miles paululum 
genu tremo, et magnus 
imperdtor cor exsilio. 

Datames Thyus, homo 
magnus corpus 1 posterus 
dies ad rex duco. 

Coesar ad Ariovistus 
Valerius mitto, superus 
virtu 's j , et humanitas ado- 
lescens. 

Servus Panopio sum 
homo admirahilis jides i . 

Habito* Tarquinius 
rex ad Jupiter Stator. 

Lego,quemadm6dum a 
Vesta duco*. 

Verania Piso graviter 
jaceo^. 

Quis sum, qui possum" 1 
confero vita Trebonius 
cum Dolabella ? 

Agesilaus quum venio n 
in portus, qui Menelaus 



§211. 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



71 



port) of Menelaus, being attacked 
with disease, died. 

(2.) Solon made it a capital 
offence, if any one, in a sedition, 
had t>een of neither party. 

Of what rank was Fidicu- 
lanius? Of the senatorial. 

(3.) It belongs to a great citi- 
zen, and a man almost divine, to 
foresee impending changes in 
public affairs. 

Hamilcar said, that it did not 
suit with his valor to deliver up 
to his adversaries arms received 
from his country for the annoy- 
ance of the enemy. 

It is the duty of a judge to 
consider, not what he himself 
may wish, but what law and reli- 
gion require. 

It is the part of a judicious 
teacher to observe to what each 
one's genius inclines him. 

It is not less the part of a 
commander to conquer by art 
than by arms. 

It deserves consideration, 
whether it is the duty of a 
brave man and a good citizen 
to continue in that city in which 
he cannot be his own master. 

It is incident to every man to 
err; to no one, except a fool, 
to persevere in error. 

It seems to belong peculiarly 
to a wise man to determine who 
is a wise man. 

The inexpensiveness of Augus- 
tus's furniture is apparent, his 
couches and tables even now 
remaining, most of which are 



voco, in morbus implici- 
tus, decedo. 

Solon caput sancio, si 
quis in seditio non alterii- 
ter pars sum ? . 

Fidiculanius quis sum 
or do ? Senatorius. 

Impendens in res pub- 
licus commutatio pros- 
picio, magnus quidam 
civis et divinus psene 
sum vir. 

Non suus sum virtus, 
dico Hamilcar, arma a 
patria acceptus adversus 
hostis adversarius trado. 

Sum judex, non quis 
ipse volo ? , sed quis lex et 
religio cogo 9 , cogito. 

Doctor intelUgens sum, 
video, quo fero ? natura 
suus quisque. 

Non minus sum impe- 
rdtor, consilium supero 
quam gladius. 

Considerandum sum, 
sumne 9 , vir fortis et bo- 
nus civis, sum in is urbs, 
in qui non futurus sum r 
suus jus*. 

Quivis homo sum erro ; 
nullus, nisi insipiens, in 
error persevero. 

Statuo qui sum 7 sapi- 
ens vel maxime videor 
sum sapiens. 

Augustus supellectilis 
parsimonia appareo, eti- 
am nunc residuus lectus* 
atque mensa qui pie- 



72 



GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 



§211. 



hardly elegant enough for a pri- 
vate person". 

It would be tedious, and not 
suitable to the work*, (which I 
have) undertaken, to discuss what 
Roman first received a crown. 

(4.) Tyre, founded by Agenor, 
brought under its dominion, not 
only the neighboring sea, but 
whatever (sea) its fleets visited. 

All (property) which was the 
woman's becomes the man's, un- 
der the name of dowry. 

Thebes became (a possession) 
of the Roman people, by the right 
of war. 

Hannibal reduced under his 
own power the country which 
lies between the Alps and the 
Apennines. 

(5.) Plato occurred to my 
mind. 

As often as you shall step, so 
often may your valor occur to 
your mind. 

(6.) It has long been my (part) 
to lament (the state of) public 
affairs. 

In these so great dangers, it is 
your (part,) Cato, to consider 
what is to be done. 

Y/ho professes that it is his 
(part) to speak upon all ques- 
tions ? 

R. 10. Sabinus's backwardness 
in preceding days encouraged the 
Gauls. 

Caesar, on account of the an- 
cient injuries of the Helvetians 
to the Roman people, sought 
satisfaction from them in war. 



rusque" vix privatus ele- 
gant i a sum. 

Longus sum 1 * nee insti- 
tutus opus, dissero quis- 
nam Romanus primus 
corona accipio 9 . 

Conditus ab Agenor 
Tyrus, mare non vicinus 
modo sed quicumque y 
classis is adeo clltio suus 
facio. 

Omnis 6 qui mulier sum 
vir fio dos nomen. 

Thebae populus Roma- 
nus jus bellum^s. 

Hannibal qui inter Al- 
pes Apenninusque ager* 
sum, suus ditio facio. 

Venio ego "* Plato in 
mens. 

Guotiescunque gradus 
facio, toties tu aa tuus vir- 
tus venio in mens. 

Sum meus jam pridem, 
res publicus lugeo. 

Hie tantus in peric- 
iilum sum tuus, Cato, 
video quis ago ? . 

Quis profiteor, sum 
suus, de omnis qusestio 
dico? 

Gallus hortor superus 
dies Sabinus cunctatio. 

Caesar pro vetus Hel- 
vetii injuria populus Ro- 
manus ab is poena 6 bel- 
lum repeto. 



§211. GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 73 

R. 11. Now, O Muses, we Pierfdes, magnus nunc 

shall need 65 lofty language. sum os opus, 

R. 12. L. Paulus, victorious in L. Paulus, tantus bel- 

so great a war, was not deprived lum victor, non despoho 

of a triumph. triumphus cc . 

The war with the Helvetii Bellum Helvetii con- 
being finished, ambassadors came fectus, legatus ad Caesar 
to congratulate Caesar. gratulor" convenio. 

° R. 6. {pi. c § 162. 20. * § 240. R. 2. e R. 1. / lit. the resem- 
blance of § 210. *§262', R. 4. * r § 257, R'. 1. * gen. i abl. k.imp. 

1 fern. sing. § 265. m § 264, 7. n § 263, 5, R. 2. ° or, appointed un- 
der penalty of death, § 247. * § 264, 12. q § 265. r § 266, 1. * lit. 
of his own right, R. 8, (2.) « § 257, R. 7. * § 205, R. 2, (2.) * to. 
of private elegance. w ind. pres. x lit. not of the work. y § 233. * § 212, 
R. 3. aa R. 5, 1. * & lit. there icill be need of. cc § 251. dd § 276, II. 

The whole hope of the people of Utica a was in the Cartha- 
ginians; of the Carthaginians , in Hasdrubal. The Persians, 
after a dominion 6 of so many years, patiently received c the 
yoke of slavery. If your neighbor has rf a garment of greater 
value 6 than you have, would you prefer f yours 5 or his? 
Caesar adapted' 1 the year to the course of the sun, (so) that 
(it) should consist' of three hundred and sixty-five day-si. 
Marathus, a freedman of Augustus, writes, that his^' stature 
was five feet and three fourths 1 . Great is the power" 1 of eon- 
science. There was a dispute of one day upon" this one 
subject . I know not what the opinion of the people is p of* 
me. The proof 7 of eloquence is the approbation of the hear- 
ers 7 ' . The privation of every pain has been rightly called* 
pleasure. The whole life of philosophers is a meditation" on 
death. You seem to me to follow the opinion" of Epichar- 
mus. Will you make mention of your consulship ? The 
life of all (persons) depends on" 7 yours 5 alone*. I admired 
Pompey's virtue and greatness^ of mind. The attack 3 " of- 
Saguntum was the origin afl of the second Punic war. 
Thales, the Milesian, said, that water was the first principle 66 
of (all) things. We pursue" health, strength", freedom** 
from pain, on their own account -^ 

a people of Utica, Uticenses. b impermm. c accipio. d § 261, 2. 
* pretium. / rnalo, pres. § 258. 1. 1, (1.) s R. 3, 3d paragraph. h ao 
commodo. { sum, § 262. J R. 8, (1.) k is, §208, (6.) l dodrans 
,n vis. n de. ° res. p § 265. q effectus. r audio, pres. part. * dolor. 
1 nomino. u commentatio. v sententia. w ex. x unus, § 205, R. 13. 
7 



74 GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. § 211. 

y magnitude*. z oppugnatio. aa causa. hh first principle, principium. 
cc expeto. dd pi. ee vacuitas. ff on their own account, propter se. 



GENITIVE. 

R. 6. Tarquin had a brother Aruns, a young man of mild 
character". Volusenus, a man of great sagacity 1 and bra- 
very ' , was tribune of the soldiers. The loss d of Sicily and 
Sardiuia troubled 6 Hamilcar, a man of great f spirit. Do 
you reprove^ me, (you) man of three letters; (you) thief; 
(you) scape-gallows' 1 ? Bibracte is a town of very great in- 
fluence 1 among the JEdui. L. Quinctius, the only- 7 hope of 
the empire of the Roman people, was cultivating a field of four 
acres k , across the Tiber. Ambassadors from the Latins and 
the Hernici brought' a golden crown, of small weight, into 
the Capitol. The breadth of the Hercynian forest extends 771 a 
journey of nine days for (a traveller) unincumbered 71 . Caesar 
advanced three days' journey*. The Athenians committed 2 
to Miltiades a fleet of seventy ships. The Caspian sea 
(which is) sweeter (than) others 7 ", breeds* serpents of vast 
magnitude, and fishes of a very' different" color from others. 
We sometimes" see clouds of a fiery color. Caesar forbade" 
that the camp should be fortified 3 " with a rampart y , but 
ordered a trench of fifteen feet to be made in front* against 
the enemy. A good man is characterized by** 1 the greatest 
piety towards the gods. 

a ingenium. b consilium. c virtus. d § 274, R. 5. e ungo, imp. 
/ingens. g vitupero. h scape-gallows, fur trifurcifer. ^auctorltas. 
i unicus. fcjugeris, § 94. ; fero. m pateo. " expeditus. ° procedo. 
p via. q do. r § 256. s alo. ' longe. u diversus. ■ aliquando. 
w veto. x § 272. y vallum. z a fronte. aa lit. is of. bb superus. 

ABLATIVE. 

Caesar is said* to have been of tall stature, fair 1 com- 
plexion , dark* eyes, and sound 6 health. Good health is 
pleasanter^ to those who have recovered 1, from a severe* 
disease, than (to those) who have never had i a sickly body. 
Marcellus labored under- 7 unfavorable reports, because, in 
the middle 1 " of the summer, he had led' his soldiers to quar- 
ters at Venucia 771 . Curio was so devoid of memory 71 , that 
often , when he had laid down p three 9 (heads) in speaking', 
he would add a fourth*. Among 8 the Romans, scribes were 
deemed' mercenaries; but" among the Greeks, no one was 



§ 211. GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. 75 

admitted to that office, except'' of respectable 10 birth* ', and 
known* industry and fidelity. Cato was characterized in 
all things by* singular sagacity aa and industry ; for he was 
a skilful 66 farmer, experienced 60 in public affairs dcf , a great 
commander, and a respectable 6 c orator. Augustus was in- 
formed^ of what age gg ' , stature, and complexion* 1 * 1 , (every- 
one) was", who ;7 visited 7 ' 4 his daughter Julia. Caesar sent 
to Ariovistus, Valerius, a young man of the highest 11 valor 
and courtesy™ m . 

°trado. h candidus. c color. d irigef. e prosper. /jucundus. 
e recreo, pass. h gravis. * lit. been of. I lit. was of. k § 205, R. 17. 
1 abduco. m § 237. n lit. of no memory. ° aliquoties. p propono. 
s § 205, R. 7, (2.) r § 275, III. 4. s apud. « existlmo. w at. • nisi. 
w honestus. * locus. y cognitus. z characterized by, lit. of. aa pru- 
dentia. &6 solers. cc peritus. dd respublica, singr. ee probabilis. 
•^to 6e informed, eertior no, § 145, II. 1. gg eetas. ^ color. il § 265. 
# quicunque. kk adeo, § 266, 1. ll superus. mm humanitas. 

Masinissa is induced", by no (degree of) cold 6 , to cover 
his head . The servants of Milo were of faithful and reso- 
lute* minds' towards 7 (their) master. I have told ff you by 
letter 71 what my feelings 1 were- 7 ' towards 4 the farmers of the 
revenue*. Of those" 1 men who are of some 71 estimation and 
rank 7 , there are in every (part of) Gaul two classes* ; the 
one r (that) of the Druids, the other of the knights. Murena 
was (a man) of moderate talents 8 , but of great fondness 1 for 
ancient things, of much industry", and great labor". You 
remember" how much I was afflicted 10 . Dionysius commanded 
boys* of extraordinary v beauty 2 to stand aa near 66 (his) table. 
Between Labienus and the enemy there was a river of diffi- 
cult passage c and rugged dd banks. 

a adduco. b frigus. c lit. that he should be of covered head. 
d praesens. e animus. /in. g declaro. h per literas. * voluntas, 
sing. 3 lit. of what feelings I was, § 265. k erga. l a farmer of the 
revenue, publicanus. m is. n aliquis. ° numerus. p honos. 9 genus. 
r alter, § 207, R. 32. * ingenium, sing. % studium. u gen. v memini. 
w of how great grief I was, § 265. x § 223, (2.) y eximius. * forma. 
aa consisto. 66 ad. cc transitus. dd prseruptus. 

R. 7. Hasdriibal, (the son) of Gisgo, was a very able* and 
distinguished 6 general. Hasdriibal, (the son) of Hamilcar, 
was occupying a camp near the Black Stones, among the 
Ausetani. By chance I see there Byrrhia, (the servant) of 
this (man). Strato, (the disciple) of Theophrastus, aimed* 
(to be) a natural philosopher* ; his (disciple,) Lyco, was 



76 GENITIVE AFTER NOUNS. § 211. 

copious f in expression*, (but) meagre'' in matter*. I do not 
suppose j that you are ignorant* what* Antiochus wrote in 
opposition to m (the sentiments) of Philo. 

a magnus. b clarus. c habeo, § 145, IT. d volo. e a natural phi- 
losopher, "physicus. -Hocuples. g oratio. h jejunus. * res ipse, pi. 
i arbltror. * to be ignorant, ignore-. l pl. m contra. 

R. 8, (I.) The features' 1 of the mind are more beautiful 
than (those) of the body. Julius had been the quaestor of 
Albucius, as you of Verves. Among the very numerous 6 
and great vices, there is none more common than (that) of 
ingratitude*. I had rather 6 depend upon- 7 " my own judg- 
ment*, than (upon that) of all others. 

a lineamentum. h multus. c frequens. d ingratus animus. e malo. 
f to depend upon, sto. s § 245, II. 

R. 8, (2.) From" the beginning of the Roman name, a 
law 6 was established , that no one rf of the Romans could 6 be 
of more than 7 one city. The law is, if the father of a family 
dies* intestate 71 , let his slaves' and his money belong- 7 ' to his 
kinsmen 1 ' and relations*. Leave riches to the rich m : do thou 
prefer virtue to riches 71 . The orator Arrius played J , as it 
were , the second^ (part) after Crassus 2 . The senate at 
Noia was attached to the Homans r ; the common people fa 
Hannibal. You know me to be wholly 5 devoted to Pompey*. 

° inde a. 6 jus. c comparo. d ne quis. Opossum. / more than, 
plus quam. s § 261, R. 1. h intestato. * familia, sing. i sum. 
k agnatus. l gentllis. m lit. suffer riches to be of the rich. n § 224. 
° quasi. p fern. pi. q gen. r lit. of the Romans. s totus. l lit. Pom- 
peifs. 

R. 8, (3.) Anger, on account of a another's 6 faulty is 
(characteristic) of a narrow* mind 6 ; nor will virtue ever be 
guilty 7 of imitating 5 ' faults' 1 , while she represses i (them.) 
Tiberius wrote back- 7 ' to the prefects*, (who) recommended 1 
that the provinces™ should be loaded" with tribute : ("It) 
is (the part) of a good shepherd to shear 7 * (his) sheep, not to 
flay 9 (them/') Pergamus, Ephesus, Miletus, in short 7 ", all 
Asia, came under the power of the Roman people. 

° ob. b alienus. c peccatum. d angustus. ' pectus. f to be 
guilty of, committo. s lit. that she should imitate, pres. § 258, I. (3.) 
h vitium. * compesco. J to write bach, rescribo. k prreses. l sua- 
deo, lit. recommending. m § 239. n one'ro, § 274, R. 8,-& § 270, R. 3, 



§ 212. GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 77 

last clause. ° § 250. p tondeo. s deglubo. r denique. * to come 
under the power, fio, R. 8, (4.) 

R, 8, (6.) It is our (part) to submit* patiently 6 to the 
wishes of the people. It was more becoming in you d to 
celebrate 6 the birth-day of Epicurus, than for him f to pro- 
vide" by will, that it should be celebrated 6 . To do 6 , and to 
suffer bravely' 1 , is (the part) of a Roman. This is (the 
duty) of a father 1 , to accustom- 7 (his) son to do right of his 
own accord*, rather than' through fear of another" 1 . 

a fero. b modice. c voluntas. d lit. it was more yours. e ago. 
f ille, lit. than it was his. s caveo. h fortis, § 192, II. 4, (b.) i pa- 
trius. i consuefacio. * sua sponte. l rather than, potius in the former , 
and quam in the latter clause. m of another, alienus. 

R. 10. Epicurus neglected many (of the) ornaments of 
style a of Plato, Aristotle (and) Theophrastus. The faults 
of early h youth of Themistocles were corrected 6 by great 
virtues. Activity** of genius is reckoned 6 an honor^, on 
account of 8 the mind's passing over 7 ' many things, in a 
short time. 

°oratio. b iniens. c emendo. d celeritas. ' habeo /laus, §210. 
e propter. h passing over, percursio. 



PARTITIVES. 

§212. Nouns, adjectives, adjective pronouns, and 
adverbs, denoting a part, are followed by a genitive de- 
noting the whole. 

Mithridates, the last of all the Mithridates, ulterior 

independent* kings, except the omnis jus suus rex, prae- 

Parthian, was crushed, under the ter ParthTcus, auspicium 6 

auspices of Pompey, by the treach- Pompeius , insidiae filius 

ery of his son Pharnaces. Pharnaces opprimo. 

On the right and left, about Dextra laevaque, Da- 
two hundred, the noblest of his rlus ducenti ferme ?iobilis 
kinsmen, accompanied Darius. propinquus comitor. 

R. 1. Justice seeks for no Justitia nihil expeto 

reward. premium. 
7* 



78 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



§ 212. 



No one of mortals is wise at 
all times. 

R. 2, (1.) Of (all) the Greek 
arts, medicine alone Roman dig- 
nity does not practise, though so 
profitable. 

Of insects, some have two 
wings each, as flies; some four, 
as bees. 

(2.) Black wool takes no color. 

Degenerate dogs bend their 
tails under their bellies. 

(3.) The last of all the Roman 
JTings was Tarquin, to whom the 
name Superbus was given from 
his character. 

The Indus is the largest of all 
rivers. 

Rome has become the glory of 
the world. 

(4.) Thales, the Milesian, first 
of all among the Greeks, ascer- 
tained the reason of the eclipse 
of the sun. 

In the days of Phocion, there 
were two factions at Athens, one 
of which espoused the cause of 
the people, the other (that) of the 
nobles. 

N. 1. The most excellent of 
the Persian kings" were Cyrus 
and Darius, the son of Hystaspes : 
the former of these fell in battle 
among the Massagetae. 

N. 2. No one of us is without 
fault. 

I have less strength than either 
of you. 

N. 3. Give (me some) proof if 
you are (one) of these priestesses 
of Bacchus. 

Caninius Gallus, (one) of the 



Nemo ?no?*tdlis omnis 
hora sapio. 

Solus medicina ars 
Graecus non exerceo 
Romanus gravitas, in 
tantus fructus. 

Ins eel um quidam bini 
gero pinna, ut musca ; 
quidam quaterni, ut apis. 

Niger d la?ia e nullus 
color bibo. 

Degener canis cauda 7 
sub alvus-^* flecto. 

Posterus omnis sum 
rex Romanus Tarquini- 
us, qui cognomen Su- 
perbus* ex mos do. 

Indus sum omnis jlu- 
men magnus. 

Res fiopulcJier h Roma. 

Ratio defectus sol 
apud Graecus investlgo 
primus omnis Thales 
Milesius. 

Sum* Phocion tempus 
Athenae duo factio, qui 
unus populus causa ago, 
alter optimas. 

Excellens rex Persa 
sum Cyrus et Darius, 
Hystaspes filius : prior 
hie apud Massagetae in 
prcelium cado. 

Nemo ego sum sine 
culpa. 

Parvus habeo vis* quam 
tu utcrvis. 

Cedo signum, si hie 
Paccha sum. 

Liber-'' Sibylla Canini- 



§ 212. 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



79 



Quindecimviri, had demanded 
that a book of the Sibyl should 
be received. 

N. 4. Thales was the wisest 
among the seven. 

The sense of sight* 7 is the most 
acute among all our senses. 

The Borysthenes is the most 
charming among the rivers of 
Scythia. 

Themistocles sent to the king, 
by night, (one) of his servants 
whom he accounted the most 
faithful. 

N. 5. There were two wives 
of Ariovistus. Two daughters of 
these — the one was slain, the 
other taken captive. 

In the beginning different kings 
exercised, some their mental, oth- 
ers their corporeal powers. 

N. 6. Bsetica surpasses all the 
provinces. 

Brutus proposed to the people 
that all the race of Tarquin should 
be banished. 

Attalus persuaded almost all 
the Macedonians to remain. 

R. 3. There is much evil in 
example. 

There is much good in friend- 
ship, much evil in discord. 

He who has little money, has 
also little credit. 

What business hast thou ? 

The senate formerly decreed, 
that L. Opimius should see that 
the republic received no detri- 
ment. 



us Gallus Quindecimvir , 
recipio postiilo. 

Thales sapiens in sep- 
tcm sum. 

Acer ex omnis noster 
sensus sum sensus video. 

Borysthenes inter Scy- 
thia aninis sum amainus. 

Themistocles noctu de 
servus suus, qui habeo 
fide lis, ad rex mitto. 

Duo sum Ariovistus 
uxor. Duo jilia hie — 
alter occido, alter capio. 

Initium rex diversus — 
pars ingeuium, alius cor- 
pus exerceo*. 

Baetlca cunctus provin- 
cia praeeedo. 

Brutus ad popiilus fero, 
ut omnis Tarquinius gens 
exsul sum'. 

Attalus Macedo fere 
omnis" 1 , ut maneo', per- 
suadeo. 

Sum multus malum in 
exemplum. 

Sum multus bonum in 
amicitia, multus malum in 
discoi'dia. 

Qui habeo paululus pe- 
cuniae habeo etiam pau- 
lulus fides. 

Ecquis habeo negoti- 
um ? 

Decerno quondam se- 
natus, ut L. Opimius 
video, ne quis respublica 
detrimentum capio". 



80 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



§212. 



When king Attalus had bought 
a picture of Aristides for six hun- 
dred thousand sesterces, Mumrai- 
us, suspecting that there was some 
virtue in it, which he did not un- 
derstand, recalled the picture. 

N. 3. For a long time no news 
was brought to me. 

Who is ignorant that it is 
the first law of history that (the 
historian) should dare to utter 
nothing false 1 and, secondly, that 
he should fear (to utter) nothing 
true ? 

N. 4. Apelles formed, with 
most consummate art, a head and 
the upper (parts) of the breast of 
a Venus. 

At Pergamus, in the secret and 
retired (parts) of the temple, 
whither it was not lawful to go, 
except for the priests, timbrels re- 
sounded. 

R. 4. Crassus, along with the 
greatest courtesy, had also suffi- 
cient severity. 

Caesar was wont to say that he 
had long since acquired abun- 
dance of power and glory. 

In many places, truth has too 
little stability, and too little 
strength. 

Is it not misery enough for 
Roscius, that he has cultivated 
his estates for others, not for him- 
self? 

He always has favorers enough, 
who does right. 

N. 2. I was not even suspect- 
ing in what part of the world you 
were. 

Wherever the right of citizens 



Quum rex Attalus Ar- 
istides tabula sexies ses- 
tertium emo°, Mummius 
suspicatus aliquis in is 
virtus sum , qui ipse nes- 
cio°, tabula revoco . 

Jam diu nihil novus ad 
ego affero. 

Quis nescio, primus 
sum" historia lex, ne quis 
falsus dico audeo ? de- 
inde ne quis verus non 
audeo ? 

Apelles Venus caput 
et superus pectus politus 
ars perficio. 

Pergamus, in occultus 
ac reconditus templum, 
quo praeter sacerdos adeo 
fas non sum, tympanum 
sono. 

Crassus, in superus 
comltas, habeo' etiam se- 
veritas satis. 

Soleo* dico Caesar sui 
jam pridem potentia glo- 
riaqne abunde adipiscor. 

Multus in locus parum 
jirmamentum et parum 
vis e Veritas habeo. 

Parunme miseria sum 
Roscius, quod praedium 
suus alius non sui colo? 

Sat habeo favitor sem- 
per, qui recte facio. 

Ubi terra sum ? , ne 
suspicor quidem. 

Ubicunque terra et 



§212. 



GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. 



81 



has been violated, it pertains to 
the common cause of liberty. 

I think (we) must remove to 
Rhodes, or to some other place. 

Our tyrannicides are far dis- 
tant. 

N. 3. Tacfarinas had arrived 
at such a degree of insolence, as 
to send ambassadors to Tiberius. 

We have arrived at such a 
pitch of luxury, as to be unwill- 
ing 7 to tread, unless upon gems. 

N. 4. Afterwards the consul 
came into the town (of) Cirta. 

In the mean time I became ac- 
quainted with you. 

N. 5. I could wish that you 
would not neglect to write to me, 
so far as you shall be able to do it. 

N. 6. The next day Caesar has- 
tened on his way to Bibracte. 

The day before, the Germans 
could not be restrained. 

N. 7. Lynxes see most clearly 
of all quadrupeds. 

This concerns you least of all. 

Sulpicius Gallus was most de- 
voted to Greek literature of all 
the nobles. 



ge?is violo jus civis, is 
pertineo ad communis 
causa libertas. 

Migrandum Rhodus, 
aut aliquo terra arbitror. 

Noster tyrannicida Ion- 
ge gens absum. 

Tacfarinas hue arro- 
gantia venio, ut legatus 
ad Tiberius mitto*. 

Ed delicia 6 pervenio, 
ut nisi gem ma r calco no- 
lo. 

Postea locus consul 
pervenio in oppidum Cir- 
ta. 

Tu interea locus cog- 
nosco. 

Volo s ne intermitto, 
quoad is facio possum, 
scribo ad ego. 

Postridie is dies Cae- 
sar Bibracte eo con tend o. 

Pridie is dies Germa- 
nus retineo non possum*. 

Lynx omnis quadrupes 
cerno acute. 

Hie ad tu parum omnis 
pertineo. 

Sulpicius Gallus magis 
omnis nobilis Graecus lit— 
eras' studeo. 



° lit. of their own right. b § 247. c § 9, 2d paragraph. d fern. pi. 
e pi. f sin*, s § 227, °R. 5, N. 2. h lit. the most beautiful of things. 
i § 145, II." J § 239. * lit. of seeing. l § 260, II. (2) m § 223, R. 2, 
2d paragraph. n § 273, 1. ° In what mood must this verb be put? — = 
By what rule? p § 265. q lit. that we are unicilling, § 258, I. 1, (2.) 
r § 229. 8 § 260, II. R. 4. « § 223. M § 260, II. v nom. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

Of animals 11 , some h are defended with hides'*, some clothed 6 
with shaggy fleeces^ some bristled g with spines ; we see 
some covered 71 with plumage 1 , others with scales K Of all 



82 GENITIVE AFTER PARTITIVES. § 212. 

unions* ', none is more excellent*, none more firm, than when 
good men, of similar character 771 , are united" in intimate 
friendship . There are two approaches from Syria into 
Cilicia, each of which 9 on account of (its) narrowness^, can 
be blocked up 9 by small garrisons 7 ". He was the worst of 
you 8 all, because he enticed* (you) into a crime". No one 
of us s is the same in old age, as 7 " (he) was (when) a youth. 
It is uncertain how long the life of each of us s will be w . 
The Roman power* was so y strong 3 , that it was amatclr™, in 
war, for any one hb of the neighboring 00 states. The greatest 
of benefits are (those) which we receive^ from (our) ee pa- 
rents, while we are either unconscious ff or unwilling**. The 
city (of) Syracuse is the largest and most beautiful of all the 
Grecian cities. Those of the Greek orators who flourished 7 ' * 
at Athens are the most eminent 1 ; of these Demosthenes is 
unquestionably" the first jJ . 

a animans. b alius. c tego. ^corium. * vestio. / a shaggy 
fleece, villus. g hirsutus. h obduco. « pluma, sing. J squama, sing. 
k societas. l praestans. m lit. similar in manners, "conjungo, perf. 

intimate friendship, familiarltas. p angustia, pi. q prsecludo. r pre- 
sidium. * § 212, R. 2, N. 2. t illicio. * fraus, v qui, § 207, R. 27. 
w § 265. x res. y adeo. z validus. aa par. bb quill bet. cc finitimus. 
^accinio. ee § 207, R. 36, 3d paragraph, ff nescio, lit. know (it) 
not. ss nolo. hh sum. ix facile. JJ princeps. 

R. 3. Caesar devoted" (only) so much time to these things, 
as 6 (it) was necessary for (one to do who was) in haste d . 
There was (only) so much space left 6 between the two lines f , 
as" would be sufficient 71 for' the onset ; of both* armies. As 
much money (as) each one keeps 7 - in his chest, so much cred- 
it 111 he has. Anaxagoras, when upon his death-bed n at Lamp- 
sacus , replied^ to his friends, who asked 9 (him) whether 7 ", 
in case of his decease 5 , he wished* to be carried" to his na- 
tive place", Clazomenre : " There is no necessity 7 "; there is 
from every place* as ready a passage y to the lower world*". 
The Romans stood in battle-array aa from sunrise 66 until cc 
late dd in the day. The Ubii promise 65 to give more hostages, 
if Cresar wishes 7 -^. I was departing** from Athens 7171 , when 

1 delivered" this letter jj for t7< you. 

° tribuo. b quantum. c necesse. d in hast e, properans. • relin- 
quo. /acies. s ut. h satis. i ad. J concursus. * uterque. l servo. 
m fides. n lit. when he teas dying. ° § 221, I. p inquam. f who 
ashed, lit. asking. r ne annexed to the verb. 8 lit. if any thing should 
happen to him, § 266. 2, R. 4. ■ § 265. u affero. * patria. w no nc* 



§ 213. GENITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 83 

ccssity, nihil necesse. x from every place, undique. y as ready a pas- 
sage, tantundem vise. z loxoer world, inferi. aa acies. hh § 274, R. 5. 
cc in. dd multus. ee polliceor. -^§261,2. ^proficiscor. hh § 255. 
** do. J J pi. kk ad. 

The Gauls were proposing this consolation 0, to themselves, 
that (they) should soon 6 recover (what they had) lost. 
Hannibal ravaged** (that) territory which 6 is (situated) be- 
tween the city (of) Cortona and lake Trasimenus. Fla- 
minius, having passed f the defiles 3 ', saw' 1 only that (part) of 
the enemy 1 which was in front- 7 '. Words have hitherto k been 
of no avail z . I give to you the same counsel as™ to myself. 
What is the reason 71 why (those) conversant with Greek lit- 
erature p ? read the Latin poets, (but) do not read the philoso- 
phers 1 Exercise and temperance can 9 preserve*", even to s 
old age, some (portion) of the original' vigor". The colo- 
nists taken* to Capua, when they were breaking up™ the very 
ancient* sepulchres for building^ their farm-houses 2 ", found a 
considerable quantity 0,0, of vases bb , of ancient ° workman- 
ship^. 

a solatium. h celeriter. c recupero, § 272. d pervasto. e lit. 
what territory. f supero. e angustise, § 257, R. 5. * conspicio. 
* pi. i in front, ex adverso. * ad id locorum. l of no avail, vanus. 
m qui. n causa. ° eruditus. * liters, § 250. 9 § 209, R. 12, (2.) 
r conserve, § 271. s in, with abl. l p'ristinus. u robur. v dedu- 
co. w to break up, disjicio. x vetus. y exstruo, § 275, III. R. 3. 
x villa. aa a considerable quantity, aliquantum. bb vasculum. 
cc antlquus. dd opus. 



GENITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 

<§> 213. A noun limiting the meaning of an adjec- 
tive, is put in the genitive, to denote the relations ex- 
pressed in English by of, or in respect of 

A mind conscious of rectitude Conscius mens rectus 

laughs at the falsehoods of scan- fama mendacium rideo. 
dal. 

Pompey informed me of his de- Pompeius ego certus* 

siorri. sui consilium facio. 

Ser. Sulpicius was not more Ser. Sulpicius non ma- 
skilful in law, than in justice. gis jus consultus, quam 

justitia sum. 



84 



GENITIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 



213. 



The soldiers of Sulla, remem- 
bering their ancient rapine and 
victory, were eager for civil war. 

Conon was expert in military 
affairs. 

In Plato, Socrates feigns him- 
self ignorant of every thing. 

The philosophers of Cyrene 
commended virtue on this ac- 
count, that it was conducive to 
pleasure. 

What servant (is) more fond 
of his master, than (is) the dog ? 

The route, by which all were 
accustomed to travel, was rich, 
and abounding in every thing. 

Pyrrhus was skilful in war, and 
passionately fond of nothing ex- 
cept sole and perpetual power. 

Man alone is partaker of rea- 
son and thought, of which all oth- 
er animals are destitute. 

Pompey was almost free from 
all faults. 

Alexander was by no means 
unskilled in managing the minds 
of soldiers. 



Miles SuW&nu s,rajri?ia b 
et victoria vetus memor, 
civllis bellum exopto. 

Conon sum prudens 
res c militaris. 

Apud Plato, Socrates 
sui omnis res b inscius 
fingo. 

Cyrenalcus philoso- 
phus virtus ob is res lau- 
do, quod efficiens sum'* 
voluptas. 

Quis famulus amans 
dominus, quam canis. 

Via, qui omnis com- 
meo e , sum copiosus, om- 
nisque res abandans. 

Pyrrhus bellum peritus 
sum, et nullus res cupidus 
nisi singularis perpetuus- 
que imperium. 

Homo solus sum par- 
ticeps ratio et cogitatio, 
qui ceterus animal sum 
omnis eipers. 

Pompeius paene omnis 
vitium expers sum 6 . 

Alexander sum haud- 
quaquam rudis tracto f 
militaris animus. 



R. 1. 



comp. b pi. c sing. d § 2CG, 3. 



145. II. 1. /§ 275, III, 



English to be turned into Latin, 

The Romans, that* they might more quickly 6 become* 
possessed* of the victory , considered 6 this, what was 7 the 
method" of transporting 71 the goddess of Pesslnus* to Rome. 
Maroboduus did not permit- 7 Italy to be indifferent k to his 
aggrandizement 1 . Epaminondas was so observant 171 of truth, 
that he did not utter a falsehood" even in jest . Darius, wn- 



§ 214. GENITIVE AFTER VERBS SUM, &>C. 85 

able to hear* the truth, ordered a guest and a suppliant, at 
that very moment 9 giving him very useful advice 7 ", to be 
dragged away* to capital punishment'. Our age" is not so w 
barren* of virtue, as* not to have produced 27 good examples 
also*. Gaul was so v fertile of produce" a and men, that the 
abundant population 66 seemed scarcely capable of being con- 
trolled cc . Cicero grieved dd because** he had lost by death 
Hortensius. the partner ff of (his) glorious labor. The 
island (of) Pharos is not capable of containing 1 rr -'a large 
city. We are, by nature, most tenacious of those (things) 
which we learn /l/l in our inexperienced" years. 

a quo. h mature. c fio. d compos. e co^ito, § 209, R. 5. 
/ § 265. * ratio. * § 275, II. * Pessirmntius, § 21 I, R. 4. 1 pa- 
tior, § 145, II. * securus. l incrementum. m diligens. n to utter 
a falsehood, mentior. ° § 247. p unable to bear, impatiens. . q at 
that very moment, tunc. r to give very useful advice, maxime utilia 
suadeo. s abstraho. f supplicium. u sesculum. * adeo. w ster- 
llis. x § 262, R. 1. y prodo. z et. aa frux. bb multitude 
cc to be capable of being controlled, regi possum. dd doleo, § 145, II. 
ee quod. // consors. ee capable of containing, capax. hh percipio. 
ii rudis. 



GENITIVE AFTER VERBS. 

<§> 214. Sum, and verbs of valuing, are followed by 
a genitive, denoting degree of estimation. 

The Romans did not allow the Romanus transalplnus 

nations beyond the Alps to plant gens olea et vitis sero 

the olive and the vine, that the non sino, quo plus sum 

olive-yards and vineyards of Italy Italia olivetum vinea- 

might be of more value. que. 

Cato, leaving Africa, took (with Ex Africa discedens 

him) the poet Ennius, which I Cato, Ennius poeta dedu- 

value not less than any Sardinian co, qui non parvus cesti- 

triumph whatever. mo quam quilibet Sar- 

diniensis triumphus. 

It has been well said, that the Tantus sum exercitus, 

value of an army depends on that quantus imperator, vere 

of the general. prodo. 

Canius, an eager and rich man, Emo Canius, homo 

bought the gardens for as much cupidus et locuples, tan- 

as Pythius wished, and on the tus hortus, quantus Pythi- 



86 



GENITIVE AFTER VERBS SUM, &,C. 



§214. 



following day, invites his friends. 

It is most disgraceful to think 
what seems useful of more value 
than what is virtuous. 

Now that I know the price 
which you will give 6 , I will rather 
bring forward a bidder, than that 
it should be sold for less. 

R. 2. It makes a great differ- 
ence how fathers, pedagogues, and 
even mothers, speak, whom each 
one hears daily at home. 

N. 1. Consul is (derived) from 
consulting or judging, whence this 
(form) still remains : " He asks 
that you will consider as good," 
that is, that you will judge good. 

N. 2. If shrewd valuers of 
things value at a high (price) cer- 
tain fields and meadows, how 
highly ought virtue to be valued? 

N. 3. Whether a pilot upsets a 
ship (laden) with gold or chaff, 
makes some little difference in 
the (thing itself;) none in the ig- 
norance of the pilot. 

Alexander, having struggled 
but a short time with the knots, 
said, " It matters nothing how it 
is untied," and cut the thongs 
with his sword. 



us volo, invitSque pos- 
tridie amicus suus. 

Plus puto qui utilisvi- 
deor a , quam qui hones- 
tus, turpis sum. 

Nunc quum tuus pre- 
tium nosco c , licitator po- 
tius appono quam ille r 
parvus, veneo. 

Magnus interest qui 
quisque audio* quotidie 
domus e quemadmodum 
pater, pedagogus, mater 
etiam loquor-^. 

Consul sum a consulo 
vel a judico; unde ad- 
huc remaneo ille^: " Ro- 
go, bonum consulo h " is 
sum,. bonum { judico. 

Si callidus res sestima- 
tor pratum et area quidam 
magnus cestimo ; quantus 
sum aestimo-* virtus? 

Aurum* navis everto-^ 
gubernator an palea fr , in 
res aliquantulum, in gu- 
bernator inscientia nihil 
interest. 

Alexander, nequaquam 
diu luctor cum nodus, 
" Nihil" inquam, inter- 
est quomodo solvo 7 ," gla- 
diusque rumpo lorum. 



° § 266,3. h lit.nowsincelknoicyourprice. c § 183, 3, N. d § 266, 
1. '§221,1. R. 3. /§265. * neut. * § 262, R. 4. '§230. 
i § 274, R. 8. * gen. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I see what* a storm of popular odium 6 impends over c me*, 
if he shall resolve 6 to go into exile ; but it is worth my while* , 
provided 5, that* be* (my) private calamity (alone.) Epicu- 



§ 215. GENITIVE AFTER VERBS MISEREOR, &,C. 87 

rus makes nothing of pain j ; for he says, that if he were 
burned*, he should say', " How pleasant this is ! " If any 
one now pay only the same house-rent™ as n the augur iEmil- 
ius Lepidus, one hundred and fifty years ago°, he is scarcely 
acknowledged as a senator. What is necessary^ is well pur- 
chased, at whatever price 9 . The dangers of death and of 
exile (are) to be little regarded 7 '. A wise man values 8 pleas- 
ure very little, and esteems no possession more than virtue. 

a quantus. b popular odium, invidia. c § 265. d § 224. e to 
resolve, induco anlmum. f lit. it is to me of so great (value.) s dum- 
modo. * iste. * § 263, 2. i § 229. * uro, pres. l § 270, R. 3, last 
clause. m to pay so much house-rent, hablto tanti. n § 206, (16.) 
° abhinc, placed before the numerals. p necesse. q at whatever price } 
quanti quanti. r duco, § 274, R. 8. s facio. 



<§> 215. Misereor, miseresco, and the impersonate, 
miseret, pcenitet, pudet, t&det, and piget, are followed by 
a genitive of the object in respect to which the feeling 
is exercised. 

I am not only grieved at my Ego a non solum piget 
folly, but ashamed of (it.) stultitia meus, verum 

etiam pudet. 

We pity more those who do Is ego a magis miseret, 
not claim our compassion, than qui noster misericordia 
those who demand it. non requiro, quam qui ille 

efflagito. 

Atticus never became weary Nunquam Atticus" sus- 
of any business which he had un- ceptus negotium pertce- 
dertaken. sum est. 

Pity ye the Arcadian king. Tu Arcadius miseresco 

rex. 

(2.) Socrates had enough of Socrates ira b et moles- 
female petulance and vexations tia muliebris per dies per- 
day and night. que nox satdgo\ 

. a § 229, R. 6. h pi. c imp. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

I am quite* weary h of life, every (thing) is so full of mis- 
ery*. You wished for e decemvirs ; the senate allowed (them) 



88 GENITIVE AFTER VERBS RECORDOR, &C. § 216. 

to be created : you were weary f of the decemvirs ; the senate 
compelled (them) to quit 5, the magistracy^. 

° prorsus. b taedet. c omnis, pi. d pi. t to wish for, desidero. 
/ pertaesum est. s abeo. h § 242. 



$ 216. Recorder, meniini, reininiscor, and obliviscor, 
are followed by a genitive or accusative of the object 
remembered or forgotten. 

The leader of the Helvetii ex- Helvetius dux Caesar 

horted Caesar to remember both hortor, ut reminiscor* et 

the former discomfiture of the vetus incommodum h popii- 

Roman people, and the ancient lus Romanus et pristlnus 

valor of the Helvetii. virtus Helvetius. 

A wicked man will, some time Homo improbus ali- 

or other, remember with sorrow quando cum dolor fa- 

his criminal deeds. gitium 1 , suus recordor. 

Caesar exhorted the ^Edui to Cohortor Caesar iEdu- 

forget (their) controversies and us, ut controversial ac 

dissensions. dissensio obliviscor. 

I have wholly forgotten myself. Prorsus obliviscor ego h . 

Always remember this, that the Ule c semper memini ; 

wise man, who cannot benefit qui ipse d sui e sapiens pro- 

himself, is wise to no purpose. sum nequeo nequicquam 

sapio. 
« § 262. * gen. e ace. * § 207, R. 28. e § 224. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

All (men) cannot be Scipios or Fabii, (so) as° to call to 
mind 1 the capture of cities, engagements' 1 by land e or sea-^, 
and triumphs. Curio suddenly forgot his whole cause 8 ', and 
said that it' 1 had happened* through the magic arts ; and en- 
chantments* of Titinia. God himself commands thee to re- 
member 1 death 111 . A good man should forget all injuries" 1 . 
In sleep 71 , the mind remembers (things) past , perceives 
(things) present, and foresees (things) future. It is the 
part^ of folly to perceive 5 the faults of others, and to forget 
(one's) own T . 

° § 262, R. 1, 2d paragraph, last clause. h to call to mind, recordor. 
c expugnatio, ace. pi. «* pugna. e by land, pedester. / by sea, na- 



§ 217. GENITIVE AFTER VERBS OF ACCUSING, &.C. 



89 



valis. g ace. h is, § 206, (13.) f fio, § 272. J magic arts, venefi- 
ciurn. k cantio. ' § 183, 3 N. m gen. n § 253. ° prsetereo, gen. 
p proprius, § 222, R. 2. q cerno. r suus. 

§217. Verbs of accusing, convicting, condemning, 
and acquitting, are followed by a genitive denoting the 
crime. 



Thrasybulus proposed a law, 
that no one should be accused 
nor fined for things previously 
done. 

Some persons, if they have 
spoken rather cheerfully in afflic- 
tion, charge themselves with a 
crime, because they have inter- 
mitted grieving. 

The judges were so provoked 
with the answer of Socrates, that 
they capitally condemned a most 
innocent man. 

Coelius, the judge, acquitted of 
injury him who had libelled the 
poet Lucilius, by name, upon the 
stage. 

You have brought yourself to 
such a situation, that, before you 
convict me of a change of judg- 
ment, you confess yourself to be 
convicted, by your own judgment, 
of the greatest negligence. 



Thrasybulus lex fero, 
ne quis ante actus res ac~ 
cuso neve multo. 

Quidam, si in luctus 
hilare* loquor, pecedtum 
sui insimulo, quod doleo 
intermitto 6 . 

Socrates responsum* 
sic judex exardesco, ut 
caput homo d innocens 
condemno. 

Ccelius judex absolvo 
injuria 6 is, qui Lucilius 
poeta in scena nominatim 
laedo. 

In is locus tu deduco, 
ut, antequam ego cora- 
mutatus judicium co- 
arguo-f, tu superus negli- 
gentia, tuus judicium, 
convinco s fateor. 



a § 256, R. 9, 2d paragraph. h § 266, 3. 
/§263,3. s perf. 



§247. <*§229. 'pi. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

The informed accused b of treason Apuleia Varilia, grand- 
daughter of the sister of Augustus**. Caesar accused of ex- 
tortion 6 Cornelius Dolabella, a man of consular dignity f , and 
one who had enjoyed a triumph^. These two (things) cow- 
vict h most persons of inconstancy 1 and weakness J ; if they 
8* 



90 GENITIVE AFTER VERBS OF ADMONISHING, &LC. § 218. 

either despise 4 a friend in prosperity*, or desert (him) in 
adversity 7 ' 1 . 

a delator. b arcesso. c majestas. d Begin this sentence with the 
accusative and end with the subject and verb. e to accuse of extortion , 
postuto repetundarum. / of consular dignity, consularis. e one icho 
has enjoyed a triumph, triumphalis. Begin %oith the subject and end 
with the genitive and verb. h convinco. * levitas. i infirmitas. 
* contemno. l prosperity, bonse res. m adversity, malae (res.) 

§ 218. Verbs of admonishing are followed by a 
genitive denoting that in respect to which the admo- 
nition is given. 

Caecina admonishes (his) sol- Caecina miles tempus 

diers respecting their difficulties ac necessitas moneo. 
and perilous circumstances. 

Misfortunes reminded (them) of Res adversus admoneo 

religious rites. religio. 

We remind grammarians of Grammaticus officium 

their duty. suus commoneo. 

Jugurtha, according as he had Jugurtha vintim, uti 

distinguished each one, reminded quisque efTero, commone- 

(them) individually of his favor. facto heneftcium suus. 

This defence there is no one Qui defensio nemo 

in Sicily who does not possess sum in Sicilia, quin ha- 

and read, and who is not remind- beo, quin lego, quin 

ed by that oration of your crime tuus scelus et crudelitas 

and cruelty. ex ille oratio commo- 



nef\ 



to . 



English to be turned into Latin, 

I admonish* scholars 5 of this one c (thing,) that they love* 
their teachers 6 not less than their studies / . I will advise^ 
you also someivhat h - respecting' our precautions^. We are 
warned g of many (things) by prodigies*, of many in the 
entrails (of victims.) I beg z (you) to admonish" 1 Terentia 
respecting 1 (her) will. This ring reminded" 1 me of Piso. 

tt moneo. & discipulus. c ace. R. 1. d § 273,2. e prasceptor. 
/ lit the studies themselves. e admoneo. h allquis, R. 1. * de, R. 1, 
J cautio, * ostentum. l oro, § 273, 2. m commoneo. 



§220. 



GENITIVE AFTER CERTAIN VERBS. 



91 



<§> 219. Refert and interest are followed by a geni- 
tive of the person or thing whose concern or interest 
they denote. 



It was more for the interest of 
the republic, that a Ligurian for- 
tress should be taken, than that 
the cause of M. Curius should 
be well defended. 

I will show how much it con- 
cerns the common safety, that 
there should be two consuls in 
the state. 

R. 1. We inform (our) absent 
(friends) by letter, if there is any 
thing which it concerns either us 
or themselves that they should 
know. 

This very much concerns you, 
O judges, that the causes of re- 
spectable men should not be esti- 
mated by the enmity or falsehood 
of witnesses. 



Plus inter sum respub- 
lica castellum capio a Li- 
gur & , quam bene defendo c 
causa M. Curius. 

Ostendo quantus* sa- 
lus communis inter sum, 
duo consul in respublica 
sum*. 

Epistola certus* facio 
absens, si quis sum, qui 
is-f scio aut noster aut 
ipse inter sum. 

Vester, judex, hie max- 
lme inter sum, non ex si- 
multas aut levitas testis 
causa honestus homo 
pondero. 



a § 269. 
/ § 239. 



b gen. pi. e § 278. d § 232, (2,) last paragraph. e comp. 



GENITIVE AFTER CERTAIN VERBS. 

§ 220. Many verbs, which are usually otherwise 
construed, are sometimes followed by a genitive. 



1. The horse, dismayed at the 
serpent, pants for breath. 

I did not hear sufficiently, nor 
yet did (the nature) of (their) . 
conversation escape me. 

2. Refrain from anger and 
fierce contention. 

Cease at length from tender 
complaints. 



Anhelo attonitus ser- 
pens equus. 

Nee satis exaudio*, 
nee sermo fallo h tamen. 

Abstineo ira cali- 
dusque rixa. 

Desino mollis tandem 
querela. 



GENITIVE OF PLACE. 



§221. 



It is time to give over the battle. 
He communicates his plans to 
his father's servant. 

3. The prison had now been 
filled with merchants. 

The earth swarms with wild 
beasts. 

These things make me weary 
of life. 

Now you relieve me from all 
labors. 

4. Cleanihes, the Stoic, is of 
opinion that the sun rules, and 
holds the supreme power. 

Ser. Galba obtained the su- 
preme command by arms. 

The Helvetians were hoping 
that, by means of three very pow- 
erful nations, they should obtain 
the command of all Gaul. 



Tempus desist o pugna. 

Paternus servus suus 
participo consilium, 

Compleo jam meredtor 
career. 

Terra fera scato. 

Hie res vita ego sat- 
uro. 

Ego omnis jam labor 
levo. 

Cleanthes Stoicus sol 
dominor et res potior 
puto. 

Arma Ser. Galba res d 
adipiscor. 

Helvetii per tres potens 
popiilus tot us Gallia sui 
potior possum spero. 



' imp. 



' pass. * pi. d gen. pi. 



GENITIVE OF PLACE. 



$ 221. The name of a town in which any thing is 
said to be, or to be done, if of the first or second declen- 
sion and singular number, is put in the genitive. 



Artemisia, the wife of Mau- 
solus, king of Caria, made that 
noble sepulchre at Halicarnassus. 

There are often such varieties 
in the weather, that it is different 
at Rome and at Tusculum. 

Paulus iEmilius went to the 
temple of Jupiter Trophonius at 
Lebadia. 

The expectation of letters de- 
tains me at Thessalonica. 



Artemisia, Mausolus, 
Caria rex, uxor, nobilis 
ille Halicarnassus facio 
sepulchrum. 

Tempestas tantus dis- 
similitudo ssepe sum, ut 
alius Tusculum , alius 
Roma sum. 

Paulus iEmilius Leba- 
di a templum Jupiter Tro- 
phonius adeo. 

Ego literae expectatio 
Thessalonica teneo. 



§221. 



GENITIVE OF FLACE. 



93 



Dionysius taught children at 
Corinth. 

I seem to be at Rome when I 
am reading your letters. 

R. 1. Conon resided for the 
most part in Cyprus, Iphicrates 
in Thrace, Timotheus in Lesbos, 
Chares in Sigeum. 

Miltiades had (his) home in 
Chersonesus. 

(I) was not allowed to stay at 
Malta! 

R. 2. At Tarsus, a city of 
Cilicia, is a river named the 
Cydnus. 

The Greeks, having heard of 
the flight of the king, resolved to 
break down the bridge which he 
had made at Abydus. 

R. 3. Tullus Hostilius thought 
that the bodies of the youths would 
be more healthy in service than at 
home. 

The saying of Plato is too 
sublime for us, lying on the 
earth, to look up to it. 

Clodius was caught at Caesar's 
house. 



Dionysius Corinthus 
puer doceo. 

Roma videor sum cum 
tuus literas lego. 

Conon multum Cyprus 
vivo, Iphicrates in Thra- 
cia, Timotheus Lesbos, 
Chares in Sigeum. 

Miltiades domus Cher- 
sonesus habeo*. 

Melita sum non licet*. 

Cilicia ci vitas Tarsus 
flumen sum nomen 6 Cyd- 
nus. 

Grsecus, auditus rex fu- 
ga c , consilium ineo pons 
interrumpo d qui ille Aby- 
dus facio. 

Credo Tullus Hostilius 
saluber militia quam do- 
mus juvenis corpus fore. 

Plato vox altus* sum 
quam ut is/ ego, humus 
stratus, suspicio possum. 

Clodius deprehendo 
domus Caesar. 



a imp. * § 250. c § 257, R. 5. d § 275, II. * § 256, R. 9, last 
clause, f § 229. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

In war, Lgelius honored* Scipio as a god ; at home, Scipio 
venerated 6 Lselius as a parent . The mother of Darius 4 , when 
the news 6 of-^ Alexander's death was brought^ (to her,) put 
on A mourning*, and, tearing- 7 (her) hair fc , threw' her body on 
the ground 111 . Hercules is honored" most at Tyre. 

a colo. b observo. c lit. in place of a parent. d § 279, 10. * fama. 
/ de. e perfero, § 257, R. 1. h sumo. ' vestis lugubris. / lacSro. 
* crinis, § 157, R. 5 l abjicio. m end with accusative and verb. 



94 



DATIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 



§222 



DATIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 

§ 222. A noun limiting the meaning of an adjec- 
tive, is put in the dative, to denote the object or end to 
which the quality is directed. 



The Jugurthine war was car- 
ried on by CI. Metellus, second 
to no (man) of his age. 

Q,. Catulus said that Pompey 
was indeed an illustrious man, 
but already too great for a free 
state. 

The Lacedaemonians were 
wont to consider rather c what 
was useful to their own rule, 
than to the whole of Greece. 

The degrees of honor are 
equal to the highest and lowest 
men; (those of) glory unequal. 

Nothing is more suitable to the 
nature of man than beneficence 
and liberality. 

Who (is) dearer to a brother 
than a brother? 

Death is common to every age. 

I see not why the son might 
not have been like the father. 

His death was correspondent 
to a life spent in the most virtu- 
ous and honorable manner. 

I think it necessary for me to 
philosophize. 

You have done (what is) very 
agreeable to me, in sending me 
Serapion's book. 

\our discourse against Epi- 
curus was pleasing to our (friend) 
Balbus. 



Bellum Jugurthlnus 
gero per Q,. Sletellus , 
nullus secundus saeculum 
suus. 

Q,. Catulus dico sum 
quidem preeclarus vir 6 
Pompeius, sed nimius jam 
liber respublica. 

Lacedgemonius is po- 
tius intueor, quis ipse 
dominatio, quam quis uni- 
versus Grcecia utilis sum d . 

Honor 6 gradus superus 
homo et infer us sum par ; 
gloria dispar. 

Beneficentia 7 ac libe- 
ralitas nihil sum natura 
homo accommoddtus. 

Quis amicus frater 
quam frater ? 

Mors communis sum 
omnis cetas. 

Non video cur filius 
non pater similis sum 
possum d . 

Is mors consentaneus 
vita sum sancte honeste- 
que actus. 

Ego philosophor arbi- 
tror necesse sum. 

Facio ego pergrdtus, 
quod° Serapion liber ad 
ego mitto. 

Jucundus Balbus nos- 
ter sermo tuus contra 
Epicurus sum. 



§222. 



DATIVE AFTER ADJECTIVES. 



95 



Antony is equal to Catiline in 
wickedness. 

The enemy is at Cyrrhestica, 
which part of Syria is adjoining 
to my province. 

Why have you been so familiar 
with him, as to lend him money ? 

I fear lest the name of philoso- 
phy may be hateful to some good 
men. 

Men can be very useful to 
men. 

R. 1. The defeat of the Athe- 
nians happened, not by the valor 
of their adversaries, but by their 
own insubordination; because, 
not obeying their commanders, 
they wandered about the fields. 

Let the overseer be obedient to 
(his) master. 

R. 2. Thou art like thy master. 

The investigation of truth is 
peculiar to man. 

This is indeed common to all 
the philosophers. 

The family of D. Brutus was 
not averse to the design. 

R. 3. I am conscious of no 
offence. 

R. 4. I spend all (my) time in 
these studies, that I may be the 
better prepared for practice in 
the forum. 

R. 5. Jugurtha stations his 
foot-soldiers nearer the mountain. 

The Ubii live nearest to the 
Rhine. 

R. 6. This accorded with the 
letters which I had received at 
Rome. 

Often you appeared somewhat 
impudent, which is very foreign 
from your true character. 



Antonius scelus 71 par 
sum Catilina. 

Hostis sum in Cyr- 
rhestica, qui Syria pars 
propior sum provincia 
noster. 

Cur tam familiaris hie 
sum, ut aurum commodo? 

Vereor, ne quidam bo- 
nus vir philosophia no- 
men sum invisus. 

Homo homo maxime 
utilis sum possum. 

Clades Atheniensis 
non hostis virtus sed 
ipse immodestia accido ; 
quod non dictum audiens 
imperdtor suus dispalor 
in ager. 

Villicus dominus dic- 
tum audiens sum'. 

Dominus similis sum. 

Inquisitio verum sum 
proprius homo. 

Hie quidem communis 
sum omnis philosophus. 

Domus D. Brutus non 
alienus consilium sum. 

Ego nullus noxa j con- 
scius sum. 

Ego omnis tempus in 
hie studium consumo, 
quo pardtus ad usus fo- 
rensis sum possum*. 

Jugurtha propior mons 
pedes colloco. 

Ubii propior Rhenus 
incolo. 

Is sum consentaneus 
cum is literce, qui ego 
Roma accipio. 

Saepe, qui* a tu alienus 
sum, subimpiidens videor. 



96 DATIVE AFTER VERBS. § 223. 

R. 7. Homer has sunk to the Homerus idem alius 
same repose as others. sopio 7 * quies n . 

a § 247, R. 4. & § 210. c lit. this rather. * § 265. e pi. / § 256. 
*§273, 6. *§250. i § 260, 11. 6. J § 213. * § 262. '§206,(13.) 
m pass. 1l § 249. 



English to he turned into Latin, 

It is proper", first to be (one's) self 6 a good man, then to 
seek c another like one's self d . Agitation of mind is natural ' 
to us. Fame is never equal to thy labor. The system f of 
the Cynics is unfriendly 5 to modesty h , without which there 
can be nothing right, nothing virtuous*. It is easy for an 
innocent (man) to find words ; it is difficult for a miserable 
(man) to observe- 7 due bounds 1 * in (his) words*. The change 
of an inveterate habit 771 is disagreeable 71 to elderly (men.) 
Most p (persons) say that their own 9 dangers are nearer to 
them q than (those) of others. Reason is the peculiar 6 good 
of man; other (things) are common to Mm with the animals. 
Many punishments'' are not less disgraceful 8 to a prince, 
than many funerals to a physician. We wish to be rich, not 
for ourselves alone, but for our children, relatives 1 , friends, 
and, most of all", for the republic. 

a par. b (one's) self, ipse. c quaero. d one's self, sui, R. 2. e pro- 
prius. / ratio. B inimicus. h verecundia. i honestus. J teneo. 
k due bounds, modus. l gen. m mos. n gravis. ° comp. p ple- 
rusque. q § 208. r supplicium. s turpis. l propinquus. u most of 
all. maxime. 



DATIVE AFTER VERBS. 

§ 223. A noun, limiting the meaning of a verb, is 
put in the dative, to denote the object or end, to or for 
which any thing is, or is done. 

We ought to grant much to Trihuo multus senec- 

old age. tus debeo. 

Mithridates promised the king Mithridates polliceor 

that he would kill Datames, if the rex sui Datames" inter- 



$ 223. 



DATIVE AFTER VERBS. 



97 



king would allow him to do what 
he pleased. 

The high-priest committed to 
writing the events of every year, 
and exhibited the tablet at (his) 
house, that the people might have 
the means of becoming acquaint- 
ed (with them). 

Clisthenes intrusted the dowry 
of his daughters to the Samian 
Juno. 

You must be the servant of 
philosophy, that true liberty may 
be your portion- 7 '. 

Give attention to your health, 
to which hitherto, while you have 
been attending upon me, you have 
not had sufficient regard. 

Why do you yield, and give 
way to fortune ? 

Different duties are allotted to 
different ages. 

He did not perceive that he 
had given immortality to mortal 
things. 

Your (servant,) Nicanor, ren- 
ders me excellent service. 

A share of my trouble I impart 
to no one; of my glory to all 
good (men.) 

Verres paid nothing to the cities 
for corn. 

I have no one to whom I owe 
more than to you. 

R. 2. No man can serve pleas- 
ure and virtue at the same time. 

He will not resist anger, to 
whom nothing has ever been 
denied. 

It is established by nature, that 
9 



ficio 6 , si 25 rex permitto c , 
ut, quicunque volo d , licet* 
facio. 

Pontifex maximus res 
omnis singiilus annus 
mando f Uteres, et pro- 
pono / tabula domus, po- 
testas ut sum populus 
cognosco 5 ". 

Clisthenes Juno Sami- 
us fili a dos 71 credo. 

Philosophia servio* 
oportet, ut tu contingo 
verus libertas. 

Indulgeo valetudo tu- 
us, qui quidem tu adhuc, 
dum ego deservio, servio 
non satis. 

Cur succumbo, cedoque 
for tuna 1 

Officium non idem dis- 
par at as tribuo. 

Non sentio, sui res 
mortalis immortalitas do. 

Nicanor tuus opera 
ego do egregius. 

Onus meus pars nemo 
impertio ; gloria bonus 
omnis. 

Civitas pro frumentum 
Verres nihil solvo. 

Ego habeo qui plus 
quam tu debeo k nemo. 

Voluptas h i simul, et 
virtus nemo servio pos- 
sum. 

Non resisto ira 9 qui 
nihil unquam nego. 

Natura constituo*, ut 



93 DATIVE AFTER VERBS. § %%3* 

it is not lawful to injure another, non licet 6 suus commo- 

for the sake of one's own advan- dum causa 771 noceo alter, 
tage. 

Venus married Vulcan. Venus nubo Vulcdnus. 

Hannibal persuaded Antiochus Hannibal Antiochus 

to go with (his) armies into Italy, persuadeo, ut cum exer- 

citus in Italia proficiscor. 

(2.) Caesar directed that two Caesar duo acies hostis 

battalions should repel the enemy, propulso, tertius opus 

(and) the third should complete perficio jubeo. 
the work. 

a § 80, IV. * § 270, R. 3, last clause. e § 266, 3. * § 266, 1. 
• § 262. / § 145, II. 1. * § 275, III. R. 1, (1.) * pi. * § 262, R. 4. 
3 lit. may accrue to you. k § 264, 7. l perf. m § 247. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

If, after you have taken food, you seem to yourself* able 6 
to follow me, it is for you to determined The moderate 
and wise man will obey 6 the f old precept, and never 5 " either 
rejoice 71 or grieve immoderately*. Caesar demanded s ten 
hostages from the enemy. Nature has not been so hostile* 
and unfriendly to the human race' as 771 to have devised 11 so 
many salutary things for the body , but none for the mind°, 
I was not born for a single* 5 corner; this whole world is my 
native country 7 . Many, when they acquire*" wealth 5 , know 
not for whom, they acquire 1 , nor for whose sake* they labor*. 
Excessive" liberty issues v in excessive servitude, both for 
nations™ , and individuals* . (He) who wishes his virtue to 
be made public y , labors not for virtue, but for glory. 

a tu, § 132, 5th paragraph, last clause. h lit. to be able. c consequor. 
d it is for you to determine, tuum est consilium. * pareo. / 207, R. 24. 
e and never, neque before and unquam after the verb. h laetor. ■ ni- 
mis. 3 impero, with the accusative of the thing demanded. k infensus. 
* lit. the race of men. m § 262, R. 1. n invenio. ° pi. p unus. 
9 Put the predicate-nominative before the verb. r paro. s ops. * § 265. 
" nimius. v cado. w populus. x privatus. y to make public, publico. 
z causa, § 247. 

As a , if a house is 6 beautiful, we understand' that \X d has 
been built for its owners 6 , not for the mice, so- 7 " we ought 5 to 
think' 1 (this) world the dwelling* of the gods. Caesar more 
readily' promised the soldiers of Antony* life and pardon, 



§ 224. DATIVE AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. 99 

than they 1 were persuaded™ to implore" them . Young men 
shou3d r aim at p great (objects,) and strive 9 for r them with 
undiverted 8 zeal', which" they will do with so much" firmer 
a mind, because that age 1 is not only" not envied™, but* 
even favored™. Men chiefly 2 ' envy (their) equals or inferi- 
ors; but* even superiors are sometimes " 1 envied™. I was 
never less pleased with myself hh than yesterday^, for, in 
complying with the wishes^ of young men ee , I forgot that I 
was an old man. / was pleased with my edict ff , he with his. 

° ut. b § 261, 2. c intelltgo. d § 239. e domlnus. / sic. g de- 
beo. h existimo. l § 230. i cito. k Antonianus, § 211, R. 4. 
1 § 223, R. 2, "3d paragraph, last clause, & § 234, I. N. 2d paragraph. 
m pass, impers. § 184, 2. n precor, lit. that they should implore. 

° § 205. R. 2, (2.) p to aim at, specto. 9 contendo. r ad. s rectus. 
* studium. u § 206, (13.) v eo, § 256, R. 16. w modo. * verum. 
y maxlme. z sed. aa aliquando. bb lit. pleased myself, placeo. 
cc § 253. dd to comply with the wishes, obsequor. ee lit. who, while I 
yield to young men, for got, fyc. ff lit. my edict pleased me, <^c. 



§ 224. Many verbs compounded with these eleven 
prepositions, ad, ante, con, in, inter, oh, post, prce, pro, 
sub, and super, are followed by the dative. 

New names are to be given to Impono 0, novus novus 

new things. res nomen. 

M. Antony imposed laws on M. Antonius lex civitas 

the state by violence. per vis 6 impono. 

Men do very much good and Homo multum homo et 

harm to men. prosum et obsum. 

Nothing flourishes forever ; age Nihil semper floreo : 

succeeds to age. aetas succedo cttas. 

Antony was desirous of placing Ccesar diadema impo- 

a diadem on Caesar. no volo Antonius. 

Many and various kinds of Multus et varius im- 

death hang over mankind. pendeo homo genus mors. 

There is in youth the greatest Adolescentia insum 

weakness of judgment. magnus judicium imbe- 

cillitas. 

These adjoining gardens bring Plato iile hortiilus pro- 

the memory of Plato to my mind, pinquus memoria ego of- 
fer o. 



100 



DATIVE AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. 



§224. 



This I cannot commend, that 
Pompey did not relieve such men. 

My books, my studies, my 
learning, are now of no service 
to me. 

The poets make a rock hang 
over Tantalus in the shades he- 
low. 

On this account only you think 
you ought to be preferred to me. 

The spear of Caesar gives both 
hope and confidence to many 
wicked (men.) 

I prefer not the death of Epam- 
inondas or Leonidas to the death 
of this (man.) 

Consider Democritus, Pythag- 
oras, Anaxagoras ! What king- 
doms, what riches will you prefer 
to their studies and pleasures ? 

As long as you laid plots 
against me, (being) consul-elect, 
I defended myself by my own 
care, not by a public guard. 

Let the boy rise up to his 
elders. 

A poet does wrong when he 
attributes a virtuous speech to a 
worthless man ; or to a fool (the 
speech) of a wise man. 

Who can prefer unknown per- 
sons to known, impious to reli- 
gious? 

It does not suit the character 
of a good man to do one (thing) 
publicly and another secretly. 

H. 1. He is libera], who takes 
from himself what he gives to 
another. 

R. 2. Caesar wrested (his) 



Hie, quod talis vir 
Pompeius non subve?iio, 
laudo non possum. 

Nunc ego nihil* 7 liber, 
nihil literae, nihil doctrlna 
prosum. 

Poeta impendeo apud 
inferi saxum Tantalus 
facio. 

Hie unus res^ tu ego 
antefero puto oportet. 

Hasta Caesar rnultus 
improbus et spes affero et 
audacia. 

Non ego Epaminon- 
das, non Leonidas mors 
hie mors antepono. 

Confero Democritus, 
Pythagoras, Anaxagoras! 
Qui regnum, qui opes 
studium is et delectatio 
antepono ? 

Quamdiu ego, consul 
designatus, insidior, non 
publicus ego presidium 
sed privatus diligentia 
defendo. 

Puer major es assurgo*. 

Pecco poeta, quum 
probus oratio affingo im- 
probus, stultusve f sapi- 
ens. 

Quis possum igndtus 
jiotus, impius religiosus 
antefero. 

Non convenit vir bo- 
nus alius palam alius ago 
secreto. 

Liberalis sum, qui, qui 
alter dono, sui detrdho. 

Caesar Deiotarus te- 



§ 224. 



DATIVE AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. 



101 



tetrarchy from Deiotarus, and 
gave it to some man of Per- 
gamus, a follower of his. 

What is wanting to this (man,) 
except property and virtue ? 

Brutus abrogated the authority 
of his colleague. 

Our ancestors intended that a 
patron should never be w T anting 
to any (even) the humblest in the 
Roman state. 

R. 3. The house of Agesilaus 
was furnished in such a manner, 
as to differ in no respect from 
any one belonging to a poor and 
private citizen. 

R. 4. Timotheus added the 
glory of learning to military re- 
nown. 

Compare our longest life with 
eternity. 

There are many circumstances 
in which good men make great 
sacrifices of their own conve- 
nience. 



trarchia eripio et assecla 
suus Pergamenus, nescio 
qui*, do. 

Q,uis hie absum. nisi 
res et virtus ? 

Brutus collega suus 
imperium abrogo. 

In civitas Romanus 
nemo unquam inferus 
majores noster patronus 
desum volo. 

Agesilaus domus sic 
sum instructus, ut nullus 
in res differo quivis inops^ 
atque privatus. 

Timotheus ad bellicus 
laus doctrina gloria adji- 
cio. 

Confero* noster longus 
vita cum ceternitas. 

Multus res sum, in qui 
vir bonus multus de suus 
commodum detrdho J . 



a § 274, R. 8. & § 247, R. 4. * § 234, II. * § 247. • § 260, R 6. 
/ § 279, 3, 3d paragraph. s lit to a Pergamenian, I know not whom. 
* gen. * § 162, 4. i lit. take much from. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



Those precepts sink* deeper \ which are impressed upon 
tender years . It is the characteristic^ of an angry (man) 
to desire 6 to inflict f as much pain as possible* on him by 
whom he thinks himself 1 injured 1 . The nose is so placed'' 
that it seems to be interposed 11 like* a wall between the eyes. 
Faults"* creep upon 71 us under the name of virtues. Alex- 
ander, as he was riding towards 9 the walls, was struck 5 
with an arrow; he took the town, however; and all its 
inhabitants being put to the sword 7 ', he vented his fury" even 
on the houses*. Manlius was less influenced 1 " by affection" 
9 * 



102 DATIVE AFTER COMPOUNDED VERBS. § 225. 

for his son", than the public good. Agesilaus preferred' a 
good reputation to the most wealthy^ kingdom. Vulcan is 
said* to have presided over aa a workshop™ at Lemnos cc . 

a descendo. b alte. c setas. d it is the characteristic, proprium est. 
fi cupio. / inuro. e as much as possible, quam maximus. h thinks 
himself, lit. he seems. * lsedo, § 210, R. 1, ? loco, perf. k interjicio. 
1 quasi. m vitium. n to creep upon, obrepo. ° dam. p to ride to- 
wards, obequito. q ico. r to put to the sioord, trucldo. * to vent one's 
fury, sasvio, pass, impers. l tectum. u to be less influenced, posthabeo. 
* ace. § 229. w gen. § 211. * prsepono. y opulens. z trado. aa to 
preside over, prsesum. bb fabrica. cc § 221, I. R. 1. 



We often put a ducks' eggs under hens, the young 6 born* 
from which* are at first fed fi by them f as by (their) mothers 7 . 
Marcellus, returning 3 " from Agrigentum\ came upon 1 the 
enemy j (who were) fortify ing fc (themselves.) 

R. 4. Snatch 1 us from (our) miseries ; snatch us from 
the jaws of those whose cruelty cannot be satiated m by our 
blood. The knowledge of philosophy is included" 1 in a per- 
fect orator ; eloquence is not, as a matter of course , included 
in philosophy. In India, a woman is placed along p with 
her husband 9 on the funeral pile T . 

a suppono. h pullus. c ortus. d § 246, R. 2. e alo. / § 248, I. 
g redeo, h § 255, R. 2. * to come upon, supervenio. J pi. k munio. 
1 eripio. m expleo. n to be included, insum. ° as a matter of course, 
continuo. p una. q vir. T funeral pile, rogus. 



§ 225. Verbs compounded with satis, bene, and 
male, are followed by the dative 

Naevius demanded of Cn. Dola- Nasvius a Cn. Dola- 

bella, the praetor, that duintius bella praetor postiilo, ut 

should give security to him that sui Quintius judicature 

the judgment should be satisfied, solvo satisdo. 

Of what good (man) did Gellius Quis Gellius benedico 

ever speak w r ell? unquam bonus? 

If any one reviles me, he seems Si quis ego maledico, 

to me petulant, or absolutely mad. petulans aut plane insa- 

nus sum videor. 

II. I am here a barbarian, Barbarus hie ego sum 

because I am not understood by quia non inielligo ullus. 
any one. 



§ 226. 



DATIVE AFTER EST. 



103 



Who has not heard of the noc- 
turnal studies of Demosthenes? 

The desire of glory is the last 
to be laid aside, even by wise 
men. 

III. I must read Cato Major 
more frequently. 

And now the weather is to be 
feared by the ripe grapes. 

R. 1. It is certain that (we) 
must die, and it is uncertain 
whether (we may not) this very 
day. 

It must be acknowledged that 
every animal is mortal. 

IV. Antony was thinking of 
leading four legions to the city. 

A part of Gaul inclines towards 
the north. 

The desire of dominion incites 
two kindred and neighboring na- 
tions to arms. 

First bear him to his resting- 
place. 

I thought I ought to write to 
you what occurred to my mind. 



Quis non audio h De- 
mosthenes vigilia? 

Etiam sapiens cupido 
gloria novus exuo. 

Legendus ego saepe 
sum Cato Major. 

Et jam maturus mctu- 
endus JupTter uva. 

Moriendum certe sum, 
et is incertus, an is ipse 
dies c . 

Omnis animal, coftfiten-. 
dum sum, sum mortalis. 

Antonius legio quatuor 
ad urbs adduco cogito. 

Pars Gallia vergo ad 
Septentrio*. 

Cupido imperium duo 
cognatus vicinusque pop- 
ulus ad arma stimulo. 

Sedes e hie ante refero 
suus. 

Qui ego venio f in mens, 
existimo ego ad tu opor- 
tet scribo. 



a § 239. h pass. ; lit. by ivhom have, fyc. c § 253. d pi. e dat. pi. 
f imp. 



§ 226. Est is followed by a dative denoting a pos- 
sessor ; — the thing possessed being the subject of the 
verb. 



I possess Amathus, and lofty 
Paphus, and Cythera. 

I have twice seven nymphs of 
surpassing beauty. 



Sum Amathus, sum 
celsus ego Paphus, atque 
Cythera. 

Sum ego bis sept em 
praestans corpus" nym- 
pha. 



104 



DATIVE AFTER EST. 



§ 226. 



(His) father (Anchises) also 
has his own gifts. 

I have parsley in my garden, I 
have store of ivy. 

We have breasts brave in war. 

Peculiar generosity belongs to 
the lion. 

You possess the realms of 
(your) father Daunus. 

Even here glory has its appro- 
priate rewards. 

The head of the parrot has the 
same hardness as his beak. 

I have quantities of gold coined 
and uncoined. 

Ostriches have hoofs like 
(those) of stags. 

I have a mother, of the ancient 
race of Priam. 

I have an ancient territory bor- 
dering on the Tuscan river. 

He is rich who has so great 
possessions as to desire nothing 
more. 

Pleasure can have no union 
with virtue. 

Of all connections, there is 
none more important than that 
which each of us has with the 
republic. 

Do you not know that kings 
have long hands? 

Man has a resemblance to 
God. 

I had the greatest intimacy 
with M. Fabius. 

R. Even if I have not wanted, 
as you think, talent for this un- 



Su?n et suus donum 
parens. 

Sum ego in hortus api- 
um, sum hedera vis. 

Sum ego fortis bellum 
pectus. 

Leo sum praecipuus 
generositas. 

Sum tu regnum pater 
Daunus. 

Sum hie etiam suus 
prsemium laus. 

Caput psittacus idem 
sum duritia qui 6 ros- 
trum. 

Sum aurum pondus 
factus infectusque ego. 

Strutliiocamelus ungu- 
la sum cervmus c simllis. 

Genetrix Priam us de 
gens vetustus sum ego. 

Sum antiquus ager 
Tuscus ego propior d am- 
nis. 

Dives sum qui tantus 
possessio* sum, ut nihil 
opto amplior. 

Null us possum sum vo~ 
luptas cum honestas con- 
junctio. 

Omnis societas nullus 
sum gravis, quam is qui 
cum respublica sum unus- 
quisque ego. 

An nescio longus rex 
sum man us? 

Sujn homo cum Deus 
similitudo. 

Cum M. Fabius ego 
superus usus sum f . 

Etiam si ego, ut tu pu- 
to, ad hie opus ingenium 



§ 227. 



TWO DATIVES AFTER SUM. 



105 



dertaking, I have certainly want- 
ed learning and leisure. 

Nothing was less wanting to 
Darius than multitude of sol- 
diers. 



non desum, doctrina cer- 
te et otium desum 5 . 

Non quisquam parum 
Darius quam multitudo 
miles desum. 



a all. 
'■ sup. 



§ 211, R. 6. b § 207, R. 27. 3d paragraph. 
e sing, f § 145, II. <* § 209, R. 12, (2.) 



§ 211, R. 4. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We have ripe a apples. Crocodiles have the upper part of 
the body hard and impenetrable; the under (part) soft and 
tender. In battle there is always the most 6 danger to those 
who fear most. The c less d honor 6 was (conferred) upon 
poets f , the c fewer"* efforts e they made*\ The grades of of- 
fice* are the same 7 to the highest 16 and lowest 1 men, the (de- 
grees) of glory different" 1 . 



a mitis. b magnus. 

R. 3. f lit. poets find. 

they had. l honor, pi. 



c quo — eo, § 256, R. 16. * parvus. e § 212, 

s studiumj nam,, pi. h aum, lit. the Itss acuZ 

i par. k superus. l inferus. m dispar. 



§ 227. Sum, and several other verbs, are followed 
by two datives, one of which denotes the object to 
which, the other the end for which any thing is, or is 
done. 



A large house often becomes a 
disgrace to the owner. 

I wish that thing may prove a 
pleasure to him. 

Sad wars, and rage, and treach- 
ery, were her delight. 

The song and the lute were al- 
ways dear to Crethea. 

Let him have myself for his ex- 
ample. 

Apply for that office, in which 
you can be of great service to 
me. 



Amplus domus dede- 
cus dominus ssepe^/fo. 

U tin am is res is vo- 
luntas sum a . 

Ille tristis bellum, ira- 
que 6 , insidiaeque sum cor. 

Crethea carmen 6 sem- 
per et cithara 6 sum cor. 

Habeo c ego ipse sui 
documentum. 

Peto is magistratus in 
qui ego magnus utilitas 
sum possum. 



106 



TWO DATIVES AFTER SUM. 



§227. 



He was of great use both to me 
and (my) brother Quintus. 

I am very anxious that Lucul- 
lus may be so educated that he 
may equal (his) father. 

I will take the greatest care, 
that nothing may be done other- 
wise than as we desire, and as it 
ought to be. 

I only dare say thus much 
of myself, that my friendship has 
been a pleasure to more (persons) 
than (it has been) a protection. 

He hopes this thing will be a 
great honor to him. 

It was lately a very high honor 
to our (friend) Milo, that he 
checked all the attempts and 
madness of P. Clodius. 

He was a great assistant to 
that vpry brnve man his father, in 
(his) dangers. 

Alexander, when he saw that a 
long siege would be a great hin- 
derance to him in regard to other 
(things,) sent heralds to the Tyr- 
ians. 

It is to me not less a care what 
the republic will be after my 
death, than what it is now. 

It was replied to the Roman 
ambassadors, that Hannibal had 
no leisure, in such a critical state 
of affairs, to hear embassies. 

R. 2. To play on the pipe, to 
dance, to surpass one's fellow- 
pupils in science, are trifling 
(things) in reference to our cus- 
toms ; but in Greece they were 
formerly a great honor. 

R. 3. Too much confidence 
is wont to prove a calamity. 



Sum et ego et Quintus 
f rater magnus usus. 

Sum ego magnus cur a, 
ut Lucullus itaerudio, ut 
pater d respondeo. 

Ego sum maxime cura 9 
ne quis no secus, quam 
volo, quamque oportet. 

Ego de ego tantus au- 
deo dico, amicitia meus 
voluntas multus, quam 
presidium sum. 

Qui res sui magnus 
honos spero /"ore. 

Honos superus nuper 
noster Milo sum, quod 
omnis P. Clodius cona- 
tus furorque comprfmo. 

Hie sum vir fortis, pa- 
rens suns, magnus adju- 
mentum in periculum. 

Alexander, quum lon- 
gus obsidio magnus sui 
ad ceterus impedimentum 
video 6 fore, caduceator 
ad Tyrius mitto. 

Ego non parvus cura 
sum, qualis respublica 
post mors meus sura ^ 
quam qualis hodie sura^. 

Respondeo legatus Ro- 
manus, Hannibal, in tan- 
tus discrimen res, non 
opera sum legatio audio. 

Canto tibia 6 , salto, in 
doctrlna 6 antecedo con- 
discipulus, ad noster con- 
suetudo levis sum ; at in 
Graecia olim magnus laus 
sum. 

Nimius fiducia calami* 
tas soleo sum. 



§ 228. DATIVE AFTER PARTICLES. 107 

R. 4, Perseus hastily collected Perseus auratus statua 
all the gilded statues into the omnis raptim, ne prceda 
fleet, lest they should become a hostis sum, in classis con- 
prey to the enemy. gero. 

R. 5. The sea is a destruction Ezitium sum avidus 

to greedy mariners. mare nauta. 

• § 263, 1. *pl. c § 260, R. 6. d § 223. e § 263, 5. / § 265. 

English to be turned into Latin, 

With what" bravery the soldiers of Caesar fought 6 , (this) 
is sl proof, that, the battle being once against c (them) at Dyr- 
rachium, they spontaneously^ demanded 6 punishment upon 
themselves. L. Cassius was accustomed, in judicial pro- 
ceedings f , to in qu\re g for whose benefit 11 it was 1 . Apply { to 
that pursuit* in which you are* (engaged ;) that you may m 
be an honor to yourselves, a benefit" 1 to your friends, and a 
gain to the republic. It was ascribed p to cowardice q in Q. 
Hortensius, that he had never been engaged 7 " in a civil war*. 
C. Caesar, the propretor', with (his) army u , marched to the 
assistance of the province of Gaul. Medea persuaded the 
Corinthian matrons™ not to impute 1 (it) to her as a crime, 
that y she was absent 2 " from (her) country. 

a quantus. b dimico, § 265. c adversus, § 257, R. 7. d ultro. 
e deposco. f a judicial proceeding, causa. s quaero. h bonum. 
* plup. § 265. J incumbo. k studium. l pi. m possum. n utili- 
tas. ° emolumentum. p tribuo. q ignavia. r intersum, § 266,3. 
5 § 224. ■ pro prsetore. u § 249, III. v proficiscor. w § 223, R. 2. 
x verto. y quod. z absum, § 266, 3. 



DATIVE AFTER PARTICLES. 

<§> 228. Some particles are followed by the dative 
of the end or object. 

Had Antiochus been willing to Antiochus, si pareo 

be guided by the advice of Han- volo a consilium 6 Hanni- 

nibal, he would have contended bal, prope Tiber quam 

for empire nearer to the Tiber Thermopylce de summa 

than Thermopylae. imperium dimico a . 

Caesar fortified a camp as near Caesar quam prozime 



108 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. 



§229. 



as possible to the camp of the 
enemy. 

What wonder is it that many 
went forth to meet such a man 
on his approach 6 1 

The quaestors of the province, 
with (their) fasces, were in at- 
tendance upon me. 

It is said by the Stoics to be 
the chief good to live conforma- 
bly to nature. 

It can be well with no wicked, 
foolish, and indolent man. 

N. But suddenly, after a few 
days, when I was not at all ex- 
pecting (it,) Caninius came to 
me. 

What is Celsus doing ? 

Pray what says Sannio ? 

What do you desire ? 



possum hostis c castra, 
castra communio. 

Q,uis habeo admira- 
tio^ talis vir adveniens 
obvidm prodeo multus? 

Qusestor provincia 
cum fascis ego prcesto 
sum. 

Superus bonum a Sto- 
icus dico-^, convenienter 
natura vivo. 

Improbus et stultus et 
iners nemo bene sum pos- 
sum. 

At tu repente paucus 
post dies 5 ", quum minime 
expecto^, venio ad ego 
Caninius. 

Quis ego Celsus ago ? 

Guis aio tandem ego 1 
Sannio? 

Quis tu j volo ? 



° § 261, 1. 6 § 223. R. 2. c pi. d § 212, R. 3. 
irtg. f § 269. * § 253. * § 263, 5, R. 2. * pi. 



e lit. approach- 
J sing. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. 

§ 229. The object of an active verb is put in the 
accusative. 



God made the world. 

The Syrians worship a fish. 

Miltiades freed Athens and all 
Greece. 

Swarms of bees form honey- 
combs. 

A learned man always has 
riches in himself. 

Rivalry nourishes talent ; and 
sometimes envy, sometimes ad- 
miration, excites imitation. 



Deus mundus cedifico, 

Piscis Syrus veneror. 

Miltiades Athence to- 
tusque GrcBcia liber o. 

Apes exfimen Jingo fa- 
vus. 

Homo doctus in sui 
semper divitice habeo. 

Alo aemulatio ingeni- 
um a , et nunc invidia nunc 
admiratio imitatio accen- 
do. 



^229. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. 



109 



Pompey restored the tribuni- 
tian power, of which Sulla had 
left the image without the real- 
ity 

You say right, and so the thing 
is. 

Many things in your letter 
pleased me. 

Your ancestors first conquered 
all Italy. 

The voluntary virtues surpass 
the involuntary. 

No one avoids pleasure itself 
because it is pleasure. 

They lost not only (their) goods, 
but (their) honor also. 

All men admired (his) diligence, 
(and)acknowledged (his) abilities. 

Turn over that book of Plato's 
diligently which is upon the soul. 

Time does not only not lessen 
this grief, but even increases it. 

When Apollo says this, " Know 
yourself," he says, -" Know your 
own mind." 

R. 3. But why (should I say) 
more ? Let us look at the origin 
of divination. 

R. 4. The earth shook for 
thirty-eight days. 

Caesar sent around all the 
neighboring region, and sum- 
moned auxiliaries from thence. 

Tarquin resolved to send to 
Delphi. 

R. 5. Dicaearchus wishes to 
make out that souls are mortal. 

The philosopher will show that 
10 



Pompeius tribunitius 
potestas restituo, qui Sul- 
la imago sine res relin- 
quo. 

Recte dico, et res sic 
sui habeo. 

Multus ego in epistola 
tuus dele do. 

Major es vester pri- 
mum universus Italia de- 
vinco. 

Virtus non voluntari- 
us vinco virtus voluntari- 
us. 

Nemo voluptas ipse, 
quia voluptas sum g y fugio. 

Non solum bonum sed 
etiam honest as deperdo. 

O inn is diligentia ad~ 
miror, ingenium agnosco. 

Evolvo diligenter Pla- 
to is liber qui sum de ani- 
mus. 

Dies non modd non 
levo luctus hie sed etiam 
augeo. 

Cum Apollo, " Nosco 
tu," dico, hie dico, " Nos- 
co animus tuus." 

Sed quis 6 multus ? or- 
tus video haruspicma. 

Terra dies c duode- 
quadraginta moveo. 

Caesar dimitto circum 
omnis propinquus regio, 
atque inde auxilium evb- 
co. 

Tarquinius Delphi mit- 
to statuo. 

Dicaearchus volo effi- 
cio, animus sum mortdlis. 

Magnus sum sol, phi- 



110 ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS. § 229. 

the sun is great ; how great it is, losophus probo ; quantus 

the mathematician (will show.) sum d mathematicus. 

R. 6. God never repents of his Nunquam primus con- 
first design. silium 6 Deus pcenitet. 

You are weary of patrician, Tsedet tu a patricius, 

they of plebeian magistrates. hie plebeius magistrates. 

R. 7. If I mistake not, we Ego, nisi ego fallit, ja- 

shall be brought down. ceo. 

It does not escape me, that Non ego preterit, usus 

practice is the best instructor in sum bonus dico^ magis- 

speaking. ter. 

a pi. * § 235, R. 5. c § 253. * § 265. e § 215. / gen. * § 266, 3. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I both write and read something"' ; but. when I read I per- 
ceive by 6 comparison how badly I write . Vircingetorix 
gives a signal to his (men,) and leads'* (them) from the 
town. The soldiers, whom the Persians call Immortals* , had 
golden collars f , garment s g embroidered' 1 with gold, and 
sleeved' tunics, adorned also with gems. Some- 7 ' living crea- 
tures* have a rational principle 1 , some only a vital princi- 
ple 171 . The Egyptians consecrated almost every species 71 of 
brute animals . When Timanthes saw p that he could not 
imitate with his pencil 9 the grief of Agamemnon, he covered^ 
his head. There are men, who are neither ashamed 5 nor 
tired 1 of their licentiousness" and ignominy" ; who seem to 
rush", as it were* on purpose 3 ', into popular odium*. When 
the sons of Brutus stood aa , tied 66 to the stake, men pitied* a 
their punishment, not more than the crime cc by which they 
had merited punishment. 

° allquis. h ex. c § 265. * educo, § 242, R. 1. e § 230. 'tor- 
ques. g vestis, sing. h distinctus. * manicatus. J quidam. k living 
creatures, animans. l a rational principle, animus. m a vital princi- 
ple, anima. n genus. ° a brute animal, bestia. ? lit. Timanthes, 
when he saw, § 263, 5. q penicillum. r obvolvo. s § 264, 6. l to 
be tired, bedel. u libido, § 215, (1.) v infamia. w irruo, § 264, 6. 
m as it were, quasi. y de industria. z lit. the odium of the people. 
* a § 145, II. H deligatus. cc scelus. 



§ 239. 



TWO ACCUSATIVES AFTER VERBS. 



Ill 



§ 230. Verbs signifying to name or call, to choose, 
render, or constitute, to esteem or reckon, are followed 
by two accusatives denoting the same person or thing. 



Antony called his flight victo- 
ry, because he had escaped alive. 

The order of the Persian march 
was this; the fire, which they 
call eternal and sacred, was car- 
ried before on silver altars; the 
Magi next sung the customary 
song. 

The Julian clan call lulus the 
founder of their name. 

The people made Ancus Mar- 
cius king. 

M. Furius Camillus proclaimed 
P. Cornelius Scipio regent. 

The recollection of pleasures 
enjoyed renders life happy. 

Thunder upon the left we 
reckon a very good omen on all 
occasions, except at elections. 

R. 2. Wisdom offers herself 
to us as the surest guide to pleas- 
ure. 



Anton ius fuga suus, 
quia vivus exeo, victoria 
voco. 

Ordo agmen Persa* 
sum 6 talis ; ignis qui ip- 
se sacer et ceternus voco, 
argenteus altare prsefe- 
ro b ; Magus propior pa- 
trius carmen cano\ 

lulus gens Julius auc- 
tor nomen suus nuncu- 
po°. 

Ancus Marcius rex 
popiilus creo c . 

M. Furius Camillus P. 
Cornelius Scipio interrex 
prndo. 

Voluptas perceptus re- 
cord atio vita bedtus fa- 
do. 

Fuhnen sinister auspi- 
cium bonus habeo ad om- 
nis res d prgeterquam ad 
comitia. 

Sapientia certus sui 
ego dux praebeo ad vo- 
luptas. 



a gen. pi. h § 145, II. 1. c sing. d lit. for all things, fyc. 
English to be turned into Latin. 



Ennius properly" called 6 anger the beginning of madness. 
Our ancestors called' 1 the supreme council the senate. His 
(followers) saluted Octavius (as) Ccesar. The Albans ap- 
point* Mettus Fuffetius dictator. The whole city pro- 
claimed 1 Cicero consul. Socrates thought 5 himself an inhab- 



112 



TWO ACCUSATIVES AFTER CERTAIN VERBS. 



§231. 



itant and citizen of the whole world. If you think* any one 
(your) friend, whom i you do not trust ; as much* as 7 your- 
self*, you are greatly 771 mistaken". Timoleon reckoned that 
a glorious*' victory, in which there was more of clemency 5 
than of cruelty. 

a bene. b dico. c initium. d appello. e creo. / declare g arbitror. 
h exist! mo. * § 223. ft. 2. i credo. k tantusdem. l quantas. m ve- 
hementer. n to be mistaken, erro. ° duco. p prseelarus. s § 212, R. 3. 



§ 231. Verbs of ashing, demanding, and teaching, 
and celo (to conceal,) are followed by two accusatives, 
one of a person, the other of a thing. 



Philosophy has taught us all 
other things, and especially what 
is most difficult — to know our- 
selves. 

They are ridiculous who teach 
others, what they themselves have 
not tried. 

Eloquence enables us to teach 
others what we know. 

I have never prayed to the 
gods for riches. 

Quintius implores this of you. 



Philosophia ego quum 
ceterus res omnis, turn, 
qui sum difficilis, doceo, 
ut egomet ipse nosco°. 

Ridicialus sum, qui, 
qui ipse non experior, is 
doceo ceterus. 

Eloquentia efficio. ut 
is, qui scio, alius doceo 
possum & . 

Nunquam divitice deus 
rogo. 

Quintius tu hie obse- 



I earnestly request this of you. Hie tu vehementer r#- 



This favor I request of you in 
my own right, for there is noth- 
ing I have not done for your 
sake. 

The Achaeans also were beg- 
ging assistance from king Philip. 

Caesar was daily demanding of 
the JEdui the corn which they 
had promised. 

R. 2. Staberius began to de- 
mand hostages from the inhab- 
itants of Apollonia. 



8°' 

Mens jus c tu hie bene- 

ficium rogo : nihil enim 

non tuus causa^ facio. 

Achaei quoque auzili- 
urn Philippus rex oro. 

Quotidie Caesar JEtdui 
frumentum qui polliceor* 
fiagito. 

Staberius obses ah 
Apollonicttes exigo cee- 
pi. 



§231. TWO ACCUSATIVES AFTER CERTAIN VERBS. 113 

You will see what your past Quis actus tuus vita, 

life and studies demand of you. quis studium a tu flagi- 

lo, tu video. 

The whole province demanded Hie a ego munus-^ uni- 

of me this service. versus provincia posco. 

R. 3. I inquired of Masinissa Ego Masinissa de suus 

concerning his kingdom ; he in- regnum ; ille ego de nos- 

quired of me concerning our re- ter res publicus percon- 

public. tor. 

R. 4. Caesar detains Liscus; Caesar Liscus retineo; 

he inquires of (him) alone (re- qucero ex solus is, qui in 

specting) those (things) which he conventus dico. Idem 

had spoken in the assembly. He secreto ab alius qucero. 
asks the same things privately of 
others. 

a § 262. * § 273, 1. c § 249, II. * § 247. e § 268, 3. / § 212, 
ft, 3. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

I have accustomed" (my) son not 5 to conceal from me 
those (things) which other young men do without their 
fathers' knowledge . Although^ nature declares, by so ma- 
ny indications 6 , what she wishes 7 , seeks 3 ", and wants 71 , we 
nevertheless, I know not how, turn a deaf ear*, and do not'' 
hear those things of which k we are admonished 1 by her. 
Catiline, in many ways 771 , instructed the youth 71 1 whom he 
had enticed , in evil deeds. The Agrigentines* 7 send am- 
bassadors to Verres to instruct* him in the laws. I did not 
conceal from, you the conversation ' of Ampius. Fortunately* 
it happened' that" I had written to Cassius four days* be^ 
fore, the very thing 70 of which you remind 1 me. The ambas- 
sadors of Enna* received^ this commission 5 " from their 
fellow-citizens, to go aa to 66 Verres, and demand back 00 from 
him the image of Ceres and Victory. 

* eonsuefacio. b ne, § 262. c without the knowledge of, clam, with 
the ace. d quum. e signum. / § 265. g anqulro. h desidero. * to 
turn a deaf ear, obsurdesco. J and — not, nee. * § 234. l moneo. 
m modus. n juvenilis. ° illicio. p Agrigentlni. q doceo, §264, 5. 
9 sermo. * commode. l evenio. u quod. v quatriduum. w id ipsum. 
9 Ennenses, adj. ^ habeo. * mandatum. aa § 273, 2. « § 233, (2,) 
2d paragraph. cc reposco. 

10* 



114 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER NEUTER VERBS. 



§232. 



§ 232. Some neuter verbs are followed by an accu- 
sative of kindred signification to their own. 



(1.) I dreamed a wonderful 
dream. 

I think that your fathers are 
(still) living, and such a life, in- 
deed, as alone deserves the name 
of life. 

The next day Hortensius en- 
tered into the theatre, I suppose, 
that we might participate in his 

j°y- 

With a loud voice, I swore a 
most true and glorious oath, 
which the people, with a loud 
voice, swore that I had sworn 
truly. 

(2.) A certain Elysius was bit- 
terly lamenting the death of his 
son. 



Mirus somnio s omnium. 

Ego c vester pater vivo 
arbitror, et is quidem vi- 
ta, qui sum solus vita 
nominandus. 

Postridie in theatrum 
Hortensius introeo 6 , pu- 
to, ut suus gaudium gau- 
deo. 

Magnus voxjuro verus 
pulcherque jusjurandum, 
qui populus magnus vox 
ego verejuro c juro. 

Elysius quidam gravi- 
ter filius mors mcereo. 



§ 209, R. 1, 2d paragraph. * § 176. c § 272. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Siccius Dentatus celebrated* three triumphs with his com- 
manders. Why do not those 6 decemvirs pursue the same 
measures 6 as e in the consulship / of L. Cotta and L. Torqua- 
tus? Among other prodigies, it rained flesh. No one was 
so unfeeling 5, as not to weep at the misfortune h of Alcibiades. 
(He) who runs (in) the stadium, ought to labor' and strive-* 
to conquer*. Let no one deny 1 this. The Philreni hastened 77 "' 
to prosecute" (their^ journey. Upon the broom-grounds in 
Spain, much of the honey ? tastes' 1 of that herb. I neither 
thirst for honors nor desire glory. 

a triumpho. h iste. c curro : the verb is understood in the first 
clause, and ex-pressed in the perfect in the second. d cursus. * qui, 
§207, R. 27, 'id paragraph. f § 257. R. 7, 2d paragraph. e ferus. 
* casus. * enltor. J contendo. * § 273, 1. l to deny, eo infitias. 
w mature n pergo. ° spartaria, pi. p pi. q sapio. 



§233. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 



115 



§ 233. Many verbs are followed by an accusative 
depending upon a preposition with which they are 
compounded. 

Alexander determined to go to 
the temple of Jupiter Ammon. 

Pythagoras both traversed E- 
gypt and visited the Persian Ma- 



Timotheus joined to him as al- 
lies the Eplrots, and all those na- 
tions which are adjacent to that 
sea. 

Thirty tyrants stood around 
Socrates, but could not break his 
spirit. 

Marcellus invested Syracuse 
for three years. 

(1.) Caesar plunders and burns 
the town, gives the booty to the 
soldiery, leads his army across 
the Loire, and reaches the territo- 
ries of the Bituriges. 

Hannibal led ninety thousand 
infantry, and twelve thousand cav- 
alry, across the Ebro. 

(2.) The ship is brought to 
Syracuse. 

The fleet was brought, the fifth 
day, to Pachynus. 

A certain (man) related, as a 
prodigy, that, at his house, a ser- 
pent had wound himself around a 
bar. 

(3.) The planet Venus is 
called Lucifer, when it goes be- 
fore the sun. 

The Venetians dwell around a 
gulf of the sea. 

Apollonius laughed at philoso- 
phy. 

The Samnites descend into the 



Alexander adeo Jupiter 
Haramon templum statuo. 

Pythagoras et iEgyp- 
tus lustro et Persa° Ma- 
gus adeo. 

Timotheus socius ad- 
jungo Epirota omnisque 
is gens qui mare ille ad- 
jaceo. 

Triginta tyrannus Soc- 
rdtes circumsto, nee pos- 
sum animus is infringo. 

Marcellus tertius annus 
circumsedeo h Syracuse. 

Caesar oppldum diripio 
atque incendo, pragda 
miles dono, exercitus Li- 
ger transduco, atque in 
Bituriges finis pervenio. 

NoHaginta mille pedes 6 
duodecim mille eques* 
Hannibal Iberus traduco. 

Appello navis Syracu- 
se. 

Classis Pachynus quin- 
tus dies appello. 

Quidam refero quasi 
ostentum, quod anguis 
domus vectis circumjzcio d . 

Stella Venus 5, Lucifer 
dico, quum antegredior 
sol. 

Veneti sinus circumco- 
lo mare. 

Apollonius irrideo phi- 
losophia. 

Samnis descendo in 



116 ACCUSATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. §233. 

plain which lies between Capua planities, qui Capua Ti- 

and Tifata. fatdque interjaceo. 

The Euphrates flows through Euphrates Babylonia 

the midst of Babylonia. medius permeo. 

R. 1. History ought not to go Historia non debeo 

beyond the truth. cgredior Veritas. 

R. 2. I remember that certain Ad ego adeo quidam 

persons came to me. memini. 

Lentulus demanded that it Lentiilus postulo, ut 

should be permitted him to be triumphans sui inveho* 

borne into the city in triumph. licet in urbs. 

N. Why have you any concern Quis tu f hie curatio 

with this thing? sum res? 

Why do you accost her ] Quid tu hie aditio sum ? 

Laying waste the fields, he Populabundus ager ad 

comes to the town. oppidum pervenio. 

a lit. of the Persians * § 236, R. 2. c § 212. <*§ 266,3. e § 239, 
R. 1 . / § 226. s gen. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Csesar, having obtained possession of a the camp 6 , -com- 
manded the soldiers to surround the mountain with a work. 
The liver Eu rotas ^^z's around d Sparta, which (river) hard- 
ens childhood to the endurance 6 of future military serviced 
Atticus determined' to die, and departed on the fifth- day 
after he had adopted 11 this design. The river Mhrsy as Jlozved 
through 1 the middle- 7 of the city (of) Catena, celebrated* in 
the fabulous songs of the Greeks. Pythagoras went over 1 
many barbarous 771 regions on foot n . Mount Taurus passes . 
Cilicia, and is joined to the mountains*' of Armenia. I in- 
deed 5 am earnestly desirous 7 " to meet 8 not only those whom I 
myself have known, but those also of ' whom I have heard 
and read. If I shall meet with" Clodius, I will write you° 
more (particulars) from his conversation 10 . 

Agesilaus transported (his) troops over x the Hellespont, 
and used such despatch^ that he completed* his march in 
thirty days aa . Alexander, having ordered 66 Hephaestion to 
sail along 00 the coast of Phoenicia, comes to the city (of) 
Gaza with all his forces". The pirate sailed past cc the 
whole island (of) Ortygia. 

a to obtain possessio7i of, potior. b § 245, I. c circumvenio. d cir- 



§ 234. ACCUSATIVE AFTER VERBS PASSIVE, &C. 



117 



cumfluo. e patientia. / militia. e decerno. h ineo. * interfluo. 
i § 205, R. 17. k iricly tus. * obeo. m lit. of barbarians. n pi. § 247. 
preetereo. p dat. q I indeed, equidem. r to be earnestly desirous, 
aveo. * convenio. l de. u to meet with, convenio. v tit. to you. 
v sermo. x to transport over, trajicio. y celeritas. z conficio. 
aa § 253. " § 257, R. '5. cc to sail along, preetervehor. dd § 249, III. 



<> 234. I. When the active voice takes an accusa- 
tive both of a person and thing, the passive retains the 
latter. 



Be assured I was not asked 
(my) opinion. 

Apollo is asked for words. 

L. Marcius, a Roman knight, 
under the instruction of Cn. 
Scipio, had been taught all the 
arts of war. 

You will need to be taught a 
few (things.) 

I believe that Cassius was kept 
in ignorance respecting Sulla 
alone. 

R. 1. Then he puts on the 
crested helmet of Androgeus. 

The leader of the flock is di- 
vested of his horns. 

II. The countenance of the 
beautiful Daphne is suffused with 
a modest blush d . 

The hill, gently sloping in 
front, gradually sunk to the 
plain. 

The south wind flies forth 
with humid wings, (having) his 
terrible countenance covered with 
pitchy darkness. 

III. An endless night must be 
spent in sleep. 

Sad nights are spent in watch- 
ing, 

a § 239. * § 274, R. 8. 
as to, fyc. e imp. 



Scio ego" non rogo 
sententia. 

Apollo posco verbum. 

L. Marcius, eques Ro- 
manus,sub Cn. Scipio dis- 
ciplina omnis militia ars 
edoceo. 

Paucus doceo h . 

Credo cefo c Cassius de 
Sulla unus. 

Deinde comans Andro- 
geus galea induo. 
Dux grex cornu exuo. 

Daphne pulcher vere- 
cundus suffundo os ru- 
bor. 

Coll is frons lemter 
fastigdtus paulatim ad 
planities redeo e . 

Madidus Notus evolo 
ala, terribilis piceus tec- 
tus caligo vultus. 

Nox sum perpetuus 
unus dormiendus. 
Nox vigilo amarus. 



pass, impers. d lit. Daphne is suffused 



118 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 



§235. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Have we been kept so long ignorant* of this 1 This 
could no longer be concealed from Alcibiddes h . The maiden c 
delights to be taught the Ionic dances' 1 . Nor is corn* only 
demanded f from the rich earth 8 ' . The tender cheeks h of the 
maiden are tinged 1 , her countenance- 7 being suffused with 
blushes*. I am pressed with as many troubles', as™ there 
are fishes swimming 71 in the sea . 

a to keep ignorant, celo. b dat. c virgo. d motus. * seges, pi. 
f posco. e humus, lit. nor is the rich ground called upon for corn alone. 
h genu.. l inficio, lit. the maiden is tinged as to her tender cheeks. 3 os. 
' k to be suffused loiih blushes, rubeo. l adversus. m as many as, tot 
quot. n pass. ° unda, lit. as the sea is sivum by fishes. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 

<§> 235. Twenty-six prepositions are followed by 
the accusative. 



I beg you to come to me im- 
mediately at Vibo a . 

Caesar was at the gates. 

On the seventh (day before) 
the ides I came to my house d . 

The soothsayers directed to 
turn the image of Jupiter towards 
the east. 

Manlius dfsplayed the spoils of 
enemies slain to (the number of) 
thirty. 

The cities of Asia voted a sum 
of money for a temple. 

As long as Hannibal was in 
Italy, no one pitched a camp in 
the field against him, after the 
battle at Cannae. 

No one observes what is before 
his feet. 



Oro, ut ad ego Vibo 
statim venio. 

Caesar sum 6 ad porta. 

Septimus idus c venio 
ad ego. 

Haruspex jubeo simu- 
lacrum Jupiter ad oriens 
converto. 

Manlius profero spoli- 
um hostis caesus ad tri- 
ginta. 

Ad templum. civitas 
Asia pecunia 6 decerno. 

Quamdiu Hannibal in 
Italia sum, nemo adver- 
sus is post Cannensis 
pugna in campus castra 
pono. 

Qui sum ante pes, ne* 
mo specto. 



§235. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 



119 



Neoptolemus had been edu- 
cated in (the house of) Lyco- 
medes. 

I can scarcely contain myself f 9 
(my) mind is so agitated with 
fear, hope, (and) joy. 

An army was stationed in the 
forum, and in all the temples 
which are around the forum. 

Collatia, and whatever territory 
there was around Collatia, was 
taken from the Sabines. 

About the calends we shall be 
either at (our) farm near Formise, 
or at (that) near Pompeii. 

The Clusini heard that the 
Tuscan legions had been often 
routed by the Gauls on this side 
of the Po. 

It was decreed, that Antony 
should lead (his) army this side 
the river Rubicon. 

Libo took possession of an 
island, which is opposite to the 
harbor of Brundisium. 

The second Punic war appears 
to have especially excited the 
permanent hatred of Hamilcar 
towards the Romans. 

Among the Germans (those) 
robberies are attended with no 
disgrace, which are committed 
beyond the bounds of each one's 
state. 

The planet Jupiter revolves 
below Saturn. 

The field of the Tarquins, 
which lay between the city and 
the Tiber, having been conse- 
crated to Mars, became from that 
time the Campus Martius. 



Neoptolemus apud Ly- 
comedes ediico. 

Vix sum apud ego ; ita 
animus commoveo metus, 
spes, gaudium. 

Exercitus in forum, et 
in omnis templum, qui 
circum forum sum, col- 
loco. 

Collatia, et quisquis 
circa Collatia ager ff sum, 
Sabinus adirno. 

Ego circiter calendce 
aut in Formianum sum, 
aut in Pompeianum. 

Clusini audio 6 saepe a 
Gall us cis Padus legio 
Etrusci A fundo. 

Decerno, ut Antonius 
exercitus citra flumen 
Rubicon educo. 

Libo insula, qui contra 
Brundisinus* portus sum, 
occiipo. 

Hamilcar perpetuus 
odium erg a Romdnus 
maxime concito videor 
secundus bellum Puni- 
cus. 

Apud Germanus latro- 
cinium nullus habeo infa- 
mia, qui extra finis quis- 
que civitas facio. 

Infra Saturnus Jupi- 
ter- 7 " stella fero*. 

Ager Tarquinius, qui 
inter urhs ac Tiberis 1 
sum, consecratus Mars, 
Martius deinde campus 
sum. 



120 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 



§235. 



The Belgae alone forbade the 
Teutones and Cimbri to come 
within their territories. 

Atticus was buried near the 
Appian way, hard by the fifth 
mile-stone. 

Death often appeared before 
the eyes of Rabirius. 

A crown is to be given on ac- 
count of the preservation of citi- 
zens. 

Caesar being slain, the govern- 
ment appeared to be in the hands 
of Brutus and Cassius. 

From the heart and lungs the 
blood is diffused through the 
veins to every part of the body. 

Behind the Riphaean moun- 
tains live a happy people, whom 
(they) call the Hyperboreans. 

Vergasillaunus concealed him- 
self behind the mountain. 

The Aretho, a navigable river, 
flowed near the very walls of Am- 
bracia. 

I suppose I shall be at Laodi- 
cea about the first of August. 

Vulcan held the islands near 
Sicily, which are called the Vul- 
canian (islands.) 

Marcellus received a wound 
from a dagger, in his head, near 
the ear. 

Above the moon, all things are 
eternal. 

The Tuscans sent colonies be- 
yond the Apennines. 

Antiochus was driven beyond 
the summits of the Taurus. 



Belgae solus Teutones 
Cimbrique intra fines 
suus ingredior prohibeo. 

Atticus sepelio juxta 
via Appia ad quintus 
lapis. 

Rabirius 771 mors ob oc- 
ulus saepe versor. 

Ob civis servatus n co- 
rona do°. 

Occisus Caesar, res- 
publica penes Brutus vi- 
deor sum et Cassius. 

Ex cor at que pulmo 
sanguis per vena in om- 
nia corpus diffundo. 

Pone mons Riphaeus 
gens dego felix, qui Hy- 
perborei appello^. 

Vergasillaunus post 
mons sui occulto. 

Aretho, navigabilis am- 
nis, prater ipse Ambra- 
cia mainia fluo\ 

Prope calendce sextilis 9 
puto ego Laodicea fore. 

Vulcanus teneo insula 
propter Sicilia, qui Vul- 
canius nomino. 

Marcellus pugio r vul- 
nus accipio in caput se- 
cundum auris. 

Supra luna sum seter- 
nus omnis. 

Tusci trans Apenninus 
colonia mitto. 

Antiochus ultrajugum 
Taurus exigo. 



a lit. to Vibo. *> imp. c § 3*26, 3. d lit. tome. e pi. f cr, J am 
scarcely in my senses. g § 212. h lit. cf the Tuscans. * adj. 3 § 211. 

* pass. * § 79, 1. m §211, R. 5. n § 274. R. 5. ° § 274. R. 8. 

* § 209, R. 2, (2,) 2d paragraph. * § 326, 5, 3d paragraph. r '§ 247. 



§235. ACCUSATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 121 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Concerning* friendship, all, without exception*, are of ihe 
same mind c . The Greeks stationed^ their fleet over against 6 
Athens, ncar f Salamis s . Democritus explains the reason 4 
why cocks crow* before day-light J '. Curio pleaded* a cause 
in opposition to 1 me before 11 the centumviri. The next" day, 
about the same hour, the king led forward^ his* 7 forces into 
the same place. The soldiers marched 7 " about* fifteen days. 
The caper l flourishes" even in uncultivated fields, without 10 
the labor of the husbandman*. Caecina was reminded" ;>f 
(his) hatred* and i\\-\\i\\ a a towards bb Fabius Valens. On my 
word cc , without dd joking, he is a pretty 6 e fellow/A 

a de. h telthout exception, ad unum. c lit. think the same (thing.) 
d constituo, at the end of the sentence. e over against, ex adversum. 
f apud. s ace. in a, § § 74 & 80. h causa. i cano. § 265. J day-light, 
lux. * dico, at the end of the sentence. l in opposition to, contra. 
m apud. n posterus. ° circa. p to lead forward, a.dmoveo. q § 207, 
R. 36, 3d paragraph. T to march, iter facio. s circiter. e capparis. 
u convalesce v desertus, w citra. x rustTcus. y admoneo. z pi. 
aa invidia. bb erga. cc on my icord, mehercules. dd extra. ee bel- 
lus. ff homo. 

Homer was many years" before Romulus, since 6 he was 
not later (than) the elder** Lycurgus. Laws are silent 6 
among arms. The Romans directed 7 Antiochus to confine 
his kingdom" within mount Taurus. The Germans pass' 1 
whole days near 1 the hearth and the fire J . The field has 
been mortgaged*/?^ ten mines. The fault lies 771 with? you J . 
Friendship is to be desired of p itself, and for q itself I 
cannot p watch what is behind 8 me. (The temple of) Janus' 
was twice shut after the reign of Numa- 7 '. Lentiilus had 
kept awake" the preceding" night, contrary to (his) custom j . 
The affair came near to x a secession of the people j . A few 
outposts y of cavalry were seen near* the river 3 . A little 
before aa these times hb , the servants and clients were burnt cc 
along vAth dd (their) masters'. The Belgae are nearest to the 
Germans, who inhabit 66 on the further side of ff the Rhine. 
Julius Caesar was capable of enduring" 5 " labor** beyond} 1 
belief ] . 

a abl. § 253. b siquidem. c infra. d superior. e to he silent, sileo. 
f jubeo. e to confine his kingdom, regno. h ago. » juxta. J Place 
the verb at the end of the sentence. k to mortgage, oppono pign5.i 
11 



122 ACCUSATIVE AND ABLATIVE AFTER IN, SUB, &C. § 235 

1 ob. m sum. n penes. ° expeto, § 274, R. 8. p per. q propter. 
r non queo. s pone. % nom. " to keep awake, \igi\o. v proximus. 
w contrary to, praeter. x near to, prope. y statio. z secundum. 
aa supra. bb these times, haec memoria. cc cremo, § 145, II. 1. 
dd along icith, una cum. ee incolo. // on the farther side of, trans 
ss capable of enduring, patiens. hh § 213. il ultra. 



ACCUSATIVE AND ABLATIVE AFTER LY, SUB, &c. 



<^ 235. (2)— (5.) 



Codrus threw himself into the 
midst of the enemy, in the dress 
of a servant, that he might not be 
recognized. 

A virtuous life is the way to 
heaven, and to the assembly of 
those who have heretofore lived. 

The soldiers of Csesar advance 
beneath the mountain upon which 
the town (of) Herd a was situated. 

Many of the Carthaginians, in 
(their) precipitate retreat, rushing 
one over another, were trampled 
down in the narrow (passages) of 
the gates. 

I will write to you, concerning 
this matter, from Rhegium. 

Cranes sleep (with their) head 
concealed beneath (their) wing. 



Codrus sui in medium 
immitto hostis, vestis fam 
ularis, ne possum , ag- 
nosco. 

Probus vita via sum in 
cozlum, et in coztus is, qui 
jam vivo. 

Miles Ccesar sub mons 
in qui oppldum pono* 
Uerda, succedo. 

Multus Carthaginien- 
sis in praeceps fuga, ru- 
ens super alius alius, in 
angustia porta obtero. 

Hie super res scribe 
ad tu Rhegium. 

Grus dormio caout sub- 
ter ala conditus. 



§ 258, 1. 2, (2 ) *> p?up. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Darius made a bridge over* the river h Istrr. Pain is reck* 
oned c among" the greatest evils. My consulship is near a (its) 
close d . The election 6 was held 7 near 5 the chse d of the year. 
Wisdom is often (found) even under a mean 71 ga?'b\ Domi- 
tius, without your knowledge* , sought safety in flight*. 



' sub. 
§ 247. 



b flumen. 
h sordid us. 



c duco. 

1 palliolus. 



d exitus. e comitia. / habeo 
J without ones knowledge, clam. 



§238. 



ACCUSATIVE OF TIME AND SPACE. 



123 



ACCUSATIVE OF TIME AND SPACE. 

<§> 238* Nouns denoting duration of time, or extent 
of space, are put, after other nouns and verbs, in the 
accusative, and sometimes, after verbs, in the ablative. 



Dionysius was tyrant of Syra- 
cuse thirty-eight years. 

A city was once besieged by 
the whole of Greece for ten years, 
on account of one woman. 

Fields, when they have rested 
many years, are wont to bring 
forth a more abundant crop. 

The name of the Pythagoreans 
flourished so much, for several 
ages, that no others were thought 
learned. 

Augustus used to sleep, at the 
most, not more than seven hours, 
and even those not uninterrupted, 
but so that he waked three or 
four times in that interval. 



The city (of) Saguntum was 
by far the most opulent of the 
towns of Spain, situated nearly a 
mile from the sea. 

Persia is bounded by continued 
chains of mountains on one side, 
which (side) extends in length 
one thousand six hundred stadia, 
in breadth (it extends) one hun- 
dred and eighty. 

Zama is distant five days' jour- 
ney from Carthage. 

R. 2. Mithridates, who in one 
day killed so many Roman citi- 



Duodequadraginta an- 
nus tyr annus Syracusae 
sum Dionysius. 

Decern quondam annus 
urbs oppugno ob unus 
mulier ab universusGrae- 
cia. 

Ager, quum multus an- 
nus quiesco, uber effero 
fructus soleo. 

Multus scEculum sic 
vigeo Pythagoreus no- 
men, ut nullus alius doc- 
tus videor. 

Augustus non amplius 
quum plurimum quam 
septem hora dormio, ac 
ne is quidem continuus, 
sed ut in ille tempus spa- 
tium ter aut quater ex- 
pergo. 

Urbs Saguntum longe 
opulens urbs Hispania 
sum, situs passus mille 
ferme a mare. 

Persis perpetuus mons 
jugum ab alter latus clau- 
do, qui in longitude mille 
sexcenti stadium, in lati- 
tude centum octoginta 
procurro. 

Zama quinque dies 
iter ab Carthago absum. 

Mithridates, qui unus 
dies" tot civis Romanus 



124 



ACCUSATIVE OF PLACE. 



§237. 



zens, has reigned, from that time, 
three and twenty years. 

King Archelans was possessing 
Cappadocia for the fiftieth year. 



trucldo, ab ille tempus 
annus jam tci'tius et vi- 
cessimus regno. 

Rex Archelaus quin- 
quagesimus annus Cap- 
padocia 6 potior. 



§ 253. * § 245, 1. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

Babylon has a citadel including* twenty stadia in (its) cir- 
cuit 6 ; the foundations of the towers are sank c thirty feet into 
the earth; walls d twenty feet wide 6 support the hanging f 
gardens. 

Nestor was now living the third age of man*", and had no 
cause to fear\ lest, (when) speaking * the truth concerning 
himself, he should seem either too- 7 insolent or loquacious. 



a complexus. b ambitus. c demitto. d paries. e latus. 
silis. s pi. h vereor, § 274, R. 8. i prasdico. S nimis. 



pen- 



ACCUSATIVE OF PLACE. 



<§> 237. After verbs expressing or implying motion, 
the name of the town, in which the motion ends, is put 
in the accusative without a preposition. 



The consul Lserinus led his 
legions to Agrigentum, which 
was occupied by a strong garri- 
son of the Carthaginians, and 
fortune favored his undertaking. 

The Acheans being driven by 
the HeraclidGe from Laconia, 
took possession of the abodes 
which they now occupy ; the 
Pelasgi migrated to Athens. 

Darius, not ignorant with how 
valiant an enemy he had to do, 
commanded all the auxiliaries of 



Laerinus consul Agri- 
gentum, qui teneo a Car- 
thaginiensis validus pre- 
sidium, duco legio, et ad- 
sum fortuna inceptum a . 

Achrei ab Heraclldae 
ex Laconica pulsus, is 
occiipo sedes qui nunc 
obthieo ; Pelasgi Athena 
commigro. 

Darius, baud ignarus 
quam cum strenuus hos- 
tis res sum 6 , omnis Ion- 



§ 237. ACCUSATIVE OF PLACE. 125 

distant nations to be assembled ginquus gens auxilium 

at Babylon. Babylon contralto jubeo. 

R, 2. Ambassadors came to Ad ego legatus venio 

rne into the camp near Iconium. in castra ad Iconium. 

R. 4. I came frequently to the Venio consul Antoni- 

house of the consul Antony for us domus sarpe saluto c 

the purpose of saluting (him.) causa*. 

The Vagenses invite the cen- Vagensis centurio trib- 

turions and military tribunes to unusque militaris domus 

their houses. suus invito. 

I will go into the country, and Ego rus eo, atque ibi 

there I will stay. rnaneo. 

R. 5. Ambassadors passed over Legatus in Africa tra- 

into Africa. jicio. 

The Lacedaemonians sent Pau- Lacedgemonius Pausa- 

sanias with a fleet to Cyprus and nias cum classis Cyprus 

the Hellespont. atque Hellespontus mitto. 

a § 224. & § 265. c § 275, III. R. 1. d § 247. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Egyptians seek Apis a , with their heads shorn 6 ; 
(when) found, he is conducted to Memphis' 1 . Many nations 
once'' went 6 to Delphi, to the oracle of Apollo. Gold used 
to be exported annually 7 , on account" of the Jews, from 
Italy to Jerusalem. M. Livius had borne his disgrace 71 so 
impatiently', that he removed { into the country, and for* 
many years absented himself from the city 771 . King Attalus 
sent presents to P. African us" from Asia as far as to Nu* 
mantia. When I ivas approaching to 9 Sida in (my) ship ? , 
letters were delivered'* to me from my (friends.) All the 
Gauls in high spirits* and full of confidence depart to p 
Alesia. The Thracians, not daring to trust* themselves to 
(their) ships, dispersed" to (their) houses. Lsglius and 
Scipio were wont to flee" from the city to the country, as if w 
(escaping) from prison*. 

* § 79, 1. h derado, lit. (their) heads being shorn. € deduce 
d quondam. e proficiscor. / quotannis. g nomen, § 247. * igno- 
minia. ? sBgre. J migro. k per. l to absent one's self, careo. 
m § 250, R. C(2.) n diit. ° as far as to, usque ad. ? ad. « § 247. 
r reddo. 3 in high spirits, alacer. ' committo. u dilabor. u evolo, 
§ 145, II. 1, w as if. tanquam. * vinculum, pi. 
11* 



126 ACCUSATIVE AFTER ADVERBS &, INTERJECTIONS. § 238. 



ACCUSATIVE AFTER ADVEBRS AND INTERJECTIONS. 

<§> 238^ 1. The adverbs pridie and postridie are 
often followed by the accusative. 

2. The interjections en, eccc, O, heu, and pro, are 
sometimes followed by the accusative. 



1. Acusius reported that his 
son Quintus had gone to Caesar 
on the 29th of May; (and) that 
Philotimus the Rhodian had ar- 
rived the day before that day. 

Augustus used to commence 
no journey on the day after the 
fair. 

2. O mighty power of error ! 
O glorious day, when I shall 

go to that divine assembly and 
company of minds ! 

Ah me miserable ! why am I 
compelled to blame the senate, 
which I have always praised 1 



Acusius nuntio ft , Quin- 
tus filius ad Caesar pro- 
ficiscor 6 quartus c calen- 
dar Junius; Philotimus 
Rhodius * pridie is dies 
venio. 

Augustus postridie 
nundmce nusquam proli- 
ciscor rf . 

O vis magnus' error ! 

O praeclarus dies quum 
ad ille divlnus animus 
consilium ccetusque pro- 
ficiscor 7 ! 

Heu ego miser ! cur 
senatus cogo, qui laudo 
semper, reprehendo? 



imp. 



§272. c § 326,3. * §145,11.1. ■ sup. f § 263, 5. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

On the night of the day before* the feast of Minerva 6 , a 
fire broke out c around the forum. There will be d a hunt on 
the day after the games of Apollo 6 . O senseless 7 (that) 
thou (art) if thou fearest death 5 " when it thunders ! O ex- 
cellent' 1 guardian 1 of the sheep, a wolf! O wretched- 7 and 
unhappy that day in which^' Sulla was appointed' consul ! 

your delightful 771 letters! O mad" and miserable man ! 

lit. which ions the day before. h a feast of Minerva, Quinquatrus. 
• orior. d iuturus sum. e of Apollo, Apollinaris. / demens. g lit. 
if then thou fearest, fyc. h prosclarus. » custos. i miser. k § 253. 

1 renuntio. m suavis. n amens. 



§239. 



SUBJECT-ACCUSATIVE. 



127 



SUBJECT-ACCUSATIVE. 

<§> 239. The subject of the infinitive mode is put in 
the accusative. 



I desired that you should un- 
derstand this. 

We think that you can very 
easily explain that. 

You know, Piso, that I think 
the same (thing.) 

It is evident, that man consists 
of body and mind. 

It is innate to all, and as it 
were engraven on the mind, that 
there are gods. 

I deem it not improper, that I 
should write to you what I think 
upon that affair. 

Do you think that such excel- 
lent men did such things without 
reason? 

Let us remember, that justice 
should be observed even towards 
the lowest (persons.) 

I am very glad that you have 
got safe to Epirus. 

It is, as it seems to me, highly 
decorous, that the houses of illus- 
trious men should be open to il- 
lustrious guests. 

I think that these four things 
should be (found) in an accom- 
plished general ; a knowledge of 
the art of war, courage, authority, 
and good fortune. 

R. 2. I should feel ashamed 
to say that I do not understand, 
if you yourselves understood. 



Volo tu hie intelligo. 

Genseo tu facile is ex- 
plano possum. 

Scio, Piso, ego sentio 
iste idem. 

Perspicuus* sum 6 homo 
e corpus animusque con- 
sto. 

Omnis innatus a sum 6 , 
et in animus quasi in- 
sculptus a , sum dtus. 

Non puto sum alienus, 
ego ad tu, quis de is res 
sentio c , scribo. 

Tu tarn egregius vir 
censeo tantus res gero 
sine causa? 

Memini d etiam adver- 
sus biferus jmtitia servo. 

Tu in Epirus salvus 
venio vehementer gaudeo. 

Sum 6 , ut ego videor, 
valde decor us a , pateo do- 
mus homo illustris illus- 
tris hospes. 

Ego existTmo, in supe- 
rus e imperator quatuor 
hie res insum oportet ; 
scientia f res militaris, 
virtus, auctoritas, felici- 
tas. 

Pudet^ ego dico non 
intelligo, si tu ipse intel- 

\igo 3 . 



123 vocative. § 240. 

I hear that you are about to Dico^ tu audio, quaes- 
say, that you have been his ques- tor ille sum. 
tor. 

a § 205, R. 8. 6 § 269. c § 265. * § § 260, R. 6, <fc 183, 3, N. 
e siip. /-204, R. 10. ^ § 261, 1. » § 270, R. 3, last clause. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

It is evident" that laws were devised b for c the safety of the 
citizens. It follows**, therefore, that the law is to be reck- 
oned among 7 the best things. Law is the distinction be- 
tween what is just and what is unjust 1 ' ; and I think 71 that 
no* other- 7 ought to be accounted* a law'. Let the citi- 
zens 771 be persuaded" of this , that the gods are the rulers^ 
and directors 7 of all things, and that those (things) which 
are done 7 " are done by their power 8 and authority 1 , and that 
the same deserve" well" of" 7 the human race. 

a it is evident, constat. h invenio. c ad. d it follows, necesse 
est. e habeo. / in. s lit. the distinction of [things) just and unjust. 
h puto. * and — no, nee. J alius. k habeo, § 274, R. 8. l lit. any 
laic. m dat. § 223, R. 2. n perf. pass. § 260, R. 6, 2d paragraph. 
num. p dominus. q moderator. r gero, § 265. * ditio. * numen. 
u mereor. v op time. w de. 



VOCATIVE. 

<§> 240. The vocative is used, either with or with- 
out an interjection, in addressing a person or thing. 

You, Hannibal, know (how) to Vinco scio, Hannibal; 

conquer ; (but) you know not how victoria utor a nescio. 
to make use of victory. 

What more important affair, O Qui res unquam, pro 

holy Jupiter! ever occurred, not sanctus Jz/pifer/ non mo- 

in this city only, but in any coun- do in hie urbs, sed in 

try ? omnis terra 6 gero c mag- 

nus? 

Good gods, what is there long O deus bonus, quis 

in the life of man ! sum in homo vita diu ! 

The city, my (dear) Rufus, Urbs, urbs, meus Ru- 



§ 241. ABLATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 129 

stick to the city, and live in that fits, colo, et in iste lux 

light. vivo. 

Caesar, having fallen in disem- Caesar, prolapsus in 

barking from the ship, exclaimed, egressus navis, " Teneo 

" I have you fast, O Africa." tu," inquam, " Africa" 

Some fraud is concealed ; trust Allquis lateo error ; 

not the horse, O Trojans. equus ne credo, Teucri. 

Whither do you hasten, re- duo moriturus d ruo 1 
solved to die ? 

a § 229, R. 5. * pi. c pass. d § 274, R. 6. 

English to be turned into Latin. 

Ah a , ancient house, by how different 6 a master c art 
thou (now) governed ! O (ye) immortal gods ! men do not 
know* what 6 a revenue frugality -^ \s s . When Alexander the 
Great stood 71 by the tomb of Achilles, at* Sigaeum, he said, 
O fortunate youth, who found- 7 ' a Homer (to be) the herald 
of thy virtue ! O philosophy , (thou) guide of life, (thou) 
searcher* after virtue, (thou) hanisher 1 of vices! what would"* 
the life of man have been 71 without thee? O night ! who 
hadst almost brought eternal darkness over this city ? . O q 
(ye) immortal gods ! guardians T and preservers* of this city, 
what wickedness* have ye seen ! Go, go, my goats 11 , once u 
a happy flock ! Tell me, Damcetas, whose flock (is this?) 
Begin, Damcetas 10 ; (and) do you, Menalcas™ , follow in (your) 
turn*. In what condition 27 is the state"", (O) Panthus aa 1 

a O. b dispar. c domlnus. d intelligo. e quam magnus. / par- 
simonia. B § 265. h adsto, plup. § 263, 5, <fe § 233, (2,) 2d para- 
graph. i in. J § 264, 8. k indigatrix. l expultrix. m possum. 
n pres. ° to bring over, affero. p § 224. q pro. r custos. * con- 
servator. l scelus, pi. u capella. v quondam. w § 44, x in turn, 
deinde. y locus. z res summa. aa §54. 



ABLATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 

§241. Eleven prepositions are followed by the 

ablative. 

It was noticed that Pompey's Animadverto" longe 6 a 
line had advanced farther than vallum acies Pompeius 
usual from the fortification. progredior. 



130 



ABLATIVE AFTER PREPOSITIONS. 



§241. 



The year was quiet, in respect 
to foreign wars. 

But for you, I could not live 
to-day till sunset. 

The destitute traveller will sing 
in presence of the robber. 

Nothing is more discreditable 
than to engage in hostilities with 
him with whom you have lived on 
friendly terms. 

The pretor rose from his seat, 
and departed. 

We have wrested the sword 
from the hands of Catiline. 

Circe was born of Perseis, the 
daughter of Oceanus. 

I depart from life as it were 
from an inn, not as from home. 

Manlius paid the creditor (his) 
claim in the presence of the peo- 
ple. 

Hercules passed the river Ti- 
ber by swimming, driving the 
herd before him. 

It is proper to contend for the 
laws, for liberty, (and) for one's 
country. 

A great and memorable deed 
is not performed without dan- 
ger. 

The water of the river Trebia, 
having been swollen by a shower 
in the night, was as high as (their) 
breasts. 



Ab externus helium 
quietus annus sum. 

Absque tu sum c , hodie 
nunquam ad sol occasus 
vivo. 

Canto vacuus coram 
lairo viator. 

Nihil est turpis, quam 
cum is bellum gero, qui- 
cum d familiariter vivo e . 

Praetor de sella surrigo 
atque abeo. 

Catilina ferrum de ma- 
nus extorqueo. 

Circe sum e Perseis, 
Oceanus filia, natus. 

Ex vita discedo tan- 
quam ex hospitium, non 
tan quam ex domus. 

Manlius res creditor 
palam populus solvo. 

Hercules Tiberis flu- 
vius, prcE sui armentum 
agens, no / trajicio. 

Convenit dimico pro 
lex, pro libertas, pro pa- 
tria. 

Non facio sine pcricu- 
lum facinus magnus et 
memorabilis. 

Aqua Trebia flumen 
sum pectus terms, auctus 
nocturnus imber. 



impers. 
d § 136, R. 1. 



(256, R. 9. c lit. were it without you, §261, 1. 
§266, 1. /§ 275, III. R. 4. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The deserters" were compelled to fight with those to whom 
they had deserted 6 , and to stand by c those whom they had 



§ 242. ABLATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 131 

left. How fortunate I am in other respects'*, were it notfor e 
this one f (thing!) Titus had wept profusely^ in presence of 
the people. We departed^ from 1 the forum when it was now 
growing towards evening j . The Belgae, upon {their) way k , 
began to assault a town of the Remi. To my face 1 they often 
safely speak evil™ of me. For 71 joy, I know not where I am°. 
Caesar stationed the legions before p the camp. Q,. Pompey, 
without any recommendation" 1 of ancestors, obtained"" the 
highest* honors. Antiochus was directed to extend his do- 
minion' as far as u the Taurus, 

* perfuga. b transeo. c ab. d res, § 250. e were it not for, abs- 
que. / fern. g ubertim. h discedo. * de. S it groics towards even- 
ing, advesperascit. k ex itinere. l to my face, me palam. m lit. 
evil (things). n prae. ° § 265. p pro. 3 commendatio. r adi- 
piscor. * summus. ' to extend one's dominion, regno. u as far as, 
terms. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 

$ 242. Many verbs compounded with a, ab, abs, 
de, e, ex, and super, are followed by an ablative depend- 
ing upon the preposition. 

The agents of Sulla being in Conquiro minister" 

search of Caesar (to put him) to Sulla Caesar ad nex, mu- 

death, he, having changed his to vestis a nox urbs eld- 

dress, escaped by night from the bor. 
city. 

Relieve the city from, perhaps, Exonero vanus forsi- 

a groundless fear. tan metus civitas. 

When Atticus had refrained Attlcus quum biduum 

from food two days, (his) disease cibus sui 6 abstineo, levis c 

began to abate. morbus sum ccepi. 

The pretor was commanded to Decedo provincia pra> 

depart from the province. tor jubeo. 

The fox escaped from the well. Vulpeciila evddo pu- 

teus. 

Friendship is excluded from no Amicitia nullus locus 

place. excludo. 

I wish we could wipe away the UtTnam hie omnis fle- 

tears from all these. tus abstcrgeo' 1 . 



132 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPOUND VERBS. 



§242. 



I am absent both from (my) 
house and the forum. 

As soon as Metellus had set 
foot out of doors, he excelled 
almost all his fellow-citizens in 
virtue, honor, and dignity. 

R. 1. My porter kept no one 
from seeing me. 

They say the soul exists, after 
it has quitted the body. 

He will never keep his sacri- 
legious hands from me. 

He ought to detest that sus- 
picion. 

The Ibises avert pestilence 
from Egypt, as they kill and con- 
sume the winged serpents. 

The Lacedaemonians desisted 
from their long contention, and 
of their own accord yielded to 
Athens the supremacy of the sea. 



Et domus absum et fo- 
rum. 

Metellus simul ac pes 
limen effero, omnis prope 
civis virtus, gloria, digni- 
tas supero. 

Nemo a congressus me- 
us janitor meus absterrco. 

Aio animus maneo, e 
corpus cum excedo. 

Nunquam a ego sacri- 
legus manus abstineo. 

Ab iste suspicio ab- 
horreo debeo. 

Ibis averto pestis ab 
JEjgyptus, quum volucer 
anguis interficio atque 
consumo. 

Lacedaemonius de diu- 
tinus conteniio desist o, et 
suus spontis 6 Athenien- 
sis imperium maritimus 
principatus concedo. 



§ 257. ^ § 229. c comp. d § 263, 1. e § 249, II. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



The disgrace* of others 5 often deters tender minds from 
faults. Timoleon. with wonderful^ good fortune 6 , drove f 
Dionysius from every part^ of Sicily. Let us return 71 to 
those who have departed 1 from life. The Dolopes were in- 
habiting Scyros, whom Cimon banished from the city and 
island. By my own grief, O Romans- 7 ', I warded off j 
from k you and your children devastation', conflagration, 
(and) rapine 771 . 



a opprobrium. b of others, alienus. 
e good fortune, felicitas. / depello. 
R. 6. i excedo. i Quiris. k a, R. 1. 



c absterreo. d incredibilis. 
every part, omnis. h § 260, 
1 vastitas. m pi. 



§ 243. 



ABLATIVE AFTER OPUS AND USUS. 



133 



ABLATIVE AFTER OPUS AND USUS. 

<§> 243. Opus and usus, signifying need, are usually 
limited by the ablative. 



There is need of magistrates, 
without whose prudence and dili- 
gence the city cannot exist. 

When the testimony of facts is 
at hand, what need is there of 
words ] 

The body, that it may be 
strong, has need of much food, 
much drink, much oil, lastly, of 
much labor. 

It was decreed that Octavius 
should go to Rome, and should 
take back the ships which the 
consul did not need. 

Is there need of any man's tor- 
menting himself? 

There is no occasion for a long 
speech. 

The next (thing) is, that we 
should inquire whether there was 
any occasion for a fleet or not. 

What occasion have you for 
our assistance? 

What occasion was there for a 
letter? 

I am now in want of your ad- 
vice, your affection, and your fi- 
delity. 

There is no occasion for rea- 
son or argument, (to show) why 
pleasure should be sought for 
and pain avoided. 

R. 1. There is need of haste. 

There was no cause why there 
should be need of haste. 
12 



Magistrdtus opus sum, 
sine qui prudentia ac dil- 
igentia sum civitas non 
possum. 

Ubi res testimonium** 
adsum, qui opus sum 
verbum ? 

Corpus 6 , ut valeo, mul- 
tus cibus, multus potto, 
opus sum, multus oleum, 
longus denique opera. 

Decerno Octavius Ro- 
ma decedo c , reducoque 
navis, qui consul 6 usus 
non sum rf . 

An quisquam 6 sum usus 
homo sui ut crucio 1 

Oratio longus nil* 
opus sum. 

Propior sum, ut, opus 
sum 7 classis necne, quoe- 
ro. 

Q-uis tu opera noster 
opus sum? 

duis opus sum lite" 
rev? 

Nunc ego et consilium 
opus sum tuus, et amor, 
et fides. 

Non opus sum ratio, 
neque disputatio, quam- 
obrem voluptas expeto ? , 
fugio' dolor. 

Tflaturdtus opus sum. 

Sum nihil, cur prope- 
rdtus opus sum*. 



134 



ABLATIVE AFTER DIGNUS, &/C. 



§244. 



R. 2. What do you need in 
order to be good ? To be willing. 

Atticus gave all things from his 
own property which his friends 
needed. 

Verres said that many (things) 
were necessary for himself, ma- 
ny for his dogs which he had 
about him. 



Qui tu 6 opus sum ut 
sum bonus? Volo. 

Qui amicus suus opus 
jwn, Atticus omnis ex 
suus res familiaris do. 

Multus sui opus sum* 
aio- 7 Verres, multus ca- 
nis suus, qui circa sui 
habeo^. 



a pi. * §226. C §262,R.4. '§-266,1. e §234,11. /§ 265,11.2. 

g § 274, R. 8, & § 265. * § 264, 7, 4th paragraph. * § 272. J imp. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

We need your authority and advice a . The Athenians sent 
PhilipTdes to Lacedaemon to make known 6 of how speedy 
assistance (they) stood d in need. Nothing in civil dissen- 
sions 6 is safer than despatch -^ when there is more^ need of 
acting 11 than of deliberating 1 . Xenomenes has promised- 7 ' 
every (thing) which would be necessary k for you. 



a consilium. 
there teas need 
quam. 



nuncio, §264. 5. c celer. a " sum, ^266, 1; lit. 
' discordia. f festinatio. e more — than, magis — 
h R. 1. * consulo, R. 1. i polliceor. k R. 2. 



ABLATIVE AFTER DIGITUS, &c. 

§ 244. Digitus, indignus, contentus, prceditus, and 
fretus, are followed by the ablative. 



(Those) who are endued with 
virtue, are alone rich. 

(He) who is content with his 
own is truly the richest. 

C. Laelius, when a certain ill— 
born fellow said to him that he 
was unworthy of his ancestors, 
replied, " But, by Hercules, thou 
art not unworthy of thine." 

Every one ought to be content 



Qui virtus prceditus 
sum, solus sum dives. 

Qui suus a contentus 
sum is vere dives sum. 

C. Laelius, cum is qui- 
dam malus genus 6 natus 
dico indignus sum suus 
major es, " At, Hercule," 
inquam, " tu tuus haud 
indignus." 

Qui quisque e tempus* 



§244 



ABLATIVE AFTER DIGNUS, &,C. 



135 



with that time which is given him 
to live. 

Epicurus affirms that the gods 
are furnished with human limbs. 

Philosophy is content with few 
judges. 

Epicurus said that natural rich- 
es were easily procured, because 
nature was content with little. 

I see nothing in this Sulla 
deserving hatred, many (things) 
worthy of compassion. 

I think these things shameful 
and unworthy of me. 

Pompey is a wise man, and 
endued with a certain lofty mind. 

Relying on your fidelity and 
wisdom, I have taken up a greater 
burden than I feel myself able to 
support. 



ad vivo 6 do hf, contentus 

sum debeo. 

Epicurus confirmo, de- 
us membrum humanus 
sum pr&ditus. 

Sum philosophia pau- 
cus contentus judex. 

Epicurus naturalis di- 
vitise dico parabilis sum, 
quod parvus sum natura 
contentus. 

Nihil video in hie Sul- 
la odium dignus, miseri- 
cordia dignus multus. 

Turpis hie et ego in- 
dignus puto. 

Pompeius sum homo 
sapiens, et altus quidam 
mens pr&ditus. 

Fides s apt e?itiaque ves- 
ter fretus, multus onus d 
sustollo, quam fero ego 
possum intelligo. 



a pi. b § 246. 
(3,) (a.) 



223. 



§ 212, R. 3. • § 275, III. R. 3. / § 206, 



English to be turned into Latin. 

It is unworthy of God to do any thing" in vain, and with- 
out a motive 6 . The virtue of excellent men is worthy of 
imitation, not of envy. I think that he d , who has no sense 
of shame 6 , is worthy, not only of blame f , but of punishment. 
Relying on g your intelligence, I say A less* than the cause re- 
quires y . Most (persons,) trusting to g their talent, think and 
speak at once* ; but certainly the same (persons) would 
speak considerably* better, if they would take one m time for* 
thinking and another 7 " for speaking. 

° quis, § 137, 1, (a.) * causa. c puto. * § 206, (3,) (a.) e who 
has no sense of shame, queni non pudet. / reprehensio. e fretus. 
* dissero. i breviter. i desidero. k simul. l aliquanto. m § 207, 
R. 32. n ad. ° § 276, III. R. 3. 



136 



ABLATIVE AFTER UTOR, &C. 



§245. 



ABLATIVE AFTER UTOR, &c. 

$ 245, I. Utor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor, and 
dignor, are followed by the ablative. 



Augustus rarely* used any 
other than a home-made gar- 
ment, made by his wife, and sis- 
ter, and daughter, and grand- 
daughters. 

Tiberius enjoyed excellent 
health, although, from the thir- 
tieth year of his age, he managed 
it at his own pleasure, without 
aid or advice of physicians. 

Hannibal, having possessed 
himself of the ring of Marcellus, 
along with his body, sent letters 
to Salapia, drawn up in his name. 

There is a certain race of men 
who are called Helots, of whom 
a great multitude till the fields 
of the Lacedaemonians, and dis- 
charge the duty of slaves. 

I will use another word hereaf- 
ter, if I shall find a better. 

That is every one's own, which 
every one enjoys and uses. 

Use the good while it is pres- 
ent ; seek not for it when it is ab- 
sent. 

No one has lived too short a 
time, who has discharged the per- 
fect duties of perfect virtue. 

When we call corn Ceres, and 
wine Bacchus, we use a familiar 
kind of speech ; but do you think 
any one so mad as to believe that 



Vestis non temere ali- 
us quam domesticus utor 
Augustus, ab uxor, et so- 
ror, et filia, et neptis con- 
fectus. 

Tiberius valetudo pros- 
per 6 utor, quamvis a tri- 
cesmms aetas annus arbi- 
tratus c suus is rego^, 
sine adjumentum consili- 
umve medicus. 

Annulus Marcellus si- 
mul cum corpus Hanni- 
bal potitus, Salapia* lite- 
ras mitto is nomen com- 
positus. 

Sum genus quidam 
homo, qui-'" Helotae* vo- 
co, qui ingens multitudo 
ager Lacedaemonius colo, 
serv usque munus fungor. 

Verbum utor post alius, 
si invenio^ bonus. 

Is sum quisque^ pro- 
prius, qui quisqueyh/or 
atque utor. 

Bonum utor 1 , dum ad- 
sum J ; cum absum*, ne 
requiro*. 

Nemo parum diu vivo, 
qui virtus perfectus per- 
fectus fungor munus. 

Cum frux Ceres, vinum 
Liber dico, genus ego 
quidem sermo utor usi- 
tatus ; sed ecquis tarn 



§ 245. ABLATIVE AFTER LiETOR, GAUDEO, &,C. 137 

that is a god which he feeds up- aniens sum puto z , qui ille, 
on 1 qui vescor m y deus credo 71 

sum ? 

a lit. not icilhout special cause. b sup. e § 249, II. d § 263, 2. 

* § 237. / neut. sing. § 206, (10.) ° § 211, R. 3, M paragraph. 
v § 21 0, R. 2. * § 145, VI. h § 222, R. 2. « § 260, R. 6. / § 260. 

* § 263, 5. 7 § 260, R. 5. m § 266, 1. n § 264, 1. 

Nature leads* (us) to favor 6 those c who are entering up- 
on d the same dangers 6 which we have gone through f . The 
wise (man) both remembers past*" (things) with gratitude*, 
and so enjoys 1 present (things,) as to perceive ; how great* 
and how pleasant' they are" 1 . We see that the blessings" 
which we possess , the light ivhich we enjoy p , and the breath 
which we draw 9 , are given and imparted to us by God r . 

a fero. h § 273, 2. c § 223, R. 2. d to enter upon, ingredior, 
§ 266, 1. e ace. f perfiingor. e prceteritus. h lit. gratefully. * po- 
tior. .?' § 262. k quantus. l jucundus. m § 266, 1. n commo- 
dam. ° utor. p fruor. « duco. r § 248, I. 



$ 245^ II. Lcztor, gaudeo, glorior, jacto, nitor, sto, 
fido, confido, muto, misceo, epulor, vivo, assuesco, and 

consto (to consist of.) are often followed by the ablative 
without a preposition. 

Every species of vine naturally Omnis vitis genus nat- 

delights in warmth, rather than in uraliter Icetor tepor po- 

cold. tius quam frigus. 

Rejoice in this so distinguished Gaudeo tuus iste tarn 

good fortune of yours. exceilens bonum. 

The Helvetii gloried insolently Helvetii suus victoria 

in their victory. insolenter glorior. 

Here first Cyllenius, poised on Hie primum par nitor 

equal wings, alighted. Cyllenius ala consto. 

Their new kingdom depended Regnum is novus fra- 

upon fraternal harmony. ternus^o concordia. 

You shall not escape, though Hand efTugio, quamvis 

you trust to the aid of a horse. ops jido equinus. 

Scipio was trusting to his alii- Scipio affinitas Pom- 

ance by marriage with Pompev. peius confido. 
12* 



138 



ABLATIVE AFTER L.ETOR, GAUDEO, 



&C. 



§246. 



What joy has been exchanged 
for what sorrow ! 

Then we construct couches on 
the winding shore, and feast upon 
the rich food. 

The pleasantness of the house 
arose not from (its) structure, but 
from the forest. 

Some nations live on fish and 
the eggs of birds. 

No one can rely upon the vigor 
of (his) body, or the stability of 
(his) fortune. 

The prosperity of all of us, who 
engage in public affairs, depends 
not upon truth alone, but also up- 
on report. 

I am wont to take pleasure in 
nothing so much as in the con- 
sciousness of my attentions. 

R. 2. We properly glory in 
virtue. 

The safety of the state depend- 
ed upon the life of Pompey. 

III. I am in great fear, but in- 
dulge good hopes. 

In every part of Gaul, of those 
men who a re -of some rank and 
estimation, there are two classes ; 
the one is that of the Druids, the 
other that of the knights. 

In the same rank was Sex. 
JEYius, 



Qui gaudium qui mce- 
ror muto I 

Turn litus curvus ex- 
truo torus, et daps epulor 
oplmus. 

Domus amcemtas non 
adijicium, sed silva con- 
sto. 

Quidam natio piscis 
atque ovum avis vivo. 

Nemo possum aut cor- 
ipusjinnitas, aut fortuna 
stabilttas confido. 

Salus omnis ego, qui 
ad res publica accedo 
non Veritas solum, sed 
etmmfama nitor. 

Null us res tarn lector 
soleo, quam meus offici- 
um conscicntia. 

In virtus recte glorior. 

Pompeius in vita nitor 
salus civitas. 

Magnus timor sum, sed 
bene spero. 

In omnis Gallia is ho- 
mo, qui aliquis sum Hu- 
merus atque honor, genus 
sum duo ; alter sum Dru- 
Ides, alter eques. 

Numerus idem sum, 
Sex. iElius. 



English to be turned into Latin, 



All (kinds of) corn delight* most of all 6 in open fields, 
and (such as are) inclined towards** the sun. When we are 
freed 6 from pain, we rejoice f in the very release 5 and exemp- 
tion h from all uneasiness* ; but all that- 7 ' in which we delight f/ 
is a pleasure. May there be no grove* in which Apollo may 
glory 1 more. The youth is leaning, upon™ a headless 71 spear. 



§ 246. ABLATIVE OP THE SOURCE. 139 

All were desirous that Caesar should abide p by the terms' 1 
which he had proposed 7 *. The Phoenicians, (when) upon the 
deep, trust 8 to the Cynosure (as) their nocturnal guide. 
The Veneti trusted 1 much in the nature of the place. Many 
mingle the fodder" with much salt. They ever delight" to 
collect 10 fresh spoils*, and to live by plunder- ' . Oratory 2 " de- 
pends aa upon action, not upon imitation. Men accustomed bb 
to constant c and daily labor, when by reason rfd of the weath- 
er 6 e they are kept 77 from work", resort 7171 to the ball, to the 
tali, or to dice. 

? lsetor. * most of all, maxime. c recllvis. d ad. e privo. / gau- 
deo. e li be ratio. h vacuitas. ' molestia. J is.- k lucus. ' jac- 
to. m nitor. n purus. ° cupio. p sto. q conditio. r fero, § 266, 
*S. s fido. ' conf ido. " pabulum. v juvat, lit. it delights {them..) 
n convecto. x praeda. y raptum. z oratio. aa consto. bb assues- 
co. cc assiduus. dd causa. ce tempestas. // prohibeo. gg § 252. 
hh to resort, me confero. 



ABLATIVE OF THE SOURCE. 

<§> 248. Perfect participles denoting origin are often 
followed by the ablative of the source, without a prepo- 
sition. 

O thou, descended from Sat- Ortus Saturnus, cur a 

urn, the care of great Caesar is magnus Caesar fatum do a 

committed to thee by the fates. tu. 

Lucius Catiline, descended Lucius Catiiina, nobi- 

from a noble family, was of a Us genus natus, sum inge- 

wicked and depraved disposition, nium 6 malus pravusque. 

We exhort him to say from Hortor fari quis san- 

what race (he is) sprung. guis cretus. 

O Maecenas, sprung from royal Maecenas, atdvus edi- 

ancestors. tusrex c . 

Archias was of noble birth. Archias natus sum lo- 
cus nobilis. 

Tasgetius was of very illustri- Sum superus locus na- 

ous birth, tus Tasgetius. 

Litavicus and his brothers were Litavicus atque is fra- 

young men, born of a very high ter sum amplus familia 

family. natus adolescens. 



140 



ABLATIVE OF THE SOURCE. 



§247. 



Your will can retain unharmed, 
in the state, a man of noble birth, 
of the greatest talents, (and) of 
the most exalted virtue, (who is,) 
moreover, most obliging and 
grateful. 

There was a certain Myscelos, 
descended from the Argive Alem- 
onis. 

The low birth of Servius Tulli- 
us did not restrain (him,) though 
sprung from a mother (who was) 
a slave. 

He is descended from free par- 
ents. 

R.'l. A Trojan Caesar shall 
spring from an illustrious race, 
who shall limit his empire by the 
ocean, his fame by the stars. 

R. 2. Caesar ascertained that 
most of the Belgae were sprung 
from the Germans. 



Nutus tuus possum ho- 
mo, superus locus natus, 
superus ingenium, supe- 
rus virtus, ofliciosus prse- 
terea, et gratus, incolii- 
mis in civitas retineo. 

Sum Argolicus gene- 
rdtus Alemonis quidam 
Myscelos. 

Servius Tullius obscu- 
ritas non inhibeo, quam- 
vis mater serva credtus. 

Liber parens sum ori- 
undus. 

Nascor pulcher Troja- 
nus origo Caesar, imperi- 
um Oceanus, fama qui 
termino aster. 

Caesar reperio, pleri- 
que Belgae orior ab Ger- 
mdnus. 



perf. b all. § 211, R. 6. c § 204. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

Publius Africanus caused it to be believed*, that he was 
not sprung b from the human race , but from a divine stock. 
You see me, a consul, sprung 6 from an equestrian family 6 . 
The Sabine maids of honorable f families 6 came to Rome r 
on account* -of the games. What kind of person 1 does the 
grand<on j of Tantalus and son k of P clops seem to you (to 
be ?) We understand' that Latinus was the son 171 of Fau- 
nus and of the Laurentian nymph Marica. Ancus Marti us 
was the grandson of Numa Pompilius by a daughter 11 . Mer- 
cury w r as the- son* of Jupiter and Maia. 



a to cause to be believed, fidem facio. b satus. c sanguis. d ortus. 
' locus. / honestus. e § 237. h causa. * what kind of person, 
qualis. J prognitus. * natus. l accipio. m genitus. " by 
daughter, filia ortus. 



by 



§ 247. 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &C. 



141 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &c. 

§ 247. Nouns denoting the cause, manner, means, 
and instrument, after adjectives and verbs, are put in 
the ablative without a preposition. 



Morals have been corrupted by 
the admiration of wealth. 

Every one is most attracted by 
his own pursuit. 

Some are moved by grief, oth- 
ers by passion. 

I agree with those who think 
that all these things are regulated 
by nature. 

He who fears that which can- 
not be avoided, can by no means 
live with a quiet mind. 

It cannot be told how much I 
was delighted with your yester- 
day's discourse. 

Some amusement is allowed to 
youth by the consent of all. 

All Italy has been inflamed 
with the love of liberty. 

He offended no one in deed, 
word, or look. 

The Roman people expressed 
their pleasure by a very great 
shouting. 

I wondered that you had writ- 
ten to me with your own hand. 

I perceive that you are rejoiced 
at my moderation and forbear- 
ance. 

We are inclined by nature to 
love mankind. 

All men are captivated by 
pleasure. 



Mos corrumpo admi- 
ratlo divitice. 

Suus quisque studium 
maxime duco. 

Alius dolor moveo, 
alius cupiditas. 

Assentior is qui hie 
omnis rego natura puto. 

Qui is, qui vito non 
possum, metuo, is vivo 
animus quietus nullus 
modus possum. 

Dico non possum, quam 
hesternus disputatio tuus 
delector". 

Do concessus omnis 
aliquis ludus adolescen- 
tia. 

Totus Italia desiderium 
libertas exardeo. 

Nemo res, verbum, vul- 
tus offendo. 

Magnus clamor suus 
populus Romanus sig- 
nifico voluntas. 

Admiror, quod ad ego 
tuus manus scribo 6 . 

Lastor tu noster mod- 
eratio et continentia vi- 
deo. 

Natura propensus sum 
dilicro c homo. 

Voluptas capio omnis. 



142 



ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, 



&LC. 



§ 247. 



We judge of the uneasiness 
and pain of the body by the 
mind, but perceive not the dis- 
ease of the mind by the body. 

The wise (man) is accustomed 
to measure the use of money, not 
b'y (its) magnitude, but (its) ra- 
tional employment. 

The enemy having been con- 
quered, the Roman king tore in 
pieces, by means of swift horses, 
Mettus FurTetius, the violator of 
the treaty. 

Both the robber and the cau- 
tious traveller are girded with 
a sword. 

How many more men have 
been destroyed by the violence 
of men, by wars and seditions, 
than by every other calamity ! 

Neptune struck the earth with 
his trident. 

We especially admire him who 
is not moved by money. 

A saying of Caesar's is pre- 
served to the pilot alarmed by so 
great danger; "What dost thou 
fear? Thou art carrying Caesar." 

Thence they come to Sidon, a 
city famous for its antiquity and 
the renown of its founders. 

Men, suffering by a severe dis- 
ease, when they are made restless 
by heat and fever, if they drink 
cold water, seem at first to be 
relieved. 

R. 1. I cannot write the rest 
by reason of my tears. 

R. 2. Many on account of 
friendship had followed Caesar 
from the city. 



Corpus gravidas'* et 
dolor animus judico, 
animus morbus corpus 
non sentio. 

Sapiens soleo usus pe- 
cunia non magnititda sed 
ratio metior. 

Hostis vinco, rex Ro- 
manics ruptor foedus Met- 
tus Fuffetius pernix equus 
distraho. 

Et latro et cautus prae- 
cingo* ensis viator. 

Quantus-'' plus homo 
deleo impetus homo, hel- 
ium aut seditio, quam 
omnis reliquus calami- 
tas ! 

Neptunus tridens suus 
terra percutio. 

Maxime admiror is, 
qui pecunia non moveo. 

Exto ad trepldus tan- 
tus discrimen gubernator 
vox Coesar; " (luis ti- 
meo? Caesar veho." 

Tnde Sidon 5 ^ venio\ 
urbs vetustas famaque 
conditor inclytus. 

Homo oeger morbus 
gravis, quum cestus fe~ 
brisque jacto, si aqua 
gelidus bibo% primo rel- 
evo videor. 

Non prcB lacrima pos- 
sum reliquus- 7 scriho. 

Multus ex urbs ami- 
cilia causa Caesar sequor. 



§ 247. ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &,C. 14tT 

I desired this more on your Vester magis hie cause 

account than my own. volo, quam mens, 

R. 3. The ediles divided to Frumentum vis ingens, 

the people, with the greatest qui ex Africa P. Scipio 

fidelity and acceptableness, a mitto,aediles, ez/msuperus 

large quantity of corn, which fides et gratia divide 
P. Scipio had sent from Africa. 

R. 4. Appius had given to Appius turma aliquot 

Scaptius several squadrons of eques do Scaptius, per 

cavalry, by means of which he qui Salaminius coerceo. 
might coerce the Salaminians. 

° § 265. > 5 2 73; 5. c j 275? m R 3 d ^ 229 e sing ^ f c ^ 
B..6. * § 80, 1. h §248, R. 1, & § 184,2. * § 261, 2. * pi. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Many diseases are cured* by abstinence and rest. Men 
were born for the sake 1 of men. Proud Rome herself is 
ruined c by her own prosperity" 1 . Let us always worship 6 
God with a pure mind. Many, being seduced f by the hope 
of greater richest have lost^ what they possessed* 1 . A dis- 
course 1 ought 7 ' to be more embellished* with thoughts 1 than 
tvords. Pharos guides 771 the course of ships by nightly fires 
from (its) tower. Timanthes, when he wished 71 to express 
the size of the sleeping Cyclops, painted satyrs near p 
(him,) measuring his thumb with a thyrsus. The Roman 
republic was established by the genius, not of one (man,) 
but of many. The king of the Parthians, terrified by the 
renown of Nero, sent his children (as) hostages to Caesar. 
No tree 7 " can be planted*, of such long duration by the cul- 
ture of a husbandman* as by the verse of a poet. Athenagoras, 
who had dared to export corn in a famine, was beaten" with 
rods v . The expectation of a gladiatorial show™ had in- 
creased" 7 by (means of) rumor, and by the talk? of the com- 
petitors. 

a euro. h causa. c franco. d bonum, pi. e veneror. f allicio. 
*" perdo. * lit. present (riches.) * oratio. i debeo. * ornatus. l sen- 
tentia. m rego. n cupio. ° magnitude p juxta. ° § 230. R. 2. 
r stirps. s semino. ' lit. so lasting a tree can be planted by the culture 
of no husbandman. " credo. ° virga. w a gladiatorial show, munus. 
x cresco. y pi. 



144 ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, &LC. § 247. 

On the death of Marcius", L. Tarquinius was created 
king, with all the votes of the people. A camp servant 6 was 
once c found d near the bed-chamber 6 of Augustus, girt 7 with 
a hunting-knife 5 . Betis, looking at 71 Alexander not only 
with an undaunted', but even with a haughty- 7 countenance , 
uttered no word* in answer' to m his threats. Dionysius sent 
a ship adorned with garlands 11 to meet Plato p ; (and) him- 
self, in a chariot of four white horses 5 , received 7 " (him) on 
the shore when he landed 5 . I came in a very heavy ( rain 
to Capua, the day before the nones" ; the consuls had 
not yet arrived", but were about to arrive. A good man 
retains, with unfading*" memory, benefits received* ; but 
(those) which he has himself conferred 27 he remembers, as 
long as* he who has received"" (them) is grateful. 

a lit. Marcius being dead, § 257. h a camp servant, lixa. c quon- 
dam. d deprehendo. e cubiculum. / cinctus. s culter venatoris. 
h to look at, intueor. l interritus. J contumax. k vox. l to utter in 
answer, reddo. m ad. n adorned icith garlands, vittatus. ° obviam. 
p § 228, 1. q a chariot of four white horses, quadriga alba. r ex- 
cipio. s when he landed, egrediens, § 274, 3. l very heavy, maxTmus. 
u § 326, 3. v venio. w immortalis. x percipio. y tribuo z as long 
as, tamdiu — quoad. <"* accipio. 

The Roman commander walked" in the gymnasium, in h a 
cloak and slippers* , and gave (his) attention** to the palaestra. 
The Romans borrowed 6 (their) armor 7 and military weapons 
from the Samnites ; the insignia of (their) magistrates prin- 
cipally* from the Tuscans; and executed 71 with* the greatest- 7 ' 
zeal, at home*, what 7 appeared 771 useful n among allies or 
enemies. When Isocrates perceived^ 3 that orators were 
heard icith severe judgment*, but 7 " poets with 1 pleasure, he 
is said to have cultivated 5 a rhythm*, which we might use 
even in prose". The Romans sent" ambassadors to 1 " the 
consuls, to announce* (to them,) that they should collect 37 
with 1 care the relics of the two armies. It has been estab- 
lished* by nature, that those (things,) which we have written 
with 1 labor, we think" " are also heard with 1 labor. Danaus 
first 66 came from Egypt to Greece by sea cc . The Roman 
people placed statues in every quarter Jd to Marius ee , and 
performed a supplication ff with incense and wine. Augus- 
tus used to play'* at dice hh , marbles 1 1 , or nuts, with little ; - 7 ' 
boys, whom he collected** from all quarters*', especially" 1771 
Moors" " and Syrians. 



§ 248. 



THE VOLUNTARY AGENT. 



145 



a inamhulo. h cum. c crepida. 



'■ opera. * sumo. / arraa. 
plerusque, lit. most of the insignia . h exsequor. * R. 3. J superus. 
k § 2*21, R. 3. l and what, que annexed to the relative. m videor. 
n idoneus. ° apud. p video. q severe judgment, seventas. r autem, 
§ 279, 3. 3d paragraph. s sequor. l numerus, pi. u oratio. v § 145, 
I. 3. *'§ 225, 4. * § 264, 5. * § 273, 3. z comparo, impers. ; lit. it 
has been so established. °° puto. hb § 205, R. 15. cc by sea, nave; 
dd in every quarter, vicatim. ee § 223. // to perform a supplication, 
supplico. gs § 145, 2, 1. hh talus. il oeellatus. JJ parvulus. 
kk conqulro. ll from all quarters, undique. mm proecipue. nn ace. 



THE VOLUNTARY AGENT. 



<§> 248. The voluntary agent of a verb in the pas- 
sive voice is put in the ablative with a or ab. 



Alcibiades was educated in the 
house of Pericles and instructed 
by Socrates. 

Perdiccas is slain at the river 
Nile by Seleucus and Antigonus. 

Alexander the Great was car- 
ried off by disease at Babylon : 
Philip was killed near the theatre 
by Pausanias, when he was going 
to see the games. 

A public slave was sent to kill 
Marius with a sword, which 
(slave) had been taken by that 
commander in the Cimbrian war. 

The father of Casticus had 
been called a friend by the senate 
and Roman people. 

Divico replied, that the Helvetii 
had been so instructed by their 
ancestors, that they were accus- 
tomed to receive hostages, not to 
give (them.) 

Cassar found on inquiry, that 
13 



Alcibiades ediico in 
domus Pericles, et eru- 
dio a Socrates. 

Perdiccas apud flumen 
Nil us inter jicio a Seleu- 
cus et Antigonus. 

Alexander Magnus 
Babylon" mors consu- 
mo : Philippus a Pausa- 
nias, quum specto 6 eo 
ludus, juxta theatrum oc- 
cido. 

Interficio c gladius Ma- 
rius mitto servus publi- 
cus, qui ab is imperdtor 
bellum^ Cimbricus capio. 

Casticus pater a send- 
tus populusque Romdnus 
amicus appello. 

Divico respondeo, ita 
Helvetii a mqjdres su- 
us instituo, uti obses ac- 
cipio, non do, consuesco. 

Reperio Caesar in quae- 



146 



THE VOLUNTARY AGENT. 



§248. 



the commencement of the flight 
had been made by Dumnorix and 
his horsemen. 

The same day Caesar was in- 
formed by scouts, that the enemy 
had encamped near the mountain. 

Considius informs Caesar, that 
the mountain, which he wished 
to be occupied by Labienus, was 
held by the enemy. 

Ariovistus replied that he had 
not crossed the Rhine of his own 
accord, but had been invited by 
the Gauls, and was occupying set- 
tlements in Gaul ceded by them. 

The Arverni and Ruteni were 
vanquished in war by Q. Fabius 
Maximus. 

The father of C. Valerius Ca- 
burus was presented with the 
freedom of the city, by C. Va- 
lerius Flaccus. 

Miltiades exhorted the keepers 
of the bridge not to let slip the 
opportunity afforded them by for- 
tune of giving freedom to Greece. 

R. 1. The inner teeth, which 
are called the jaw-teeth, masticate 
the food. 

The Suevi bathe in rivers. 

All things change, nothing per- 
ishes. 

R. 2. Some said that Sulla had 
died by robbers, others, by indi- 
gestion. 

Otho did not disguise, that it 
was of no moment whether he 
fell in battle by the enemy, or in 
the forum by creditors. 



ro c , initium fuga facio a 
Dumnorix atque is eques. 

Idem dies ab explordtor 
Caesar ceitusf acio, hostis 
sub mons consido. 

Considius Caesar dico, 
mons, qui a Labienus 
occupo volo, ab hostis 
teneo. 

Ariovistus respondeo, 
transeo Rhenus sui non 
suus spons, sed arcesso a 
G alius, et sedes habeo in 
Gallia ab ipse concedo. 

Bell urn super o Arverni 
et Ruteni a Q. Fabius 
.Maximus. 

C. Valerius Caburus 
pater a C. Valerius Flac- 
cus civltas-^ clono. 

Miltiades hortor pons 
custos, ne a fortuna 
clatus occasio libero^ 
Graecia dimitto*. 

Interior dens, qui ge- 
nuinus voco, conficio 
esca. 

Suevus lavo in flu men. 

Omnis inuto ; nihil in- 
tereo. 

Sulla morior alius a la- 
iro y alius cruditas dico. 

Otho non dissimiilo, 
nihil refero, ab hostis in 
acies, an in forum sub 
creditor cado. 



a § 254. b § 276, II. c § 275, III. R. 3. 
R. 4. / § 249, I. s § 275, II. * § 262. 



§ 253. * § 275, III. 



§ 249. THE ABLATIVE OF THAT WITH WHICH, &,C, 147 

THE ABLATIVE OF THAT WITH WHICH, &c. 

<§> 249 5 I. A noun denoting that with which the 
action of a verb is performed, though not the instru- 
ment, is put in the ablative without a preposition. 



God has filled the world with 
all good things. 

The inhabitants of Crotona 
formerly desired to enrich the 
temple of Juno with choice 
paintings. 

Nature has adorned Germany 
with armies of very tall men. 

The son of Papirius (when) 
consul dedicated the temple of 
Cluirinus, vowed by his father 
(when) dictator, and adorned (it) 
with the spoils of the enemy. 

Neptune filled the sails with 
favorable winds. 

The queen filled the cup with 
pure wine. 

Come, my companions, and fill 
with me your laps with flowers. 

Uttering such exclamations she 
was filling the whole house with 
groans. 

The sun is of so great a size 
that it enlightens and fills all 
things with its light. 

All the cities are filled with 
grief and slaughter. 

The neck of the bull is bur- 
dened with the plough. 

He loads the ships with pro- 
visions. 

Covered with gold, they champ 
the yellow gold beneath their 
teeth. 



Deus bonum omnis ex- 
pleo mundus. 

Crotoniatae quondam 
tempi urn Juno egregius 
pictiira locupleto volo. 

Natura Germania dec- 
oro altus homo exercitus. 

/Edes QuirTnus, ab 
dictator pater votus filius 
Papirius consul dedico, 
ezotmoque hostis spolium. 

Neptunus ventus im- 
pleo velum secundus. 

Regina impleo merum 
patera. 

Comes accedo, et esro- 
cum vester flos repleo 
sinus. 

Talis vocifero gemitus 
tectum omnis rejpleo. 

Sol tantus magnitudo 
sum ut cunctus suus lux 
illustro et complco. 

Luctus atque cades 
omnis oppidum complco. 

Taurus cervix onero 
ardtrum, 

Commcdtus navis one- 
ro. 

Tectus aurum, fulvus 
mando sub dens aurum. 



148 ABLATIVE OF ACCORDANCE. § 249. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

Bagophanes had strewed 0, the whole way with flowers and 
garlands; placing 6 silver altars on either side, which he 
heaped not only with frankincense, but with every species of c 
odors. The pillars^ which sustain the whole weight 6 of the 
hanging 7 gardens were built* of stone; above the pillars the 
surface 71 was paved' with square ; stones, supporting* the 
earth' which they laid^ deep upon™ (it.) Hamilcar subdued 75 
the greatest and most warlike nations, and enriched all 
Africa with horses, arms, men, (and) money. 

a consterno. b dispono, § 257, R. 5. e every species of, omnis. 
d pila. e onus, f pensilis. g instruo. h solum. * sterno. f quad- 
ratus. k patiens. l § 213. m to lay upon, inyicio. n sublgo. ° locu- 
pleto. p pres. 



ABLATIVE OF ACCORDANCE. 

<§> 249^ II. A noun denoting that in accordance with 
which any thing is, or is done, is often put in the ablative 
without a preposition. 

At home he maintained such a Intra paries alo is 

reputation as no poet has, in my gloria, qui nemo quidem, 

opinion, acquired. meus judicium poeta con- 

sequor. 

Pompey will conquer according Pompeius SuIIanus* 

to the manner and example of mos ezemplumcpie vinco, 
Sulla. 

Socrates, according to the tes- Socrates, omnis erudi- 

timony of all learned men, and tus testimonium, totusque 

the judgment of all Greece, was judicium Grcecia, philos- 

the prince of philosophers. ophus omnis sum prin- 

ceps. 

We dissent widely from those Ah is, qui pecus 5 ritus 

who, like brute animals, refer ad voluptas omnis refero, 

every thing to pleasure. longe dissentio. 

a adj. h pecus, udis. 



§ 249. ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT. 149 



English to be turned into Latin. 

He erected upon* piles a very lofty tower after h the man- 
ner of the Pharu3 at Alexandria*. Perseus, driven' by 
contrary 7 winds, is carried now hither, now thither, like* a 
watery cloud. It may with probability' 1 be concluded*, that 
he is properly first according to his own judgment, who is' 
second according to the judgment of all others. Similar to 
this*, at least' in my judgment, are those 771 (passages) in 
which words are withheld 71 from modesty . Then arose** 
the celebrated 9 Demetrius Phalereus, the most accomplished 7 ", 
in my opinion 10 , of them 5 all. They are unwilling to feed' a 
glutton", and they are wise", at least* in my opinion™. 

a to erect upon, superpono. h in. c exemplum, ace. d at Alex- 
andria, adj. limiting Pharus. e actus. / discors. g exemplum. 
h probabiliter. * conficio. J § 266, 1. k qui, § 206, (17.) l at least, 
quidem. m neut. n subtraho. ° from modesty, pudoris gratia. p ex- 
sisto. q § 207, R. 24. r politus. * iste. ' alo. u homo edax. * to 
be wise, sapio. w sententia. 



ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT. 

<$> 249, III. The ablative denoting accompaniment 
is usually joined with cum. 

Turnus extends both his hands Turnus duplex cum 

with his voice towards the stars. vox manus ad sidus 

tendo. 

I remarked that along with your Dico ego, cum ceterus 

other honorable distinctions this tuus laus hie sum vel 

was even the greatest, that you magnus, qudd non solum 

not only said what was necessary, qui opus sum a , dico 6 ; sed 

but also omitted to say what was etiam qui non opus sum", 

not necessary. non dico 6 . 

With peace a cheaper rate of Urbs cum pax laxus 

provisions returned to the city. etiam annona redeo. 

Among other things, the am- Cum ceterus res lega- 

bassadors were bringing to the tus ille quoque eximius 

Capitol that choice gift also. ■ donum in Capitolium af- 



fero. 



13 



150 



ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT. 



$ 249. 



There he ordered the clouds to 
abide, and with the lightnings the 
winds producing cold. 

Thrice and four times he shook 
the terrific locks of (his) head ; 
with which he agitates the earth, 
the sea, (and) the stars. 

Great cities perish with their 
walls ; and the fires turn to ashes 
whole nations with their tribes. 

The woods with the mountains 
are set on fire. 

The Caucasus is kindled, and 
Ossa with Pindus, and Olympus, 
greater than both. 

The Don smoked in the midst 
of its waves, and the swift Isme- 
nus with Arcadian Erymanthus. 

The same accident dries the 
Thracian rivers Hebrus with the 
Strymon. 

The light terrifies the infernal 
king with his wife. 

In the chapel of Concord men 
were stationed with swords. 

Perception is lost at the same 
time with life. 

Caesar with all his forces set 
out in pursuit of the Helvetii. 



Illic consisto nubes ju- 
beo, et cum fulmen faci- 
ens frigus ventus. 

Terrificus caput con- 
cutio terque quaterque 
ca3saries c ; cum qui terra, 
mare, sidus, moveo. 

Magnus pereo cum ma> 
nia urbs : cumqxie suus 
totus populus incendium 
gens in cinis verto. 

Silva cum mons ardeo. 

Caucasus ardeo, Ossa- 
que cum Pindus , mag- 
nusque ambo Olympus. 

Medius Tanais fumo 
in unda, et celer Ismenos 
cum Phocaicus Eryman- 
thus. 

Fors idem amnis Is- 
marius Hebrus cum Stry- 
mon sicco. 

Lumen infernus terreo 
cum conjux rex. 

In cella Concordia 
cum gladius homo col- 
loco. 

Pariter cum vita sensus 
amitto. 

Caesar cum omnis copia 
Helvetii sequor ccepi. 



I 266, 1. & § 2G6, 3. c sing. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



Along with* her blood she pours forth 6 her c life. He 
hates the string, the bow, his c hand, and with his c hand, his c 
rash weapons. The hostile** Trojans 6 demand punishment/ 
with blood. I am borne, with my c companions and my c son, an 
exile to the deep. I would have destroyed" the son and the 



§250. 



ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. 



151 



father with the (whole) race h . The god plunges* him head- 
long^ into the liquid waves, with a part of the stern torn 
away fc , and with the helm. 



a along zclth, panter cum. 
3d paragraph. d infensus. 
7, od paragraph. h genus. 



h to pour forth, fundo. c § 207, R. 35, 
Dardanldee. f pi. s extinguo, § 162, 
1 projicio. J praeceps. k revello. 



ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. 

§ 250. A noun, adjective, or verb, may be followed 
by the ablative, denoting in what respect their significa- 
tion is taken. 



I am inclined to think that, in 
eloquence, C. Gracchus has no 
equal ; he is grand in diction, 
wise in sentiment, (and) dignified 
in his whole style. 

The wild bees are rough in 
their appearance, much more pas- 
sionate, but excellent in labor. 

Pamphilus was a Macedonian 
by nation. 

Tullia, the wife of Tarquin, 
was not dissimilar in her charac- 
ter, who, to salute her husband 
kino-, drove her affrighted horses 
over her bleeding father. 

R. 1, (1.) Cato, exempt from 
all human faults, always had for- 
tune in his own power. 

Apelles painted a picture of 
king Antigonus, wanting one eye, 
and made it oblique, that what 
was wanting to the body might 
seem rather to be wanting to the 
picture. 



Eloquentia quidem 
nescio an habeo a par ne- 
mo C.Gracchus; gran- 
dis sum verbu?n b , sapiens 
sentential, genus totus 
gravis. 

Apis silvester horridus 
sum aspectus, multus 
iracundus, sed labor prcc- 
stans. 

Pamphilus sum d Mace- 
do natio. 

Non abhorreo mos Tul- 
lia, Tarquinius uxor, qui, 
ut vir rex saluto, super 
cruentus pater consterna- 
tus ago equus. 

Omnis humanus viti- 
um immunis Cato, sem- 
per fortuna in suus potes- 
tas habeo. 

Pingo Apelles Antigo- 
nus rex imago alter ocu- 
lus orbus, obliquusque 
facio, ut qui corpus de- 
sum d pictura potius de- 
sum videor. 



152 ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. §250. 



A mind free from uneasiness 
makes (men) perfectly and abso- 
lutely happy. 

We have not seen a sword out 
of the scabbard in the city. 

The mind during sleep is free 
from sensations and cares. 

"Whenever we are free from 
(our) necessary business and 
cares, then we long to hear, to 
see, and to learn something new. 

(2.) While they are free from 
one kind of injustice, they fall in- 
to another. 

You will show that death is 
free from every evil. 

I hope that our friendship 
wants not witnesses. 

Can he, who is not, want any 
thincr ? 

While we are free from guilt, 
let us bear ali human (events) 
with patience and moderation. 

How long shall he, who excels 
all enemies in wickedness, be 
without the name of an enemy ? 

As long as I shall live, I will 
be uneasy at nothing, while I am 
free from all guilt. 

You want not my prayers and 
encouragement. 

The one, as Isocrates said, 
wants a bridle, the other spurs. 

His oration abounded with ev- 
ery grace. 

Dumb animals are destitute of 
the affections of men, but they 
have certain impulses resembling 
them. 

Almost the whole of Spain 
abounds in mines of iron, brass, 
gold, (and) silver. 



Perturb at w vacuus an- 
imus perfecte atque ab- 
solute beatus efficio. 

Gladius vagina vacuus 
in urbs non video. 

Animus per somnus 
sum sensus et cura vacu- 
us. 

Cum sum necessarius 
negotlum curaqne vacu- 
us, turn aveo aliquis vi- 
deo, audio, addisco. 

Dum alter injustitia 
genus vaco, in alter in- 
curro. 

Doceo careo omnis 
malum mors. 

Spero noster amicitia 
non egeo testis. 

An possum is, qui non 
sum, res ullus careo 1 

Culpa cum careo, om- 
nis human us placate et 
moderate fero. 

Quousque is, qui om- 
nis hostis scelus supero, 
nomen hostis careo 1 

Nee dum sum, angor 
ullus res, cum omnis va- 
co culpa. 

Prcx noster et cohorta- 
tio non indigeo. 

Alter, uti dico Isocra- 
tes, frenum egeo, alter 
calcar. 

Oratio is omnis orna- 
mentum abundo. 

Mutus animal huma- 
nus affectus careo, habeo 
autem similis ille quidam 
impulsus. 

Met a Hum ferrum*, aes, 
aurum, argentum, totus 
fere Hispania scateo. 



§ 250. ABLATIVE DENOTING IN WHAT RESPECT. 153 

No part of life can be exempt Nullus vita pars vaco 

from duty. officium possum. 

The Minturnenses put Marius Minturnenses Marius, 

on shipboard, furnished with trav- instructus viaticum, col- 

elling expenses and garments latusque vestis, in navis 

raised by contribution. impono. 

R. 3. I ask what shall be done Q,ugero, si, qui volo 7 

respecting the money, if there vendo, non sum 5 ', quis 

shall be none who are willing to pecunia facio' 1 ? 
sell ? 

° § 265, R. 3. * pi. c § 256, R. 16. d imp. e gen. f § 264, 6. 
s fut.perf. h fut. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Roman state" passed 6 its infancy under seven kings, 
as various in (their) disposition as the benefit** of the republic 
demanded. The lieutenant of Metellus was C. Marius, born 
of equestrian rank 6 , pure f in (his) life, excellent^ in war, 
(but) most pernicious 11 in peace. The Lacedaemonian Agesi- 
laus was king in name, not. in power, like 1 the rest of the 
Spartan kings. Nothing is more scandalous- 7 ' than a man 
advanced in age k , who has no other ' argument by which to 
prove™ that he has lived long except" (his) age. Ennius 
was older than Plautus and Naevius. 

a res. b habeo. c ingenium. d utilitas. e locus. / sanctus. 

s optimus. h pessimus. * sicuti. J turpis. k a man advanced in 

age, grandis natu senex. l alius. m § 264, 5. n praeter. ° major 
natu. 

Romulus chose" a place for his city, both abounding in 
springs and healthy 6 , (though) in a pestilential district . He 
placed it on the bank of a river discharging itself d into the 
sea e , that- 7 ' it might ff both receive (that) from the sea which 
it needed 11 , and give* (that) of which it had a superabundance j . 
Pleminius put the tribunes to death*, and, not glutted 1 with 
(their) punishment (while) living, cast them forth™ unburied. 
The mind can never be free 11 from agitation and movement . 

a deli go. b saluber. c regio. d discharging itself, influens. 
• § 224, R. 4. / quo. g possum. * egeo, § 266, 1. * reddo. J to 
have a superabundance, redundo. k to put to death, interficio. l satia- 
tus. m to cast forth, pvoyicio. n to be free, careo. ° motus. 



154 



ABLATIVE OF PRIVATION AND SEPARATION. 



§251. 



ABLATIVE OF PRIVATION AND SEPARATION. 

$251. A noun denoting that of which any thing 
is deprived, or from which it is separated, is often put 
in the ablative without a preposition. 



P. Claudius, when the chick- 
ens, set free from the coop, would 
not feed, ordered them to be 
plunged into water, that, as they 
would not eat, they might drink. 
The children of the proscribed, 
excluded from (their) paternal 
were also forbidden the 
being competitors for 



property, 
right of 
honors. 
These 



(things) having been 
atoned for according to the Sib- 
ylline books, in great measure 
freed (their) minds from super- 
stitious fear. 

R. 1. The Portian law removed 
the rod from the bodies of all 
Roman citizens. 

R. 2. P. Laenas hurled S. Lu- 
cilius from the Tarpeian rock, 
and when his colleagues had 
fled to Sulla, forbade them fire 
and water. 



P. Claudius, quum ca- 
vea liber citus pullus non 
pascor a , mergo is in aqua 
jubeo, ut bibo, quoniam 
edo 6 nolo. 

Proscriptus liberi, ex- 
clusus paternus opes c , 
etiam petendus* honor 
jus prohibeo. 

Hie procuratus ex li- 
ber Sibylllnus magnus 
ex pars levo religio ani- 
mus. 

Portius lex virga ab 
omnis civis Romanus 
corpus removeo. 

P. Laenas S. Lucilius 
saxum c Tarpeius dejicio, 
et quum collega is ad 
Sulla profugio, aqua ig- 
m'sque is e interdico. 



§ 262, 5. * 5 i8i. c | 242 d j 2 75, 11. * § 224. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

You wi\\free a us from every uneasiness h . Caesar marked 
some standard-bearers with disgrace^, and removed* them 
from (their) rank 7 . The Athenian people banished" Pho- 
cion from (his) country. Why should we, by adding ex- 
pense' 1 to sacred rites', debar j poverty from approaching 11 
the gods' ? Caesar considered" 1 (it) sufficient 71 for the pres- 



§ 252. 



ABLATIVE OF PRICE. 



155 



ent° to prevent 7 " the enemy from plundering 9 9 foraging 1 ", and 
laying waste*. 

a expedio. b molestia. c nonnullus. d infamia. e moveo. /lo- 
cus. e pello. h sumtus, lit. expense being added. § 257. * sacred 
rites, sacra. J arceo. k aditus. l gen. m habeo. n satis. ° for the 
present, in prsesentia. p prohibeo. q raplna, pi. r pabulatio, pi. 
8 laying waste, populatio. 



ABLATIVE OF PRICE. 



$252. The price of a thing is put in the ablative, 
except when expressed by the adjectives tanti, quanti, 
pluris, minoris. 



M. Seius, during a dearth of 
corn, gave the people a bushel 
for an as. 

I know that a white nightin- 
gale, which is (a thing) almost 
unheard of, was sold for six thou- 
sand sesterces, for a present to 
Agrippina, the wife of Claudius. 

The vindication of liberty cost 
Cicero his life. 



Isocrates sold 
twenty talents. 

King Attalus 
dred talents for 



one oration for 

offered a hun- 
one picture of 



Aristides, a Theban painter. 

From Verres even the common 
crier, who pleased, purchased the 
rank of a senator with money. 

He sold (it) to some one for a 
large sum of money. 

I would most willingly have 
redeemed the state from destruc- 
tion at my own private loss. 

I sell my (goods) for no more 
than other persons, probably for 
less. 



M. Seius, in annona 
caritas, as modius popu- 
lus do. 

Scio sestertius sex, lus- 
cinia candidus, qui sum 
prope inusitatus, veneo a , 
qui Agrippina Claudius 
conjux donum 6 do c . 

Vindicta libertas Cice- 
xo d mors sto. 

Viginti talentum unus 
oratio Isocrates vendo. 

Aristides, Thebanus 
pictor, unus tabula 6 cen- 
tum talentum rex Atta- 
lus liceor. 

Ab Verres et prasco, 
qui volo, ordo senatorius 
pretiwn mercor. 

Ahquis vendo pecunia 
grandis. 

CalamTtas e ego a res- 
publica meus privatus in- 
commodum f libenter red- 
lmo. 

Vendo meus non mul- 
tus quam ceterus, fortas- 
se etiam parvus. 



156 



ABLATIVE OF TIME. 



§253. 



R. 2. Chrysogonus bought a 
vessel of Corinthian brass, for so 
great a price, that those who 
heard the price reckoned, thought 
a farm was selling. 

R. 3. It is for the interest of 
the seller that the thing should 
sell for as much as possible. 



Chrysogonus vas ali- 
quis Corinthius tantus 
pretium mercor, ut, qui 
pretium enumero audio, 
fundus veneo arbitror. 

Venditor expedio, res 
veneo^ quam plurimus. 



a § 142, R. 3. * § 227. c § 264, 5. * § 223. 
s § 209, R. 2. 



fpk 



English to be turned into Latin. 

A scruple of gold was worth* twenty sesterces. Caelius 
pays a rent & of thirty thousand (asses). That victory cost c 
the Carthaginians^ much blood. (That) which is unneces- 
sary 6 is dear at a half-penny f . In this suit" Timotheus is 
found guilty*, and the penalty' was fixed j at a hundred tal- 
ents. Caelius hired* a house at a moderate' (price) upon 
the Palatine hilF. 

a to be worth, valeo. b to pay a rent, habito. c sto. d dot. e non 
opus. /as. g judicium. h to find guilty, damno. Mis. i sestimo 
k conduce l non mag-no. m Palatine hilt, Palatium. 



ABLATIVE OF TIME. 



<§> 253. A noun denoting the time at or within 
which any thing is said to be, or to be done, is put in 
the ablative without a preposition. 



The origin of all this wicked- 
ness shall be explained in its 
proper time. 

The senate was at the same 
time in the temple of Concord. 

There are three things which 
at this time may make against 
Roscius. 

You wrote me a letter on your 
birth-day. 



Suus tempus totus hie 
scelus fons aperio. 

Sum idem tempus se- 
natus in aedis Concordia. 

Tres sum res, qui ob- 
sto hie tempus Roscius. 

Natalis dies tuus scribo 
epistola ad ego. 



§ 253. 



ABLATIVE OF TIME. 



157 



I call to mind in the evening 
whatever I may have said, heard, 
or done, every day. 

During the winter which fol- 
lowed, the German Usipetes, and 
also the Tenchtheri, with a great 
multitude of men, crossed the 
river Rhine not far from the sea. 

Caesar set sail about the third 
watch. 

The next day the enemy, hav- 
ing assembled much greater 
forces, assault the camp. 

Corinth was taken in the fourth 
year of the one hundred and 
sixty-first Olympiad, in the six 
hundred and eighth (year) of 
Rome. 

Who is there who can believe 
that Apollo answered Pyrrhus in 
Latin? Besides, Apollo had al- 
ready ceased to make verses in 
Pyrrhus's time. 

The Arabs, Phrygians, and Ci- 
licians, because they chiefly prac- 
tise the pasturage of cattle, trav- 
erse the plains and mountains in 
summer and winter. 

The troops assembled, accord- 
ing to command, in the beginning 
of spring; and Hannibal, having 
reviewed the auxiliaries of all the 
nations, went to Gades, (and) paid 
(his) vows to Hercules. 

The male deer have horns, and 
lose (them) every year at a stated 
time in the spring ; therefore, they, 
about this time, seek as unfre- 
quented (places) as possible. 

R. 1. The first Olympiad was 
established 108 years after Ly- 
14 



Quis quisque dies di- 
co, audio, ago, commem- 
oro vesper. 

Is, qui sequor, Jdems, 
Usipetes Germani, et 
item Tenchtheri, mag- 
nus cum multitudo ho- 
mo, flumen Rhenus trans- 
eo, non longe a mare. 

Caesar tertius fere vi- 
gilia solvo. 

Hostis posterus dies, 
multus magnus copia co- 
go, castra oppugno. 

Corinthus capio annus 
quartus Olympias centes- 
imus sexagesimus pri- 
mus, Roma sexcentesi- 
mus ocidvus. 

(Juis sum qui credo* 
Apollo Latine Pyrrhus 6 
respondeo ? Praeterea, 
Pyrrhus tempus jam 
Apollo versus facio des- 
mo. 

Arabs et Phryx et Ci- 
lix, qudd pastus pecus* 
maxtme utor, campus et 
mons hicms et cestas pera- 
gro. 

Ver primus ad edictum 
copia convenio; et Han- 
nibal, quum recenseo 
auxilium omnis gens, 
Gades pronciscor, Her- 
cules votum exsolvo. 

Cervus mas cornu ha- 
beo, et omnis annus, sta- 
tus ver* tempus amitto, 
ideo sub ipse dies quam 
ma xi me invius peto. 

Centum et octo annus-'* 
postquarn Lycurgus lex 



158 



ABLATIVE OF TIME. 



§253. 



curgus undertook to enact his 
laws. 

T. Larcius was appointed dic- 
tator about ten years after the 
first consuls. 

By reckoning the years of the 
kings, it may be discovered, that 
Pythagoras first reached Italy one 
hundred and forty years after the 
death of Numa. 

R. 2. Carthage was destroyed 
one hundred and seventy-seven 
years ago, when it had stood six 
hundred and sixty-seven years. 

Demosthenes, who lived nearly 
three hundred years ago, said, 
that even then the Pythia took 
Philip's part. 

R. 3. We took an afternoon 
walk in the Academy, principally 
because that place at that time 
was free from a crowd. 

R. 4. At dawn of day Marcel- 
lus entered Syracuse with all his 
forces. 

At this time no state afforded 
assistance to the Athenians ex- 
cept the Plataeans. 



scribo instituo, primus 
pono Olympias. 

Dictator instituo de- 
cern fere annus post pri- 
mus consul T. Larcius. 

Regius annus dinu- 
mcro*, intelligo possum, 
annus fere centesimus et 
quadragesimus post mors 
Numa primus 71 , Italia 
Pythagoras attingo. 

Carthago diruo, quum 
sto annus sexcenti sexa- 
ginta septem, abliinc an- 
nus 1 centum septuaginta 
septem. 

Demosthenes, qui ah- 
liinc annus 1 prope trecen- 
ti sum, jam turn Pythia 
cum Philippus facio dico. 

Ambulatio post merid- 
iarms conficio in Aca- 
demia, maxlme qudd is 
locus ab turba is tempus 
vacuus sum J . 

Sub lux Marcellus om- 
nis copia* Syracuse in- 
gredior. 

Hie in tempus nullus 
civitas Atheniensis aux- 
ilium z sum prseter Platse- 
ensis. 



n § 264, 7. h 
* § 205, R. 15. 
1 § 227. 



223. 
1 ace. 



' pi. d gen. udis. e gen. f all. s § 257. 
3 § 26G, 3, * § 249, III. 2d paragraph. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



The catching" of tunnies 6 is from the rising of the Pleia- 
des to the setting of Arcturus ; in the rest d of the season 6 
they lie 7 in the bottom^ of the deep waters*. When the 
Roman garrison 71 was besieged i by the Ligustines, a swal- 
low, taken J from (her) young*, was brought' to Fabius Pic- 



§ 253. Ablative of time* 159 

tor, that, a thread™ being tied" to her foot, he might give 
notice by the knots, upon what p day relief would arrive 9 . 
Augustus died r on the fourteenth (day before) the calends 5 of 
September, at the ninth hour of the day, in the seventy-sixth 
year of (his) age. Although Homer's age' is doubtfui", yet 
he lived" many years before Romulus. The corpse" 7 of Al- 
exander was transferred to Memphis, and thence, a few years 
after*, to Alexandria. Socrates, on the last 27 day of (his) 
life, discoursed* at large aa on 66 the immortality of the soul; 
and, a few days before*, when he might easily have been de- 
livered cc from prison'^, refused 66 . Aristides was recalled to 
(his) country five years after ff he had been expelled. The 
consul himself so urged'^ the work 7l7i , that, on. the forty-fifth 
day after'* the timber™ had been taken jj from the forest 00 , 
the ships, equipped** and tackled'*, were launched 771 " 1 into 
the water. 

a captura. h thynnus. c Vergiliae. d § 205. R. 17. * tempus. 
f lateo. s gurges. h presidium. • obsideo. i ablatus. * pullus. 
1 affero. m linum. n aliigo. ° significo. p quotus. 9 advenio, 
§ 200, R. 7, (2.) r obeo. s § 326, 3. * tempus. pi. u incertus. 
v sum. w corpus. x R. 1. y superus. z dissero. aa at large, 
multa. 66 de. cc educo. dd custodia. ee nolo, ff jive years after, 
post annum quintum qukm. ee insto. hh § 224. il quam, without 
post. 3i detraho. kk instructus. " armatus. mm deduco. nn ma- 
teries. 00 pi. 

Tyre was taken" in the seventh month after 6 it had begun 
to be besieged'*. Caesar defeated 6 Pharnaces, son of Mithri- 
dates, in a single 7 battle 5 ", in four hours after* 1 he came in 
sight'. Gymnasia were invented many centuries j before* 
philosophers began to prate* in them. As to what 771 Flavius 
says, that I gave security 71 more than twenty-five years ago p 
for 9 Cornihcius, I wish r you would take pains* to ascertain* 
whether it is u so. If Cn. Pompey had lived" five hundred 
years ago w , death would have extinguished envy, and his 
exploits 1 would rest 2 ' on the glory* of an immortal aa name. 
The planet Saturn 66 completes 60 its revolution**** in about 66 
thirty years ; the planet Jupiter 66 completes the same revo- 
lution ff in twelve years. The tide 1 ^ happens twice in the 
space of twenty-four hours. Pompey, in forty-nine 7171 days, 
added*' Cilicia to the Roman empire. The army of Alexan- 
der, in the space of fifteen days, surmounted-" Caucasus, 
which divides Asia with a continued chain**. 

a capio. b quam, icithout post. c ccepi. d oppugno. ' profligo. 



160 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE IN WHICH. 



§254. 



/ unus. s acies. h after, quibus, R. 1, 3d paragraph* * conspec- 
tus, §235, (2) S sasculum. k before, ante, in the first clause, and 
quam, in the second. l garrio. m § 206, (14.) n to give security, 
spondeo. ° amplias. v abhinc, with abl R. 2. q pro. r § 2(30, II. 
R. 4. * to take pains, do operam, § 262, R. 4. ' § 273, 1. u whether 
it is, sitne, § 265. * sum. w abhinc, with ace. x res gestse. y ni- 
tor. z § 245, II. aa sempiternus. bb gen. cc conficio. dd cur- 
sus. ee fere. ff orbis. sg rest us maris. hh undequinquagesimus 
** adjungo. 'ii supero. kk jugum. 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE IN WHICH, &c. 



$ 254. The name of a town in which any thing is 
said to be, or to be done, if of the third declension ar 
plural number, is put in the ablative without a prepo- 
sition. 



you were at 
often in the 



I suppose, when 
Athens, you were 
schools of the philosophers. 

Sulla was so far from taking 
any part, that he was all the while 
at Naples. 

There is a strong report at Pu- 
teoli that Ptolemy is (restored to 
his) kingdom. 

Tolumnius, king of the Veien- 
tes, killed four ambassadors of the 
Roman people at Fidense. 

Some of the Greeks affirm that 
painting was invented at Sicyon ; 
others, among the Corinthians. 

They say that Lysander was 
wont to remark, that the most 
honorable abode of old age was 
at Lacedaemon. 

At Megara, there long stood in 
the forum a wild olive-tree, to 
which valiant men had affixed 
their arms, which the bark, in 
process of time, growing round, 
had hidden. 



Sum sgepe, credo, cum 
Athena sum, in schola 
philosophus. 

Sulla ita quiesco, ut is 
tempus omnis Neapolis 
sum. 

Puteoli magnus sum 
rumor, Ptolemseus sum 
in regnum. 

Tolumnius, rex Veien- 
tes, quatuor legatuspopu- 
lus Romanus Fidence in- 
terimo. 

Grsecus, alius Sicyon, 
alius apud Corinthius re- 
perio affirmo pictura. 

Lysander dico aio so- 
leo, Lacedatmon sum ho- 
nestus domicilium senec- 
tus. 

Megara diu sto oleas- 
ter in forum, qui vir for- 
tis afFigo arm a, qui cor- 
tex ambio longus setas 
occulto. 



i- 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE IN WHICH. 



161 



The learning of the Athenians 
themselves has long since perished 
at Athens, (and) yet any illiterate 
Athenian can easily surpass the 
most learned Asiatics in the 
sweetness of his pronunciation. 

R. 1. Manlius spent his youth 
in the country. 

It accidentally happened that 
we were in the country. 

The father suffered him to be 
in the country. 

Give my compliments to Attica, 
who, I suppose, is in the country. 

He has always lived in the 
country. 

L. Manlius was accused, be- 
cause he had banished his son Ti- 
tus from mankind, and had order- 
ed him to live in the country. 

R. 2. A ship has been pre- 
pared for us both in Caieta and 
at Brundisium. 

R. 3. Memmius relates the 
crimes of Jugurtha at Rome and 
in Numidia. 

We have been acquainted with 
the crimes of Verres, not only in 
Sicily, but in Achain, Asia, Cili- 
cia, Pamphylia, and, finally, at 
Rome. 



Athena jamdiu doctrl- 
na ipse Atheniensis inter- 
eo, tamen erudltus homo 
Asiaticus quivis Atheni- 
ensis indoctus suaviter 
loquor* facile supero. 

Manlius rus juventa 
ago. 

Forte evenio, ut rus 
sum. 

Pater hie rus sum pa- 
tior. 

Attica salus do, qui 
rus sum arbitror. 

Rus semper habito: 

L. Manlius criminor, 
quod Titus filius ab ho- 
mo relego 6 , et rus habito 
jubeo. 

Navis et in Caieta pa- 
ro ego et Brundisium c . 

Memmius Roma Nu- 
midiaque facinus Jugur- 
tha memoro. 

Verres flagitium non 
in Slcilia solum, sed in 
Achaia, Asia, Cilicia f 
Pamphylia, Roma deni- 
que nosco. 



a § 275, III. R. 4. &§2CG, 3. c §221. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Timoleon destroyed*, from (its) foundations, the citadel 
which Dionysius had built 6 at Syracuse. Tarquin the Proud 
died at Cuma. The oracles at Delphi cease. Quinctius 
was a man of patrician family , who, because** he was lame 
from a wound, determined 6 to pass (his) life in the country. 



a disjicio. b 



gens 



quum. 



constituo. 



162 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE FROM WHICH. 



§255. 



ABLATIVE OF THE PLACE FROM WHICH, &c. 



§ 255. After verbs expressing or implying motion, 
the name of a town whence the motion proceeds is put 
in the ablative without a preposition. 



Demaratus, the father of king 
Tarquin, fled from Corinth to 
Tarquinii, and established his for- 
tunes there. 

Caesar departed from Tarrago- 
na,, and came by land a to Nar- 
bonne, and thence to Marseilles. 

Dionysius sent for Plato from 
Athens. 

Epaminondas the Theban had 
a slanderer, one Menaclides, also 
from Thebes. 

I received your letters from 
Placentia, then others the next 
day, written from Blandeno. 

Csesar retired from Alexandria, 
happy, as he thought himself c . 

He had gone from Rome, un- 
acquainted with military affairs. 

jEschines, (when) condemned, 
left Athens, and went to Rhodes. 

The same day I left Capua, and 
staid at Cales.' 

I received a packet of letters 
from Rome, without a letter from 
you. 

R. 1. I am undone ; for now 
I am exiled from home; I fear 
my brother, lest he should be 



Demaratus, rex Tar- 
quinius pater, fugio Tar- 
quinii Corinthus, et ibi 
suus fortuna constituo. 

Csesar Tarrdco disci- 
do, pesque 6 Narbon, at- 
que inde Massilia perve- 
nio. 

Dionysius Plato Atlie- 
nce arcesso. 

Epaminondas Theba- 
nus habeo obtrectator, 
Menaclides quidam, in- 
didem Thebes. 

Accipio tuus literee 
datus Placentia, deinde 
alter postridie datus 
JBlandeno. 

Csesar Alexandria sui 
recipio felix, ut sui qui- 
dem videor. 

Roma proftciscor res* 
militaris rudis.. 

^Eschines damno cedo 
Athence, et sui Rhodus 
confero. 

Is dies Capua discedo, 
et maneo Cales 6 . 

Accipio Roma sine 
epistola tuus fasciculus 
literee. 

Pereo ; nam domus ex- 
ulo nunc ; metuo frater 6 , 
ne intus sum; porro ail- 



§256. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 



163 



within ; and moreover, (T fear) 
lest my father should have re- 
turned from the country. 

When 'fully returns from the 
country, I will send him to thee. 

A way must be tried, by which 
I may raise myself also from the 
ground. 

R. 2. Libo departed from Brun- 
disium. 

Bibulus had gone by ship from 
Ephesus to Syria, about the fif- 
teenth of August. 

R. 3. Cotta fled from Sicily 
into Africa. 

Clodius came from Sardinia to 
Rome. 

Dolabella departs from Del us. 

The Indians never remove from 
their country. 

If Pompey quits Italy, what 
should you think I ought to do ? 



tem, pater ne rus redeo 
jam. 

Cum Tullius rus red- 
eo f , mitto is ad tu. 

Tento- via, qui ego 
quoque possum 71 tollo hu- 
mus, 

Libo discedo a JBrun- 
disium. 

Bibulus circiter Idus 
Sextllis ab Ephesus in 
Syria navis 6 projiciscor. 

Cotta ex Sicilia in Af- 
rica profugio. 

Clodius ex Sardinia 
Roma venio. 

Dolabella Delus proji- 
ciscor. 

Indi nunquam migro 
Jinis suus. 

Si Pompeius Italia ce- 
do*, quis ego ago puto ; 1 



° lit. on foot. h pi. c lit. as he seemed to himself. d § 213. 
e § 229, R. 5, M paragraph, f § 145, VI. * § 274, R. 8. h § 260, II. 
* § 361, 2. J § 260. II. R. 4. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 

§ 258. The comparative degree is followed by the 
ablative, when qudrn is omitted. 

Who was ever more knowing Quis hie homo sciens 



than this man? 



unquam sum f 



What is more shameful than Quis sum temeritas 

rashness? turpi s? 

Those things which I have Is qui dico sol ipse 

said are clearer than the sun clarus sum. 
itself. 

What is more desirable than Quis sum optabilis so- 

wisdom ? pientia ? 



164 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 



§ 256. 



Nothing is more commendable 
than mildness and clemency. 

A shameful flight from death is 
worse than any death. 

What is more disgraceful than 
inconstancy, levity, and fickle- 
ness ? 

Nothing is more delightful than 
true glory. 

(My) country is much dearer 
to me than my life. 

What can we call more wretch- 
ed than folly? 

What is more pleasing than 
literary ease? 

Nothing is more inconstant 
than the common people, nothing 
more uncertain than the inclina- 
tion of mankind*. 

There is nothing more pleasing 
to man than the light of truth. 

What is better or more excel- 
lent than goodness and benefi- 
cence ? 

Silver is less valuable than 
gold. 

Who can speak of the institu- 
tions of our forefathers better 
than thou, Scipio, since thou art 
thyself of most illustrious ances- 
tors ? 

No man, with more elegance 
than Scipio, diversified the inter- 
vals of business with leisure. 

There is nothing more amiable 
than virtue; nothing which more 
attracts men to love. 

Tullus Hostilius (was) not only 
unlike the last king, but even 
more warlike than Romulus. 

R. 3. Certainly the ignorance 



Nihil sum laudabilis 
placabilitas atque de- 
mentia. 

Turpis fuga mors om- 
nis sum mors mains. 

Quis sum inconstantia, 
mobilitas, levitas turpis 1 

Nihil sum dulcis verus 
gloria. 

Patria ego vita meus 
multus sum cams. 

Miser stultitia quis pos- 
sum dico? 

Quis sum dulcis otium 
^literatus? 

Nihil sum incertus vul- 
gus, nihil obscurus volun- 
tas homo. 

Nihil sum homo Veritas 
lux dulcis. 

Quis sum bonus, aut 
quis prccstans bo7iitas-et 
beneficmtia ? 

Vilis sum argentum 
aurum. 

Quis tupotius, Scipio, 
de majores dico 6 institu- 
tum, quum sum c clarus 
ipse majores^ ? 

Nemo elegans Scip io 
inter vallum negotium oti- 
um dispungo. 

Nihil sum amabilis 
virtus; nihil qui magis 
allicio homo ad diligo 6 . 

Tullus Hostilius non 
solum propior rex dis- 
ss mil is, sed fcrox etiam 
Romulus. 

Certe ignoratio futurus 



§ 256. 



ABLATIVE AFTER COMPARATIVES. 



165 



of future evils is better than the 
knowledge. 

It is fit that our country should 
be dearer to. us than ourselves. 

R. 4. The Roman people saw 
nothing with more pleasure than 
the elephants with their towers. 

The multitude, when they have 
been seized with a groundless 
superstition, are more obedient to 
their prophets than their generals. 

Xerxes was defeated by the 
counsel of Themistocles, more 
than by the arms of Greece. 

The hypocrisy of those who do 
many (things) that they may seem 
beneficent, is more allied to false- 
hood than to liberality. 

R. 6. I am more than thirty 
years old. 

The camp extended more than 
eight miles in breadth. 

The soldiers fought very brave- 
ly more than four hours. 

R. 9. Many feel their own 
wrongs more deeply than they 
ought. 

The consuls had turned the 
thoughts of the citizens more 
than usual to themselves. 

Caesar is said to be about to 
come sooner than was expected. 

Old age is naturally rather 
loquacious. 

Most of the exploits of Dat- 
ames are too little known. 

The corn, in Gaul, on account 
of the drought, had been unu- 
sually scanty. 

R. 10. The Po is inferior to 
no river in clearness. 



malum utilis sum qudm 
scientia. 

Decet carus sum 7 pa- 
tria ego qudm cgometipse. 

Nihil libenter popiilus 
Romanus adspicio, qudm 
elephantus cum turris 
suus. 

Multitudo, ubi vanus 
religio capio, bene vatcs s 
qudm dux suus pareo. 

Vinco Xerxes Themis- 
tocles magis consilium 
qudm arm a Graecia. 

Simulatio is qui ut be- 
neficus videor multus fa- 
cio, vanitas sum conjunc- 
tus qudm liber alt t as. 

Plus triginta annus 
nascor. 

Castra amplius mille 
passus octo in latitQdo^ 
pateo. 

Miles amplius Jiora 
quatuor fortiter pugno. 

Multus injuria suus 
graviter cBquus habeo. 

Consul plus solitus 
converto in sui civitas 
animus. 

Caesar opinio celeriter 
venio dico. 

Senectus sum natura 
loquax. 

Obscurus sum Data- 
mes gestum plerusque. 

Frumentum in Gallia 
propter siccitas" anguste 
provenio. 

Pad us sum nullus am- 
nis i claritas inferus. 



166 



ablative After comparatives. 



§256. 



Wisdom accounts all human 
(things) inferior to virtue. 

R. 11. The Suevi labor to ob- 
tain corn and other productions, 
more patiently than would be ex- 
pected from the customary inac- 
tivity of the Germans. 

R. 12. The besieged engaged 
in battle more fiercely than stead- 

The design of Maraces was 
not more sagacious in its plan, 
than fortunate in its issue. 

R. 13. The news of the igno- 
minious peace was more distress- 
ing than (that) of danger. 

Galba commanded a much 
higher cross than the rest to be 
erected. 

R. 14. The event shows, that 
we have aimed at quiet from the 
beginning, and have sought noth- 
ing else than the common liberty. 

R. 15. (His) opinion was un- 
derstood (as) more severe than 
he had intended. 

R. 16. The towers on the 
walls of Babylon are higher by 
ten feet than the walls. 

Augustus bore the deaths of 
his family a good deal more pa- 
tiently than their disgrace. 

It is a custom of the Sicilians 
sometimes to make the month 
longer by a single day, or by two 
days. 

How much more widely the 
rule of duty extends than that of 
law ! 



Sapientia humanus om- 
nis infer us virtus j duco. 

Suevi frumentum cete- 
rusque fructus patienter, 
qudm pro solitus Germa- 
nus inertia laboro. 

Obsessus acriter qudm 
constanter prselium ineo. 

Consilium Maraces 
non ratio prudens qudm 
eventus felix sum. 

Tristis ignominiosus 
pax mctgis, quam pericu- 
lum, nuntius sum. 

Galba multus prceter 
ceterus altus statuo crux 
jubeo. 

Ego ab initium specto 
otium, nee quisquam 
alius libertas communis 
quaero, exitus declare. 

Sententia gravtter, at- 
que ipse sentio, excipio. 

Turris in murus Baby- 
lon deni pes quam murus 
altus sum. 

Aliquantus patienter 
mors quam dedecus suus 
fero Augustus. 

Sum consuetudo Sicu- 
lus, ut nonnunquam unus 
dies longus mens is facio, 
aut biduum. 

Quantus late officium 
pateo quam jus regula! 



a pl b § 260. R. 5. c § 263, 5. * § 311 , R. 6. e § 275, III. R. 3. 
/ § 269, R. 2. * § 223, R. 2. » ace. * § 212. i all. 



$ 257, ABLATIVE ABSOLU'J^. 167 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Long* labor would be 6 superfluous in (our) studies, if it 
were impossible to find out any thing d better than what 
has gone before 6 . Since we are seeking-^ justice, a thing 
much ? more precious 11 than any* gold, we certainly- 7 ought 
to shrink* from no irksomeness of labor l . The battle was 
more ferce m in assault" and courage , than regular 9 in 
arrangement^. Marseilles 7 ', more faithful 3 than prudent 1 , 
delayed" for a time** the haste of Caesar. I am not afraid", 
O judges, that w , inflamed by my own enmities*, I should 
seem to utter y these (things) with more imllingness z than 
truth a(l . The road by which all travelled 66 was as long 
again cc , but it abounded with every things. I affirm 6 * this 
to you, that you are- 77 " in no gg greater danger 7 * 71 than any 
one fi of us- 77 . The sun is many times n larger than the 
earth. The more difficult a thing 771 m is, the more hon- 
orable 7171 . 

a comp. h fore, § 261, 1. c it is possible, licet. d nihil. e rchat has 
gone before, prseteritus. / § 262, 5. g R. 16. h cams. * omnis. 
J profecto. k fugio. l irksomeness of labor, molestia. m acer. n im- 
petus. ° animus, j&L p compositus, R. 12. q ullus ordo. r Massilia. 
* faithful, fide bonus. ' consilio prudens, R. 12. u moror. v timeo. 
w § 262, R. 7. x lit. by the hatred of rny own enmities. y evoino. 
z with willingness, libenter. aa with truth, vere. bb commeo, § 145, 
II. 1. cc as long again, alter tantus longus, R. 16, (2.) dd lit. zoas 
abounding, fyc. § 213. ee confirrao. // § 272. ss nihilum, R. 16. 
hh discrltnen. il quivis. JJ § 212. kk aliquam diu. ll multis parti- 
bus. mm quis, § 137, 1, c. nn prseclare. 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 

<§> 257. A noun and a participle are put in the ab- 
lative called absolute, to denote the time, cause, or con- 
comitant of an action, or the condition on which it 
depends. 

When pleasure rules, all the Magnus virtus jaceo 

greatest virtues must lie pros- omnis necesse sum, vo- 

traie. luptas dommans. 

Fompey, on the capture of Pompeius, captus Hie' 



168 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 



§257. 



Jerusalem, touched nothing that 
belonged to the temple. 

In the three hundred and sec- 
ond year after Rome was built, 
the form of government was 
changed again, the supreme pow- 
er being transferred from the 
consuls to decemviri. 

A very great earthquake took 
place in the reign of Tiberius 
Caesar, twelve cities of Asia hav- 
ing been leveled in one night. 

When the tribunitian power 
had been granted by the senators 
to the people, arms dropped (from 
their hands,) and faction was ex- 
tinguished. 

Galba, having fought several 
successful battles, and taken ma- 
ny of their fortifications, when 
ambassadors had been sent to 
him from all charters, and hos- 
tages had been given, having 
brought about a peace, deter- 
mined to station two cohorts 
among the Nantuates. 

When the Germans heard a 
shout behind (them,) throwing 
away their arms, and abandoning 
their standards, they rushed forth 
from (their) camp. 

A jar began to be formed ; why, 
as the wheel revolves, does a 
pitcher come forth ? 

The Athenians, having been ap- 
prized of these events, (and) fear- 
ing, lest, if the Lacedaemonians 
were again victorious, they should 
be reduced to their former condi- 
tion of servitude, assembled an 
army. 



rosolyma, ex ille fanuni 
nihil attingo. 

Annus trecenteslmus 
alter quam n condo Roma, 
iterum muto forma civi- 
tas, ab consul ad de- 
cemvir translates impe- 
riwn. 

Magnus terra existo 
motus Tiberius Caesar 
principatus, duodecim 
urbs Asia unus nox pros- 
trates. 

Concessus plebs a pa- 
ter tribunitius potestas, 
arma cado, et seditio 
restinguo. 

Galba, secundus ali- 
quot prceliumf actus* , cas- 
tellumque complures is 
expugndtus h , missus ad is 
undique legates, obses- 
que dates, et pax f ac- 
tus*, constituo cohors 
duo in Nantuates collo- 
co. 

Germanus, post ter- 
gum clamor auditus 1 , ar- 
ma abjcctus, signumque 
militaris relictus, sui ex 
castra ejicio. 

Amphora coepi insti- 
tuo ; currens rota cur 
urceus exeo ? 

Qui res cognites,Athe~ 
niensis verens, ne, ite- 
rum Laccdcemonius vic- 
tor , in pristinus sors 

is redi 
tus contraho. 



§ 257. ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 169 

The Arcadians, having armed Armdtus instj-uctusque 

and equipped an army, (and) hav- exercitus Areas, adhibi- 

ing called to their assistance the tas in auxilium Thebd- 

Thebans, seek by war to recover nus, amissus bellum rep- 

(their) lost (possessions.) eto. 

a § 253. R. I, 2d paragraph, last clause. b R. 5. c R. 7. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

They* say that JEschines, at the request of the Rhodians, 
read his own oration, and then (that) of Demosthenes, each 
with the loudest 6 applause . A yoke is made of three 
spears^, two being fixed in the ground, and one tied 6 across 7 
above (them.) Democntus, when his eyesight 5 was lost, 
could not distinguish black 71 from' white 71 ; but he could, 
good 71 from evil, justice- 7 from injustice, honorable from base 
(things.) Eclipses are not visible* every where, sometimes 
on account of the clouds*, more frequently"' on account of 
the interposition of the sphere of the earth". The old Ro- 
mans all wished that kingly power should be exercised , as 
the ckarm p of liberty had not yet been experienced" 1 . When 
a vesseV has been put in rapid motion , after l the rowers 
have stopped", the vessel itself still retains its movement and 
progress", though the force' and impulse* of the oars has 
been suspended^ '. This not only cannot be praised, but 
not even allowed*, that we should not defend even (those 
who are) most completely strangers™ (to us,) though our 
own friends accuse (them.) Coelius writes that C. Flamini- 
us fell at fc0 Trasymenus, to cc the severe 6 ^ injury 66 of the 
republic, by neglecting the rites of religion ff . Scipio, by 
the overthrow of tivo cities, destroyed not only actual^, but 
future wars. 

a § 209, R. 2, (2.) b sumraus. c clamor. d § 247. e deligatus. 
/ transversus. s lumen, pi. k § 205, R. 7, (2.) * et. J aequus. 
k to be visible, cernor. l nubTlum. m ssepe. n on account of the in- 
terposition, fyc 9 globo terrce obstante. ° to exercise kingly power, 
regno. p dulcedo. q expertus. r navigium. s to put in rapid 
motion, conclto. l quum. u inhibeo. v cursus. w impetus. x pul- 
sus. y intermissus. z concedo. aa most completely strangers, 
alienisslmi. bb apud. cc cum. dd magnus. ee vulnus. // rites 
of religion, religio. gg proesens. 



170 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 



§257. 



WITH A NEGATIVE WORD, IN THE SENSE OF WITHOUT OR 
UNLESS. 



Darius entered Scythia without 
the enemy's giving him an op- 
portunity to fight. 

The eye distinguishes white 
from black without any one's 
suggestion. 

What is so like madness, as 
the empty sound even of the 
best and most elegant words, 
without any meaning at the bot- 
tom? 

In this war no calamity has 
happened without my predict- 
ing it. 



Darius Scythia ingre- 
dior, non faciens hostis 
pugna potestas. 

A niger albus, etiam 
nullus monens, ociilus 
distinguo. 

Quis sum tarn furio- 
sus, quam verbum vel 
bonus atque ornatus son- 
jtus inanis, nullus sub- 
jectus sententia ? 

Hie in bellum nihil 
ad versus" accido, non 
prcedicens ego. 



§ 212, R. 3, N. 3. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Athenians, loithout waiting 11 for reinforcements 1 ', 
march out to battle d against six hundred thousand men. 
Who is there that would venture' to call 7 himself a philoso- 
pher, without giving 5 any moral precepts 11 ? Nature gave 
the use of life, as* of money, without fixing! an y term k . 
Nothing can happen* unless some cause -precedes. 

a expectatus. b sing. c egredior. d praelium. e audeo, § 260, 
R. 5. / dico. e tradendus. h a moral precept, prseceptum officii. 
* tanquam. i prrestitatus. k dies. l evenio. 



R. 5. Others find fault with 
what Octavianus said and did, as 
if, having lost his fleet by a tem- 
pest, he had exclaimed, that he 
would gain the victory even 
against the will of Neptune. 

The father of Tiberius re- 
mained alone in the party of L. 
Antonius, and escaped first to 
Preeneste, and thence to Naples, 



Alius dictum factum- 
que Octavianus cri minor, 
quasi classis tempest as 
perditus, exclamo", etiam 
in vitus Neptunus 6 victo- 
ria sui adipiscor. 

Tiberius pater solus L. 
Antonius in pars' perma- 
neo, ac primo Prameste, 
deinde Neapolis* evado, 



§257. 



ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 



171 



and having in vain offered eman- 
cipation to the slaves, he fled into 
Sicily. 

Seneca relates that Tiberius, 
having suddenly called for his 
attendants, and no one answer- 
ing, rose, and, his strength fail- 
ing him, he fell not far from the 
bed. 



servusque frustra ad pi- 
leus vocdtus, in Sicilia 
profugio. 

Seneca scribo Tiberi- 
us, subito vocdtus minis- 
ter, ac nemo respondens, 
consurgo, nee procul a 
lectulus deficiens vis c 
concldo. 



§283,2. *R. 7. c pi. *§79, 1. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

About* twenty-seven senators followed Vibius Virius 
home 6 , and feasted with him; and having abstracted {their) 
minds as much as they could rf by (means of) wine, from the 
sense of the impending 6 evil, they all took-^" poison. Phy- 
sicians, having found the cause of a disease, think^ that the 
cure is found' 1 . Darius, having heard 1 the news of the ill 
health of Alexander, marched' with the greatest rapidity* 
to the Euphrates. Theopompus the Lacedaemonian, hav- 
ing changed 1 garments 711 with his wife, escaped from cus- 
tody as a woman. 

a ferme. b § 237, R. 4. c alienatus. d lit. were able to do. e im- 
minens. / sumo. s , puto. h perf. l accipio. <?' contendo. 
k celeritas. l permutatus. m habitus, sing. 



R. 7. When nature and virtue 
are our guides, no error can pos- 
sibly be committed. 

Under the command of Pausa- 
nias, Mardonius was driven from 
Greece. 

A spacious house often be- 
comes a disgrace to its owner, if 
it be without visitors, and espe- 
cially if it used once to be fre- 
quented, when it had another 
owner. 

An oath is a religious affirma^ 



Natura et virtus dux 
erro a nullus modus pos- 
sum 6 . 

Pausanias dux Mar- 
donius Graecia fugo. 

Amplus domus dede- 
cus dominus c saepe fio, si 
hospes careo, et maxime, 
si aliquando, alius domi- 
nus, soleo frequento. 

Sum jusjurandum re- 



172 ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. § 257. 

tion ; what you have promised, ligiosus affirm atio ; qui 
therefore, with the attestation of igitur, Deus testis, pro- 
God, must be observed. mitto, is teneo d . 

Wisdom is the only thing which Sapientia sum unus 

banishes sorrow from (our) minds, qui mcestitia pello' ex an- 

surTers us not to shudder with Imus, qui ego exhorresco 

fear; and under the instruction metus non sino e , quiprm- 

of which we can live in tranquil- ceptrix, in tranquillitas 

lity. vivo a possum 5 . 

Augustus was born in the con- Nascor Augustus, 3L 

sulship of M. T. Cicero and Tullius Cicero et Anto- 

Antonius, on the twenty-third nius consul nonus calen- 

of September, a little before sun- dae 7 October^ paulo ante 

rise. sol exortus. 

a pass. 6 § 209, R. 3, (6.) c § 227. * § 274, R. 8. e § 264, 
10, / § 326, 3. 8 adj. § 326, 5, 3d paragraph. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Thales the Milesian (was the) first" (who) predicted an 
eclipse of the sun, which took place 6 in the reign of Holy at- 
tes, in the one hundred and seventieth year of the building 
of the city. A peroration, which is called epilogus, of C. 
Galba is extant, which, when ive ivere boys, was so much 
esteemed^, that we even got it by heart'. Know 7 that no 
one dined^ in the consulship of Caninius, that no 71 crime* 
was committed 6 in his consulship. Brutus created for his 
own colleague- 7 Valerias, by whose aid k he had expelled 2 the 
kings. My father Hamilcar went into Spain (as) com- 
mander 771 when I ivas a little boy, not more 71 than nine years 
old . Augustus travelled^ frequently into the eastern and 
w T estern provinces, accompanied' 1 by Livia. Lentulus, a 
consular man, and pretor for the second time 7 ", Cethegus, 
and other men of illustrious s name, were put to death* in 
prison by the authority of the senate. Isocrates arose" when 
Gorgias, Protagoras, and the others whom I have just" men- 
tioned, were already old men. 

a primus omnium. h fio. c § 274. R. 5. d lit. was in so great 
honor. e to get by heart, edisco. / § 162, 4. g §272. h nihil. 
* malum, § 212. i lit. colleague for himself. k adjutor. l ejicio. 
m imperator. n not more, utpote non amplius. ° natus. p meo. 



§ 258, CONNECTION OF TENSES. 173 

5 comes. r for the second time, iterum. * clarus. ' to put to death, 
neco. u existo. v paulo ante. 

The effects of thunder (are) wonderful; money 6 is melt- 
ed c , while the purse d is entire; the sword is liquefied, while 
the scabbard remains. Ships cannot enter 6 the harbor of 
Alexandria against the will f of those by whom the Pharos 
is occupied^. We know that the muscles* are diseased 
when they move * against our will. The sons* of Tiberius 
Gracchus, grandsons of P. Scipio Africanus, died ; in the 
lifetime of {their) mother Cornelia* , daughter of Africanus. 
There is a difference between the case of a man' who is op- 
pressed by calamity, and of one™ who seeks better things, 
when his affairs are in no respect unprosperous" '. Octavius 
died suddenly , as he was leaving* 5 Macedonia 9 , before he 
could declare 7 * himself a candidate for the consulship*; 
leaving behind him (his) children, Octavia 1 the elder, Octa- 
via the younger, (and) also Augustus. Mithridates carried 
on war with the Romans forty-four years u with various suc- 
cess* '. It is certain that an eclipse of the sun does not take 
place" except at the very change" of the moon, and y of the 
moon only* when full. 

a opus. h argentum. e conflo. d loctilus, pi. e intro in. 

f against the tout, invltus. s teneo. h nervus. * liberi. i lit, 
had an end (exitus) of life. k lit. (their) mother Cornelia being still 
(adhuc) alive. l there is a difference, fyc. ; lit. his case (causa) is dif- 
ferent (alius.) m is. n when his affairs, fyc. ; lit. no affairs of his 
(suus) being adverse. ° died sudden 1 y, mortem obiit repentlnam. p as 
he was leaving, decedens. q § 242. r profiteor. s gen. * lit. (his) 
children (liberi) Octavia, fyc. surviving (superstes.) u § 236, R. 5. 
v victoria. w to take place, no. x at the very change, lit. (being) 
very new, y autem. z non nisi. aa pass. § 248, R. 1, 2d para- 
graph. 

CONNECTION OF TENSES. 

$ 258 3 I. Similar tenses only can, in general, be 
made to depend on each other, by means of those con- 
nectives which are followed by the subjunctive mood. 

1, (1.) Such is the corrup- Tantus sum corruptela 

tion of bad habit, that the sparks malus consuetudo, ut ab 

of virtue are extinguished by it; is tanquam ignicolus vir- 
15* 



174 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 



§258. 



and vices spring up and are con- 
firmed. 

Sisygambis said, O king, you 
deserve that we should pray for 
those things for you, which we 
prayed for formerly for our Dari- 
us ; and, as I perceive, you are 
worthy of having surpassed so 
great a king, not in good fortune 
only, but in equity. 

There is not a province, I be- 
lieve, excepting only Africa and 
Sardinia, which Augustus did not 
visit. 

There are some who have re- 
lated that Marius fell engaging 
with Telesinus. 

(2.) In the epistles of Cicero 
to Atticus, every thing relating to 
the changes of the republic is so 
described that (there is) nothing 
(which) does not appear in them. 

Nature has lavished such great 
abundance of things, that those 
which are produced appear to 
have been bestowed upon us in- 
tentionally, not to have originated 
accidentally. 

Silius has done well in having 
come to terms, for I wished not 
to disappoint him, and yet feared 
what I could do. 

I have attained this by my ex- 
ploits, that I am thought a safe 
debtor. 

Few have been found who have 
exposed their lives to the weapons 
of the enemy with no reward in 
view. 

(3.) I shall find many whom I 
can easily persuade of whatever I 
wish. 

They could not destroy all 



tus extinguo ; exoriorque 
et confirmo vitium. 

Sisygambis, rex, in- 
quam, mereor ut is precor 
tu, qui Darius noster 
quondam precor ; et, ut 
video, dignus sum qui 
tantus rex non felicitas 
solum, sed etiam equitas 
supiro*. 

Non sum provincia, ut 
opinor, exceptus 6 duntax- 
at Africa et Sardinia, 
qui Augustus non adco d . 

Sum qui Marius con- 
currens cum Telesinus 
occumbo prodo e '. 

In Cicero ad Atticus 
epistola sic omnis de mu- 
tatio respublica perscri- 
bof, ut s nihil in is non 
apparco. 

Tantus res ubertas na- 
tura largior, ut s is qui 
gigno dono 7i consulto 
ego, non fortuito nascor^, 
videor. 

Bene facio Silius qui 
transigo 1 , neque enim is-' 
desum volo, et quis pos- 
sum k timeo. 

Ego res mens gestus 
hie assequor, ut bonus 
nomen cxistimo. 

Paucus rep error qui 
nullusprcemium 2 proposi- 
tus vita suus hostis telum 
objicio* . 

Reperio multus qui m 
quisquis n volo facilepcr- 
suadeo p . 

Testis omnis, si cupio 7 , 



§258. 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 



175 



witnesses, (even) if they wished ; 
for as long as the human race 
shall exist, there will not be want- 
ing S3me one to accuse them. 

I think' that Caesar will take 
care to withdraw his troops ; for 
he will gain a victory, if he is 
made consuL 

If the conversation of Curio 
shall produce any thing of such a 
kind that it requires to be written 
to you, I will subjoin it to my let- 
ter. 

As long as Pompey was in Ita- 
ly, I ceased not to hope ; now, 
even if I must make the trial with 
danger, I will try, at any rate, to 
escape hence. 

2, (1.) Other dissensions were 
of such a kind that they tended 
not to the destruction but to the 
change of the state. 

I did not suppose that, when a 
consul elect was defended by the 
son of a Roman knight, his ac- 
cusers would speak of the new- 
ness of his family. 

This affair made it very diffi- 
cult for Caesar* to determine 
what plan to adopt, lest, if he led 
his troops rather early from their 
winter quarters, he should be in 
straits for provisions. 

(2.) Some fathers of families 
provided by their will, that vic- 
tims should be led to the Capitol, 
and vows discharged for them by 
their heirs, because they had left 
Augustus alive. 

The state was so arranged by 
the skill of Servius Tullius, that 
all the distinctions of patrimony, 



interficio non possum ? ; 
nam dum homo genus 
sum, qui accitso 6 is, non 
desum. 

Ego puto Caesar facio T 
ut praesidium deduco ; 
vinco* enim si consul fa- 
cio*. 

Si quis Curio sermo 
ejusmodi affero* qui ad 
tu scribo 1 , is literae meus 
adjungo. 

Quoad Pompeius in 
Italia sum, spero non de- 
sisto; nunc, si vel peric- 
iilum experior", experior 
certe, ut hind avolo. 

Alius dissensio sum 
ejusmodi, qui non ad de- 
\eo w sed ad commuto" 
respublica pertinco* '. 

Non arbttror*', quum 
consul designatus ab e- 
ques Romanus Alius de- 
fendo x , de genus novitas 
accusator dico y . 

Magnus hie res diffi- 
cultas ad consilium ca- 
pio* Caesar affero, ?ie, si 
mature* 1 a , ex hiberna co- 
pia educo, ab res frumen- 
tarius laboro. 

Nonnullus pater-famil- 
ias u testamentum caveo, 
ut ab haeres suus victima 
in Capitolium duco, vo- 
tumque cc pro sui solvo, 
quod superstes Augustus 
relinquo dd . 

Servius Tullius soller- 
tia ita ordino respublica, 
ut omnis patrimonium, 



176 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 



§ 258, 



dignity, age, trades, and offices, 
were registered. 

Augustus brought up his daugh- 
ter and granddaughters in such 
a way, that he even accustomed 
(them) to spinning, and forbade 
(them) to say or do any thing but 
what might be inserted in the dai- 
ly register. 

(3.) I had heard from himself 
how generously he had been 
treated by you. 

Neither by letter, nor by decree 
of the senate, had the consuls 
commanded me what I should do. 

There was a strong west wind, 
and the soldiers (of Alexander) 
had cut down a great deal of 
wood, that they might make a 
passage through the rocks : it had 
been dried by the heat, and fire 
being set (to it,) the wind carried 
the flame against the faces of the 
enemy. 

R. 4. Socrates was accustomed 
to say, that all (men) were suf- 
ficiently eloquent in that which 
they understood. 

Tiberius replied to the ambas- 
sadors of Ilium, who were some- 
what late in their condolence, 
that he also grieved for their mis- 
fortune, because they had lost 
(their) illustrious citizen, Hector. 

They say that Pyrrhus, the 
greatest master of the gymnastic 
games, used to enjoin upon those 
whom he was training, that they 
should not be angry. 

In the mean time, I shall de- 
light myself with the muses; and 
it will never occur to me to envy 



dignitas, astas, ars, offici- 
umque discrlmen in tabu- 
la refero. 

Filia et neptis ita in- 
stituo Augustus, w^etiam 
lanirlcium assuefacio, ve- 
^que loquor aut ago quis- 
quam, nisi qui in diurnus 
commentarius refero 6 e . 

Ego ex ipse audio, 
quam a tu liberaliter 
tracto k . 

Consul neque senatus 
consultum neque literse 
pracipio ego quis facio k . 

Vehemens Favonius 
sum, et multus materia 
cceclo miles c , ut adTtus 
per s&xum fact o : hie va- 
por inaresco, ignisque in- 
jectus flamma in os hos- 
tis ventus fero*. 



Socrates dico soleo, om- 
nis in is, qui scio ff satis 
sum eloquens. 

Uiensis legatus, paulo 
sero^' consolans, respon- 
dco Tiberius, sui quoque 
vicis 7 '* is doleo, quod 
egregius civ is Hector 
amitto 11 . 

Pyrrhus, magnus pra> 
ceptor certamen gymni- 
cus, soleo aio hie, qui ex- 
erceo, prcBcipio, ne iras- 
cor. 

Interea cum musa ego^' 
delecto ; nee ego kk un- 
quam venio in mens Cras- 



§ 258. 



CONNECTION OF TENSES. 



177 



Crassus, or to regret that I have 
not departed from my own course 
ofconduct ,nw . 

I see you are collecting every 
thing respecting the republic, 
which you think can give me any 
hope of a change of affairs. 

I wrote back immediately to 
Fompey, that I was not seeking 
where I might be most safely. 

Parmenio reached Damascus 
on the fourth day, the prefect 
already fearing that no trust had 
been reposed in him. 

When I doubt what it is right 
for me to do, my affection for 
Pompey has great weight (with 
me.) 



sus invideo, neque pazni- 
tco quod a ego ipse non 
de sci sco 11 . 

De respublica video tu 
omnis colligo, qui puto nn 
aliquis spes ego possum 
affero muto 00 res. 

Pompeius statim rescri- 
bo, non ego qucero, ubi 
tute sum. 

Parmenio Damascus 
quartus dies pervenio, 
jam metuens prsefeetus ne 
sui fides non habeo. 

Dubitans ego pp quis 
ego facio par sum", 
magnus pondus affero 
benevolentia erga Pom- 
peius. 



a § 264, 9. & § 205, R. 2, Exc. c § 233. * § 264, 7. • § 264, 6. 
/ perf s § 262, R. 1 . * § 269, R. 3, last clause. * § 264, 8. J § 226, 
R.. * § 265. i pi. § 257. m § 223, R. 2. n § 229. ° § 260, II. R. 4. 
P § 264, 1, 3d paragraph. q § 261, 1. r § 273, 1, 3d paragraph. 
3 § 145, VI. « § 274, 8. u § 209, R. (3.) v imp. w § 275, II. 
x § 263, 5, R. 2. y § 272. z lit. brought great difficulty to Ccesar. 
aa § 256, R. 9, 2d paragraph. ■" § 43, 2. cc sing. dd § 266, 3. 
ee § 266, 1. // & 266, 2. ge § 256, R. 9, 2d paragraph. **> ace. 
" § 266, 3. Si pi. ** § 225, IV. 6th paragraph. » § 273, 5. mm lit. 
from myself. nn § 264, 1 , 3d paragraph. 00 § 275, II. pp § 224, 
«* S 265. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

They believed* that he who ivas eminent 1 in wisdom c had 
been a scholar"* of Pythagoras. I do not even now 6 discuss f 
what would 5 be easiest*. There are many (things) probable 
by which the life of a wise man is regulated 1 . You will per- 
ceive by- 7 ' the same books, both ivhat k I did 1 and what k I said. 
Rabirius was" among 771 those whom he would have been 71 most 
mad , if he had opposed? , most base if he had deserted q . 
Solon, when he was asJcecT , why he had ordained 3 no punish- 
ment for* him who hilled 11 his parent, replied, that he had 
thought" that no one would do it. This ought rather to 



178 INDICATIVE MOOD. § 259. 

have been prescribed™ , that we should take" such y care* in 
forming " 1 friendships, that we should at no time 66 begin" to 
love one y , whom we could ever** hate. Caesar entertained r 
confident hopes 6 ', that, when his demands -^ should be 
known, it would come to pass gs , that Ariovistus would de- 
sist hh from his obstinacy**. Ariovistus despatched^ a part 
of his forces to assault kk the smaller camp. When Caesar 
had sent messengers to the Sigambri to demand 11 that they 
should surrender to him those who had made war upon mm him 
and upon Gaul, they replied, that the Rhine terminated 71 " the 
empire of the Roman people. 

a perf. b to be eminent, excello. c § 250. d auditor. * § 279, 3, 
5th paragraph, f disputo. s § 145, R. 2, 2d paragr ap h. h expedltus. 
i rego. 3 ex. * pi. l gero. m cum. n § 261, 1. ° amens. p op- 
pugno, § 261, 1. q relinquo. T imp. s constituo. ' in. " neeo, 
§ 266, R. 4. * puto. w prascipio, § 274, R. 8. x adhibeo. v is. 
* diligentia. aa compare bb at no time, ne quando. cc incipio. 
dd aliquando. ee to entertain confident hopes, magnam in spem venio. 
ff postulatum, § 257. ee that it would come to pass, fore. hh § 268, 
R. 4. ." pertinacia. SJ mitto. kk oppugno, § 264, 5. ll § 264, 5. 
mm to make war upon, infgro bellum. nn finio. 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 

§ 259. The indicative mood is used in independent 
and absolute assertions. It is often employed, also, in 
conditional and dependent clauses, to denote that which 
is supposed or admitted. It may likewise be used in 
interrogations. 

The liberty of the Roman peo- Libertas ago populus 

pie is at stake. Romanus. 

The inclinations of the citizens Diversus voluntas civis 

have been different. sum. 

Fear made you good. Tu bonus timor facio. 

Our reasoning agrees ; our Ian- Ratio noster consentio; 

guage differs. oratio pugno. 

The remembrance of slavery Jucundus facio liber- 
will make liberty more pleasant. tas servitus recordatio. 

A dispute about a word disturbs Verbum controversia 

men. torqueo homo. 



§259. 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 



179 



Time itself brings me comfort. 

Did you dare to speak against 
me before the conscript fathers ] 

How difficult it is not to betray 
guilt in the countenance ! 
Riches do not make a king. 
He is a king who fears nothing. 

In requiting a favor, we 
ought, if we believe Hesiod, to 
imitate fertile fields, which give 
much more than they have re- 
ceived. 

If you are poor, iEmilianus, 
you will always continue poor : 
riches are now given to none but 
to the rich. 

Behold the rainbow draws wa- 
ter ; it will rain, I believe, to-day. 

How often the greatest talents 
are hidden in obscurity ! 

As not every field which is cul- 
tivated is fruitful ; so cultivated 
minds do not all bear fruit. 

Who does not very highly com- 
mend Codrus, the preserver of 
Athens 1 

R. 1, (1.) Pompey said, "Do 
you guard and defend the camp; 
I will visit the other gates and 
encourage the garrison." 

(2.) After the termination of 
the war, Caesar learned these 
facts from those who were pres- 
ent at the conversation. 

As soon as Philip had saluted 
me, he immediately set off for 
Rome. 

After Caesar had arrived there, 
he demanded hostages. 



iEtas ipse ego affero 
solatium. 

Tu apud pater con- 
scriptus contra ego dico 
audeo 1 

Quam difficilis sum, cri- 
men non prodo vultus ! 

Rex non faeio ops. 

Rex sum, qui metuo 
nihil. 

In refero a gratia, si 
modo Hesiodus credo, 
debeo imitor ager fertilis, 
qui plus multus affero, 
quam accipio. 

Semper sum pauper, si 
pauper sum, iEmilianus : 
do ops nullus nunc, nisi 
dives. 

Ecce bibo arcus ; pluo, 
credo, hodie. 

Ut saepe superus inge- 
nium in occultus 6 lateo ! 

Ut ager non omnis fru- 
gifer sum qui colo ; sic 
animus non omnis cultus 
fructus fcro. 

Q,uis Athenae conser- 
vator, Codrus, non max- 
im e laudo ? 

Pompeius, " Tueor," 
inquam, " castra et de- 
fendo : ego reliquus porta 
circumeo et praesidium 
corifirrnp" 

Bellum confectus, ab 
is Caesar hie factum cog- 
nosco, qui sermo inter- 
sum. 

Philippus, ut ego sa- 
litto, statim Roma profi- 
ciscor. 

Ed postquam Caesar 
pervenio, obses posco. 



180 



INDICATIVE MOOD. 



§ 259. 



When the Helvetii were in- 
formed of his approach, they send 
ambassadors to him. 

(3.) Caesar was informed, that 
all the Belgae, who, we have said, 
constitute a third part, of Gaul, 
were conspiring against the Ro- 
man people. 

(4.) Should any thing new oc- 
cur, take care that I may be in- 
formed, 

Salute Pilia and Attica. 

(5.) Do not commend me here- 
after to your (friend) Caesar. 

Do not envy your brother. 

R. 2. I will satisfy you if I 
can. 

R. 3. Volumnia ought to have 
been more attentive to you, and 
even that which she did, she 
might have done more carefully. 

You ought long since to have 
been led to execution, by the 
command of the consul, (and) 
that destruction, which you have 
been long devising against all 
of us, should have been turned 
against yourself. 

The army might have been 
destroyed, if any one had dared 
to conquer. 

If men apply reason to fraud 
and malice, it would have been 
better that it had not been giv- 
en, than given, to the human 
race. 

What condition would it not 
have been desirable to accept, 
rather than abandon our coun- 
try? 

When it would have become 
them to stand in the line of bat- 
tle and fight, then they took ref- 



Ubi de is adventus Hel- 
vetius certus c facio, le- 
gatus ad is mitto d . 

Caesar certus facio, om- 
nis Belgae, qui tertius sum 
Gallia pars dico, contra 
populus Romanus con- 
juro. 

Si quis accido novus% 
facio f , ut scio. 

Pilia Atticaque saluto f . 

Ego posthac ne com- 
mendo f Caesar tuus. 

Ne invideo f frater tuus. 

Ego, si possum, facio 
tu satis. 

Volumnia debeo in tu 
ofnciosus sum, et is ipse 
qui facio, possum diligens 
facio. 

Ad mors tu duco jus- 
sus consul, jampridem 
oporteo s in tu confero 
pestis iste, qui tu in 
ego omnis jamdiu machi- 
nor\ 

Deleo possum exercT- 
tus, si quis audeo vinco. 

Si homo ratio in fraus 
malitiaque converto, non 
do ille quam do humanus 
genus bonus sum. . 

Qui conditio non ac- 
cipio 1 , potius quam re- 
linquo' patria? 

duum in acies sto ac 
pugno decet, turn in cas- 
tra refugio ; quum pro 



§260. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



181 



uge in the camp ; when it was vallum pugno\ castra 

their duty to fight before the trado. 
rampart, they surrendered (their) 
camp. 

Plato thinks that philosophers Plato philosophus ad 

should take no part in political respublica ne accedo 

affairs, except by compulsion : it quidem debeo puto, nisi 

would, however, be more reason- coactus : cequus autem 

able that it should be done spon- sum 5 is voluntas no. 
taneously. 



§ 275, II. b nevt. c corny 
" imp. h § 145, I. 2. 



sing. 



d § 145, I, 3. 
§ 274, R. 8. 



e § 212, R. 3, N. 3, 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



<§> 260. The subjunctive mood is used to express 
an action or state simply as conceived by the mind. 



I. For he supposed that in this 
way he should most easily retain, 
subject to his power, those speak- 
ing the Greek language, who lived 
in Asia, if he intrusted the de- 
fence of the towns c to his friends. 

In this battle the Athenians 
were so much more distinguished 
for valor, that they routed ten 
times (their) number of enemies; 
and so frightened (them,) that the 
Persians directed their course not 
to their camp, but to their ships. 

It seems not out of place to 
mention what reward was given 
to Miltiades for this victory. 

II. R. 1. The Pythia directed 
that they should take Miltiades 
as their commander ; that if 
they should do this, their enter- 
prises would prove successful. 

Miltiades returns to Lemnos, 
16 



Sic enim puto facile 
sui Grsecus lingua a lo- 
quens, qui Asia incolo 8 ', 
sub suus retineo 6 potes- 
tas, si amicus suus oppi- 
dum tueor trado ri . 

In qui 6 " preelium tantus 
plus virtus 7 valeo Atheni- 
ensis, ut decemplex nu- 
merus hostis projiigo g ; 
adeoque perterreo, ut 
Persa non castra, sed 
navis peto s '. 

Qui victoria^ non ali- 
enus videor, qualis pre- 
mium Miltiades tribuo, 
doceo. 

Pythia preecipio, ut 
Miltiades sui 1 imperator 
sumo 3 ; is si facto*, in- 
ceptum prosperus sum*. 

Miltiades Lemnus re- 



182 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



§260 



and demands that they should 
surrender up the city to him, 
according to their engagement. 

There was a great dispute 
among the generals, whether 
they should defend themselves 
by their walls, or should meet 
the enemy, and engage in battle. 

R. 2. You would have sup- 
posed that Sylla had come into 
Italy, not as the avenger of war, 
but as the promoter of peace; 
with so much tranquillity did he 
lead his army through Apulia and 
Calabria. 

Could you have thought, that 
it could ever happen, that I should 
be at a loss for words 1 

Alexander uttered frequent 
groans, just as if the death of his 
own mother had been announced ; 
you would have believed that he 
was weeping amidst his own con- 
nections, and not administering, 
but seeking consolation. 

R. 3. Grant, indeed, that those 
are good things which are so 
esteemed, — honors, riches, pleas- 
ures, and the rest, — yet even in 
the enjoyment of these, immode- 
rate joy is unseemly. 

Grant that there is a difference 
between the dignity of the highest 
men and the lowest ; there is not 
one degree of crime in killing 
illustrious men, and another, the 
obscure. 

R. 4. I could relate on suffi- 
cient evidence, that Augustus 
was surnamed Thursinus. 

Brother, with your good leave 
I would say (it,) this sentiment is 
very prejudicial to the public, when 



vertor, et ex pactum pos- 
tiilo, ut sui urbs irado m . 

Inter praetor magnus 
sum contentio utrum 
moenia sui defendo j , an 
obviam eo J hostis, acies- 
que coniendo j . 

Puto 11 Sylla venio in 
Italia, non bellum vindex 
sed pax auctor ; tantus 
cum quies exercitus per 
Calabria Apuliaque du- 



Putone unquam accldo 
possum ut ego verbum 
desum? 

Alexander, haud secus 
quam ac si parens suus 
mors nuntio, creber edo 
gemitus ; credo is inter 
suus necessitudo fleo, et 
solatium non adhibeo sed 
qusero. 

Sum, sane, iste bonum 
qui puto, — honor, divi- 
tise, voluptas, ceterus iJ ,— 
tamen in is ipse potior 7 , 
gestiens laetitia turpis 
sum. 

Inter sum inter vita dig- 
nltas superus atque infe- 
rus ; non alius facinus 7 " 
clarus homo, alius obscu- 
rus neco s . 

Thursinus cognomino 
Augustus, satis certus 
probatio 7 " trado 1 . 

Frater, bonus tuus ve- 
nia dico, iste sententia 
maxime obsum respubli- 



§260. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



183 



it is alleged that something is 
true and right, but it is denied 
that it can be carried, that is, 
that the people can be resisted. 

You can scarcely find a man 
of any nation, age, or rank, whose 
felicity you can compare to the 
fortunes of Metellus. 

I would not deny that my lan- 
guage seemed to you harsh and 
atrocious ; but how much more 
atrocious do you think that your 
deeds are, than my words? 

I should not reckon him sec- 
ond or third in a chariot-race, 
who has scarcely quitted the bar- 
riers, when the first has already 
received the palm. 

The third mode of mining 
would outdo the work of the 
giants ; galleries being carried 
through a great space, the moun- 
tains are excavated by torch- 

light. 

I wish you to be persuaded 
that you can do nothing more ac- 
ceptable to me, than to assist 
Lamia in his candidateship with 
all your resources. 

It escaped me to write to you 
before about Dionysius ; if it 
shall be necessary to send for 
him, (which I do not wish,) you 
will take care that we do not give 
him trouble against his will. 

Assuredly I should not a little 
prefer the mind of Socrates to 
the fortunes of all those who sat 
in judgment upon him. 

R. 5. Who would deny that 
all fickle men, all men of strong 
desires, in short, all wicked men, 
are slaves ] 



ca, quum aliquis verus et 
rectus sum dico u , sed ob- 
tineo, is sum, resisto 
possum" populus 1 ", nego. 

Vix ullus gens, setas, 
ordo homo invenio\ qui 
felicitas fortuna Metel- 
lus comparo*. 

Non nego 1 tristis a- 
troxque t\x p video oratio 
meus ; quantus y credo 
factum vester atrox sum 
quam verbum meus 1 

Non in quadriga 2 " is 
secundus numero\ aut 
tertius, qui vix e career 
exeo*, quum palma jam 
primus accipio". 

Tertius ratio effodio a * 
metallum opus^ gigas 
vinco ; cuniculus per 
magnus spatium actus, 
cavo mons ad lucerna 
lumen. 

Volo tu w persuadeo 56 , 
nihil tu ego gratus facio 
possum, quam si omnis 
tuus ops Lamia in peti- 
tio juvo cc . . 

De Dionysius fugio 
ego ad tu antea scribo ; 
tu tamen video si arces- 
so dd , (qui nolo,) ne mo- 
lestus sum invitus ee . 

Nse ego haud paulus y 
Socrates animus malo, 
quam is omnis fortuna 
qui de is judico. 

Quis nego omnis levis, 
omnis cupidus, omnis 
denique improbus sum 
servus ? 



184 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



§260. 



If we ourselves, who are pre- 
cluded from all gratification by 
our business, are nevertheless at- 
tracted by the games, why should 
you wonder at the uneducated 
multitude? 

Who would not, with reason, 
wonder that the plane-tree should 
have been brought from another 
hemisphere only for the sake of 
its shade ? 

What can seem great to him 
in human affairs, to whom all 
eternity and the magnitude of 
the whole universe is known ? 

One furious gladiator carries 
on war against his country ; are 
we to yield to him ; are we to 
listen to his conditions ? 

R. 6. So live with an inferior, 
as you would wish a superior to 
live with you. 

Let every one become ac- 
quainted with his own disposi- 
tion, and show himself a severe 
judge both of his own good qual- 
ities and faults. 

Do not allow it to happen, that 
when all (advantages) have been 
supplied to you by me, you should 
seem to have been wanting to 
yourself. 

If I have defended my own 
safety against your brother's most 
cruel attack upon me, be satis- 
fied that I do not complain to 
you too of his injustice. 

Were I to deny that I am af- 
fected with regret for Scipio, 
philosophers must see to it, with 



Si egomet ipse, qui ab 
delectatio omnis negoti- 
um impedio, ludus ta- 
men delecto, qui tu ad- 
mtror de multitudo in- 
doctus ? 

Q,uis non jns f/ miror 
platanus, umbra gratia 
tantum, ex alienus pe- 
to f e orbis 1 

Quis video is magnus 
in res humanus qui aeter- 
nitas omnis totusque 
mundus notus sum 27 mag- 
nitudo? 

Unus furiosus gladia- 
tor contra patria gero 
bellum ; hie cedo ; hie 
conditio audio 1 

Sic cum inferus vivo, 
quemadmodum tucum 
superus volo** vivo. 

Suus quisque fi nosco 
ingenium, acerque sui et 
bonum et vitium suus 
judex prabeo. 

Ne commit to, ut, quum 
omnis tu suppedito jj a 
ego p , tute tu desum vi- 
deo. 

Si meus salus contra 
frater tuus impetus in 
ego crudelis defendo 1 '*, 
satis liabeo nihil ego eti- 
am tucum de is injuria 
conqueror. 

Ego si Scipio deside- 
rium ego moveo nego, 
quam is recte facio video 



§ 260. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 



185 



what propriety I should do so ; 
but I should certainly speak 
falsely. 

Let the. Stoics look to it, 
whether it be an evil to be in 
pain. 

You will say, " Write nothing 
at all." How shall I better es- 
cape those who wish to misrep- 
resent ? 

R. 7. O war, greatly to be 
dreaded, since Catiline is to have 
this pretorian cohort ! 

I will cause that no good man 
shall perish. 

Finally, I will so conduct my- 
self in the state as to remember 
always what I have done, and to 
provide that they shall appear to 
have been accomplished by virtue, 
and not by accident. 

Metellus Pius was asked what 
he intended to do the next day. 

The chiefs of the JEdui said, 
they did not doubt, if the Romans 
should conquer the Helvetii, that, 
in common with the rest of 
Gaul, they would deprive the 
iEdui of liberty. 



sapiens ; sed certe men- 
tion 

Sumne malum doleo 
necne, Stoicus video 1 . 

" Nihil," inquam/'om- 
nino scribo 1 ." Qui ma- 
gis efFugio is qui volo 
fingo ? 

O bellum magnopere 
pertimescendus, cum hie 
sum 11 habiturus Catilina 
cohors praetorius. 

Perjicio ut ne quis bo- 
nus inter eo 11 . 

Denique ita ego in 
respublica tracto, ut me- 
mini mm semper qui gero, 
cwroque", ut is virtus, 
non casus, gero videor. 

Metellus Pius interro- 
go quis posterns dies fac- 
turus sum 71 . 

Princeps ^Edui, non 
dubito sui, dico, quin, si 
Helvetii supero cc Roma- 
nus, una cum rellquus 
Gallia iEduus libertas 
sum" eripio. 



a § 247, * § 272. c lit. the towns to be defended, § 274, R. 7. 
<* § 266, R. 4. e § 206, (17.) / § 247. * § 260, I. R. 1. * gen. 

* § 211, R. 5, 1 . J (2.) * (4.) i § 266, 2, & R. 4. m (1.) n imp. 
lit. that icords should be wanting, fyc. p pi. q § 275, II. & § 162, 
20- r § 247. s lit. illustrious men are not killed, fyc. l perf, 
u ind. v § 239, 3, 2d paragraph, & § 209, R. 3, (6.) w § 223, R. 2. 

* § 266, 1. v § 256, R. 16. z lit. among the chariots. aa § 275, 
II. bb § 262, R. 4. cc § 145, VI. dd § 274, R. 8. ee § 222. 
ff \ 249, II. *e § 273, 5. ** R. 5. " § 279, 14. ii § 263, 5. 
** § 261, 2. » pres. mm perf. § 183, 3 N. 

16* 



186 



PROTASIS AND APODOSIS. 



§261. 



PROTASIS AND APODOSIS. 



§ 261. In a sentence containing a condition and a 
conclusion, the former is called the protasis, the latter 
the ctjpodosis. 



1. They report that Alexan- 
der said, " If I were not Alexander, 
I would willingly be Diogenes." 

There are innumerable things 
of the same kind which I could 
not endure, if I had not my 
friend Atticus as a partner of 
my pursuits. 

These things seem ridiculous 
to you, because you were not 
present, which if you were to 
see, you could not help weeping. 

If any one were to dig round 
these plane-trees and water them, 
their branches would not be knot- 
ty, and their trunks unsightly. 

If the gods were to make phi- 
losophy a vulgar good, if we were 
born wise, wisdom would lose 
what is the best part of it ; it 
would be among accidental things. 

2. The war carried on before 
Modena followed ; in which, were 
I to call Atticus only prudent, I 
should say less than I ought. 

Even in causes in which we 
have only to do with the judges, 
and not with the people, yet, if 
I were deserted by the audi- 
ence, I should not be able to 
speak. 

I neither could imitate the ora- 
tions which Thucydides has intro- 



Alexander dico fero, 
" Nisi Alexander sum, 
sum libenter Diogenes." 

Sum innumerabilis ge- 
nus idem, qui quidem 
non fero, nisi habeo so- 
cius studium meus Atti- 
cus noster. 

Hie tu ridiciilus video, 
quia non adsum, qui si 
video, lacryma non te~ 
neo. 

Si quis hie platanus 
circumfodio, si irrigo, 
non nodosus sum ramus 
et squalidus truncus. 

Si deus philosophia 
bonum vulgaris facio, si 
prudens nascor, sapien- 
tia, qui in sui bonus 
habeo pcrdo a ; inter for- 
tultus sum. 

Sequor bellum gestus 
apud Mutina ; in qui si 
tantum Atticus prudens 
dico, minus quam debeo 
prcedico. 

Ego verd, in is etiam 
causa in qui omnis ego 
res cum judex sum 6 , non 
cum popiilus, tamen si a 
corona relinquo , non 
queo d dico. 

Oratio qui historia* 
suus interpono Thucyd- 



§261. 



PROTASIS AND APODOSIS. 



187 



duced into his history, if I would, 
nor perhaps would, if I could. 

If wisdom were given me with 
this limitation, that I should keep 
it shut up, and not give it utter- 
ance, I would reject it. 

R. 1. If a good reputation is 
better than riches, and money is 
so eagerly desired, how much 
more ought glory to be desired ! 

There is the greatest accuracy 
of information in the senses, if 
they are sound, and all things are 
removed which hinder and ob- 
struct. 

If thou art a god, said the 
Scythian ambassadors to Alex- 
ander, thou oughtest to bestow 
benefits on mortals, not to take 
away theirs. 

If a pilot is extolled with dis- 
tinguished praise, who saves a 
ship from a storm and a sea full 
of rocks, why should not his pru- 
dence be thought peculiar who 
has attained safety from amidst 
public commotions? 

If you love me, if you know 
that you are loved by me, exert 
yourself through your friends, cli- 
ents, guests, (and) in short, your 
freedmen and slaves, that no leaf 
may be lost of the books which 
Sergius Claudius left. 

Arms are of little value abroad, 
unless there is prudent manage- 
ment at home. 



ides, imltor neque pos- 
sum, si volo, nee volo for- 
tasse, si possum. 

Si cum hie exceptio 
do ego sapientia, ut ille 
inclusus teneo nee enun- 
cio, rejicio. 

Si bonus existimatio 
divitise prcesto, et pecunia 
tantopere cxpeto, quan- 
tus 7 gloria m&gxs expeto s ! 

Magnus sum h in sensus 
Veritas, si sanus sum, et 
omnis removeo qui obsto 
et impedio. 

Si deus sum, legatus 
Scythicus Alexander di- 
co, tribuo mortalis bene- 
ficium debeo, non suus* 
eripio. 

Si gubernator praecipu- 
us lausfero, qui navis ex 
hiems mareque scopulo- 
sus servo, cur non singu- 
laris is existtmo j pruden- 
tia, qui ex procella civilis 
ad incolumitas pervenio? 

Si ego amo, si tu a ego 
amo scio, enitor k per ami- 
cus, cliens, hospes, liber- 
tus denique ac servus 
tuus, ut scida nequis de- 
pereo ex is liber, qui 
Sergius Claudius relin- 
quo. 

Parvus sum foris arma, 
nisi sum consilium do- 



• plup. 
e § 124. 
J subj. k 



b lit. in which the whole matter is to us, fyc. ' 
/ § 256, R. 16. * ind. § 274, R. 8. * ind. 
§ 259, R. 1, (4.) 



perf. d pres. 
* § 208, (6.) 



188 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT, NE, &C. § 262, 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Roman prodigies, Horatius, Mucius, and Claelia, if 
they ivcre* not 6 in the annals, would seem at this day fables, 
Socrates said to his slave, "/ would beat c thee, were I not 
angry." If anger were a good (thing,) it would be found in d 
every man (who was) most perfect 6 ; but the most passionate 
(persons) are infants, old men, and the sick. If ill health 
had carried off Qn. Pompey at Naples p , he icould have died f 
undoubted chief of the Roman people. Your plan' would 
be a agreeable 71 to my wishes 1 , if it were in my power* to 
spend* all (my) time at your house z . Even though Caesar 
were not the man he is m , yet he would seem to deserve to be 
spoken of with compliment". 

a fore. b if not, nisi. c credo. d to be found in, sequor. * lit. 
every most perfect (man,) § 279, 14. / excedo. e consilium. h op- 
tatus. l lit. to me. J to be in one's power, liceo. k consumo. l lit. 
tcith you. m lit. that (man) that he is. n to speak of xoith compliment, 
orno, § 274, R. 8. ° ill health, valetudo. p Neapolis. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT, JYE, &c. 

^ 28 £• A clause denoting the purpose, object, or 
result of a preceding proposition, takes the subjunctive 
after ut, ne, quo, quin, and quoiriinus. 



UT. 

This is a common vice in great Sum hie communis vi- 
and free states, that envy is an at- tium in magnus liberque 
tendant on glory, and (that) they civitas, ut invidia gloria 
willingly detract from those whom comes sum, et libenter de 
they perceive to be too eminent. hie detraho, qui emineo a 

video alte. 

It is a custom of mankind, that Mos sum homo, ut nolo 

they are unwilling that the same idem multus res excello. 
person should excel in many 
things. 

Ariovistus replied that it was Ariovistus respondeo 



§ 262* 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. 



189 



the right of war, that those who 
had conquered, should govern 
those whom they had conquered, 
as they pleased. 

Joined with the evils of cities 
on the sea-coast, is also this great 
convenience, that they can carry 
what their lands produce into 
whatever countries they please. 

In punishing injuries the law 
aims at these three things, either 
that it may reform him whom it 
punishes, or that by his punish- 
ment it may render others better, 
or that by the removal of bad 
men, the others may live more 
secure. 

R. 1. Hannibal so united his 
troops by a sort of bond, that 
no mutiny (ever) existed either 
among themselves or against their 
general. 

Oratory moves the minds of 
judges, and impels them, so that 
they either hate, or love, or envy, 
or wish (the culprit) safe, or pity, 
or wish to punish. 

The harangues of Thucydides 
contain so many obscure and in- 
volved sentences, that they can 
scarcely be understood ; which in 
civil eloquence is a very great 
fault. 

Atticus so accepted the office 
of prefect to many consuls, that 
he followed no one to the prov- 
ince. 

Caesar found at Brundisium 
(only) so many ships as scantily 
sufficed for the transport of fifteen 
thousand legionaries (and) five 
hundred horse. 



jus sum bellum, ut, qui 
vinco a , is, qui vinco a , 
quern admodum volo A , im- 
pero. 

In vitium maritimus 
urbs insum ille magnus 
commoditas, ut is qui 
ager effero 05 sui quicun- 
que volo 6 in terra porto 
possum. 

In vindico e injuria haec 
tres lex sequor 7 , ut aut is 
qui punio emendo, aut 
poena is ceterus bonus 
reddo, aut sublatus ma- 
lum ff securus ceterus vi- 
vo. 

Hannibal vinculum 
quidam ita copia copiilo, 
ut nullus nee inter ipse 
nee adversus dux seditio 
exsto. 

Oratio mens judex per- 
moveo, impelloque ut aut 
odi, aut amOy aut invideo, 
aut salvus volo, aut mi- 
sereor aut punio volo. 

Thucydides concio ita 
multus habeo obscurus 
abditusque sententia, vix 
ut intelligo ; qui sum in 
oratio civilis vitium vel 
magnus. 

Multus consul praefec- 
tura sic accipio Atticus, 
ut nemo in provincia se- 
quor. 

Caesar Brundisium tan- 
tus navis c reperio, ut an- 
guste quindecim mille 
legionarius miles quin- 
genti eques transporto 
possum d . 



190 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. § 262. 

a § 260, 1. h § 260, R. 4. c § 212, R. 3. d lit. as could scarcely 
transport, fyc. e § 275, II. / perf * § 257. * § 265. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We are all servants of the laws, for this end a , that we 
may b be free. The Romans took c Cincinnatus from the 
plough, that he might be dictator. While d you are Pylades, 
will you say that you are Orestes, that you may die for 6 your 
friend ? The haughtiness of the last king had caused 7 lib- 
erty to be the more welcome^. Before old age I was at 
pains^ to live well, in old age, to die well. Every creature* 
loves 7 ' itself, and is attentive* to preserve 1 itself. The 
physician has done™ his part n , if he has made every effort 
to effect a cure p . I wish that q you would ansiver me. For 
my part, F could wish% that you would at last* return. 
Phaethon desired" to be carriecT in his father's chariot. 
The senate ordered™ the decemvirs to inspect the Sibylline 
books. Caesar resolved* to send ambassadors to Ariovistus. 
Caesar directed^ Dolabella to write to me, to come into Italy 
as soon as possible. I earnestly 2 ' exhort you, my Cicero, to 
read studiously not only my orations, but these books also 
concerning philosophy. Italy is (so) planted aa with trees 
that the whole appears (like) an orchard 66 . 

a for this end, idcirco. b possum. c abduco. d cum. ' pro. / fa- 
cio. s lsetus. Place the leading clause last. h to be at pains, euro. 
' animal. J dillgo. k to be attentive, id ago. l conserve m perago. 
n pi. ° to make every effort, omnia facio. p to effect a cure, euro. 
q uti. r for my part I, equidem. s imp. l at last, aliquando. u op- 
to. v tollo. w impero. * lit. it pleased C&sar. y dico. z magnop- 
ere. aa consitus. hb pomarium. 

R. 2. Who is he that professes Quis sum iste qui sui 
himself innocent, in regard to all profiteor a omnis lex 6 in- 
the laws? Granting this to be nocens? Ut hie ita sum, 
so, how confined an innocence it quam angustus inno- 
is to be good according to law! centia sum ad lex bonus 
How many things do filial duty, sum ! Quam multus pie- 
humanity, liberality, demand ; all tas, humanitas, liberali- 
of which are beyond (the range tas, exigo ; qui omnis ex- 
of ) the public law. tra publicus tabula sum. 

Although I should pass over Ut superus c omitto y 



§262. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. 



191 



the preceding (considerations,) 
this, at least, I will not omit to 
mention, which has excited in 
me the greatest wonder. 

Granting that I had the other 
(requisites) in the highest degree, 
I have surely had scarcely suffi- 
cient time to become intimately 
acquainted with so great a sub- 
ject. 

a § 264, 7, * § 249, II. c comp. * § 223. e § 260, R. 8. / § 212. 



hie certe, qui ego d mag- 
nus admiratio moveo, 
non taceo. 

Ut superus habeo* cet- 
erus, tempus-^ quidem 
certe vix satis habeo, ut 
res tantus possum cog- 
nosco. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

There are some who think* that they have acquired 6 , I 
know not what wonderfuP (thing,) because they have 
learned that, when the time of death shall come d , they will 
utterly 6 perish: suppose this^ to be so, what has that thing 
either joyfuF or glorious? No reason 71 occurs to me, why 
the opinion 7 of Pythagoras and Plato should not be' true ; 
and supposing that Plato alleged^ no reason, (see how much* 
I defer* to him m !) he would overpower 71 me even by (his) 
authority. 

a § 264, 6. b adipiscor. c § 266, 3. d § 266, R. 4. e totus. 
/ § 206, (17.) g lcetabilis. h no reason, nihil. * § 265. J affero. 
k how much, quid. l tribuo, § 265. w homo. n frango, § 260, R. 8. 
ipse. p prseclarus q sententia. 



R. 3. It happens, somehow or 
other, that, if any fault is com- 
mitted, we perceive it more readi- 
ly in others than in ourselves. 

It may happen that a man may 
think justly, and not be able to 
express tersely what he thinks. 

It happens to most men, that 
through the assistance of the art 
of writing, they relax their dili- 
gence in committing to memory. 



JFie, nescio quomodo, 
ut magis in alius cerno 
quam in egomet ipse, si 
quis delinquo. 

Fio possum ut recte 
quis sentio, et is qui sen- 
tio a polite eloquor non 
possum. 

Plerique accido, ut pre- 
sidium literse diligentia in 
perdisco remitto. 



192 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. § 262. 

It is the fortune of the wise Solus hie contingo sa- 

man alone to do nothing against piens, ut nihil facio in- 

his will. vitus. 

It very often happens that utili- Persaepe evenio, ut utili- 
ty is at variance with virtue. tas cum honestas certo. 

a § 266, 1. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

It occurred" 1 in the memory of our fathers, that a father of 
a family, who had come' from Spain to Rome, and 6 had left 
a wife in the province, married another at Rome, and did 
not send a notice of divorce to the former (wife.) It hap- 
pens" ', in (the case of) poems and pictures, and many d other 
(things,) that the unskilful are delighted, and praise those 
(things) which are' not deserving of praise 6 . It is best to 
speak f every day in the hearing of a number^ (of persons,) 
especially' (those) about whose opinions" we are 71 most' anx- 
ious- 7 ' ; for it is seldom k (the case) that any (man) stands in 
sufficient awe 1 of himself. As fortune does not answer in 
every point" 1 to (one who) undertakes" many (things,) the 
consequence is° , that he to whom some (things) have turned 
out p contrary to his plans 9 , becomes r impatient of men and 
things. 

a it occurred, usu venit. h quum. c to send notice of a divorce, 
nuntium remitto. d complures. e § 274, R. 8. / lit. that we speak. 
s lit. many hearing. h § 264, 1, 3d paragraph. * maxime. 1 solici- 
tus. * rarus. l to stand in awe, vereor. m in every point, ubique. 
n lit. undertaking. ° the consequence is, sequitur. p to turn out, ce- 
de q contrary to his plans, contra quam proposuerat. r sum. 
s §266, 1. t §264,1. u sing. 

Since you are greatly esteemed* by me, and I am very 
dear to you, it remains for us to rival each other in acts of 
kindness 6 ; in which I shall conquer you or be conquered 
by you without displeasured (I,) who could 6 once ; assist* 
obscure or even guilty men, cannot now promise (my) aid to 
P. Nigidius, the most learned^ and most irreproachable 71 of 
men*: it remains j , therefore, that I console thee, and adduce^ 
reasons by which I may endeavor^ to divert* thee from thy 
troubles 771 . The last thing 71 is, that I entreat and implore 
you to be magnanimous^, and remember not ? only what 7 " you 



§ 262. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UT. 



193 



have received from other great men, but also what you your- 
self have produced 5 by (your) genius and study. It is the 
main thing 1 , in an orator", to seem to those before" whom he 
pleads such as he himself would wish"'. 

a to be greatly esteemed, plurirni fio, § 214. h lit. that we should con- 
tend mutually (inter nos) in kind offices (officiis.) c § 247. d without 
displeasure , eequo ammo. € imp. f antea. g lit. to one the most 
learned. h sanctus. l lit. of all. J rellquum est. k affero. l ab- 
duco„ m molestia. n extremum illud. ° obsecro. V ammo max- 
imo, §245, III. q and. — not, nee. r is qui. s pario. £ main 
thing, caput. u gen. v apud. w ind. pr. x opitulor. * § 266, 1. 



R. 4. There are letters extant 
of Cicero to his brother duintus, 
in which he exhorts and admon- 
ishes him to imitate his neighbor 
Octavius. 

When the Locrians were going 
to transport the money from the 
temple, which was without the 
city walls, into the city, a voice 
was heard by night from the 
shrine (warning them) to refrain ; 
that the goddess would defend 
her own temple. 

You know what Cotta, what 
the priest thinks ; give me now 
to understand what you think. 

See that you be in good health, 
and love me in return, and up- 
hold my dignity, if I deserve it. 



Exto epistola M. Cice- 
ro ad duintus frater, qui 
is hortor et moneo, imitor 
vicinus suus Octavius. 

Q.uum Locrensis, ex 
templum qui extra urbs 
sum pecunia in urbs 
transfero volo, noctu au- 
dior delubrum vox, absti- 
neo manus ; dea suus 
templum defendo*. 

Habeo quis Cotta, quis 
pontifex sentio ; facio er- 
go nunc intelUgo tu quis 
sentio 6 . 

Facio valeo, egOque 
mutue diligo, dignitas- 
que meus si mereor tu- 
eor. 



§ 273, 3, 3d paragraph. 



265. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I would rather* (that) a wise enemy should fear thee, than 

foolish citizens praise (thee.) Ca?sar gives (it) in charge b to 

Labienus to visit the Remi and other Beiges, and keep d them 

in allegiance 6 . You ought f to love me myself, riot mine*, if 

17 



194 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER NE. 



§262. 



we are to be true friends. Your own mind ought f to pro- 
nounce 11 you rich, not the common talk*, nor the amount of 
your possessions. Whatever comes into existence-?', of what- 
ever kind & it is, must needs 1 have a cause in m nature. 

a malo. h to give in charge, mando. c adeo. d contineo. e of- 
ficium. / oportet. s § 205, R. 7, (2.) * dico. * common talk, 
hominum sermo. J to come into existence, orior. k of whatever kind, 
qualecunque. l must needs, necesse est. m a. 



JV£. 

R. 5. Some have acquired (the 
power) of never laughing. 

Atticus, as long as he was at 
Athens, opposed the erection of 
any statue to him. 

By the Cincian law it is pro- 
vided that no one shall receive 
compensation or a gift for plead- 
ing a cause. 

I sent you a copy of the letter 
which I wrote to Brutus, that, if 
it should not please you, you 
might not send (it.) 

This is the opinion of the Ro- 
man people, that a pretext of re- 
ligion has been set up a , not so 
much that they might hinder you, 
as that no one might wish to go 
to Alexandria. 

Hens and other birds, when 
they have hatched their young, 
so defend them, that they even 
cherish them with their wings, 
lest they be injured by cold. 

R. 6. Beware of doing (it.) 

Beware of pardoning (him.) 

Take care that I never hear 
that word from you. 



Quidam, ne unquam 
video, consequor. 

Atticus, quamdiu Athe- 
ne adsum, ne quis sui 
statua potto, resisto. 

Lex Cincius caveo, ne 
quis ob causa oro pe- 
cunia donumve accipio. 

Epistola, qui ad Bru- 
tus scribo, mitto ad tu 
exemplum, ut, si minus 
placeo, ne mitto. 

Hie sum opinio popu- 
lus Romanus, induco no- 
men religio, non tarn ut 
tu impedio, quam ut ne 
quis Alexandria volo eo. 

GallTna avisque reli- 
quus, pullus quum exclu- 
do 6 , ita is tueor, ut et 
penna foveo ne frigus Ice- 
do. 

Caveo, facio. 

Caveo, ignosco. 

Caveo, unquam istic 
verbum ex tu audio. 



lit. that the name of religion has been introduced. b § 2C3, 5. 



§ 262, 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER NE. 



195 



English to be turned into Latin. 

If life (spent) in exile should seem to you more agreea- 
ble , you ought to consider 6 lest it should* not be safer. Cae- 
sar had, by letter, directed** Trebonius not to suffer Marseilles 
to be carried 5 by force. The senate formerly decreed, that 
L. Opimius should see that the state 7 received 5 no h detri- 
ment'. Beware J of doubting^ this', that m I do 71 every thing 
which I think p to be for your interest 7 ; or even that you 
wish for, if I can 7 " in any way 5 do (it.) Beware of thinking 1 
that, because I write" somewhat jocosely", I have laid aside 1 * 
anxiety* for the republic 2 '. 

a commodus. b considero, § 274, R. 8, 2d paragraph, & § 225, III. 
R. 1. c § 145, R. 2, 2d paragraph. d mando. e expugno. / res- 
publica. s capio. h that — no, ne quis. * § 212, R. 3. 3 caveo. 
k subj. l ille. m quin. n R. 10. ° omnis. p existimo, § 266, 1. 
* § 219, R. 1. r possum, § 261, 2. f modus. * existimo. u § 266, 
3. v § 256, R. 9, 2d paragraph. w abjicio. x cura. y gen. 



R. 7. It is to be feared that, in a 
short time, there will be a famine 
in the city. 

I was fearing, lest those things 
should happen, which have oc- 
curred. 

If Caesar means to give up 
the city to plunder, I fear that 
Dolabella himself may not be able 
to be of any effectual service to us. 

I add this also, which I am 
afraid I shall not justify (even) to 
yourself. 

I fear lest we should be shut 
in, so that when you wish to leave 
(the city,) you may not be able. 

A bad man will never abstain 
from crime on this account, that 
he thinks it naturally base, but 
because he is afraid that it may 
get abroad. 

Whether Pompey means to 



Vereor a , ne brevis tem- 
pus fames in urbs sum. 



Timeo, ne 
qui accido*. 



evenio is, 



Si Caesar diripio c urbs 
Ao d i vereor ut Dolabella 
ipse satis ego prosum 
possum*. 

Addo etiam ille, qui 
vereor tu ipse ut probo. 

Metuo ne intercludo, 
ut quum volo^ exeo non 
licet. 

Vir improbus nun- 
quam a scelus ob is causa 
abstineo, quod is natura 
turpis judico^, sed quod 
metuo ne emdno. 

Utrum Pompeius con- 



196 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER NE. 



^262. 



make a stand any where, or pass 
the sea, is not known ; if he re- 
mains, I fear he cannot have an 
efficient army. 

I see the weakness of your 
health, and fear that you may not 
be able to meet your present for- 
tune. 

A law was passed in the Comi- 
tia Centuriata, that no magistrate 
should kill or beat a Roman citi- 
zen in violation of an appeal. 

This also was a noble (act) of 
Thrasybulus, that when he had 
the greatest power in the state, 
he proposed a law, that no one 
should be accused of things pre- 
viously done, nor be punished. 



sisto uspiam volo A , an 
mare transeo volo, nes- 
cio ; si maneo, vereor ne 
exercitus satis firmus ha- 
beo non possum. 

Infirmitas valetudo tu- 
us video, et vereor ne 
prsesens fortuna tuus suf- 
ficio non possum. 

Centuriatus Comitia 
lex fero, nequis magistra- 
te civis Romanus adver- 
sus provocatio neco, neve 
verbero. 

Praeclarus hie* quo- 
que Thrasybulus- 7 ', quod 
quum multum in civitas 
possum, lex fero nequis 
anteactus res* accuse 
neve multo. 



a § 209, R. 3, (3.) & | 266, R. 5. c § 274, R. 7. * § 274, R. & 
• pres. § 260, R. 7, (1.) / pi. % § 266, 3. * § 265. * § 205, R. 7, 
(2.) 3 § 211, R. 8, (5.) * § 217. ' lit. lest any statue should bs 
erected. m 8 275, II. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Although the Greeks had made a drawn battle* at Arte- 
misium, still they dared not remain in the same place ; lest > 
if part of (their) adversaries' ships had doubled 6 Eubcea, they 
should be assailed by a twofold** danger. I am afraid 1 that 
you may not be able to endure 6 all the labors which I see you 
undertake. As-^ the senate had not decreed^ the treaty, 
Hiempsal is afraid u that it may not stand good' 1 . Fear 1 had 
seized J ' the Roman soldiers, that Scipio's wound might be 
mortal*. Alcibiades warned Philocles, that there was danger 
that, by the want of discipline' (among his) soldiers"*, an op- 
portunity should be given to Lysander of surprising" the ar- 
my. Gallus distrusted the small number of the cohorts 
which were at Placentia 15 , lest they could not endure 9 a pro- 
longed 7 " siege and the assault 5 of the German army. 

° to make a drawn hattle, pari prcelio discedo. b supero, 260, 



§ 262. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUO, NON QUO, ETC. 197 

R. 4. c premo. d anceps. * sustineo. f quia. s jubeo. h lit. 
be sufficiently firm. ,* pavor. i capio. k mortifer. l , want of dis- 
cipline, immodestia. m gen. n opprlmo, § 275, II. ° small num.- 
ber, paucitas. p § 221, I. q to not endure, palum tolero. r longus, 
comp. s vis. l timeo. u vereor. 

Among the Romans there was not only grief 1 for (their) 
ill success 6 , but fear also that the enemy might straightway 
attack 4 the camp. There is no e danger, that he, who can 
paint a lion or a bull skilfully -^ should not be able to do the 
same (thing) with r many other quadrupeds. I fear that I 
may possibly'' not appear to have consulted i other (men's) 
benefit 7 , but (my) own* glory z . I perceived" 1 by your let- 
ters, that you fear that your former" (letters) have not been 
delivered to me. I think it right to give (my) readers this 
precept p , that they should not try q foreign r manners by* 
their own, nor think 1 those things which are trifling" to 
themselves to have been (so) likewise" among others. 

a mosstitia. b for ill success, ex re male gesta. c extemplo. d ag- 
gredior. e non. f egregie. s in. h forte. * servio. 3 util- 
ltas, pi. § 223, R. 2. k proprius. l laus. m intelligo. n supgrus. 
red do. p I think it right to give this precept, hoc prsecipiendum 
videtur. q refero. r alienus. * ad. l arbitror. w levis, comp. 
v par modus, § 114, 3. 



QUO, NOW QUO, AND JYOJY QUOD. 

R. 9. Trees are covered with Obduco liber aut cor- 

a rind or bark, in order that they tex arbos, quo sum a fri- 

may be the safer from the cold gus a et a calor a tutus, 
and heat. 

The numerous attendance of Sustollo celebritas vir 

men and women at funerals was ac mulier in funus, quo 

abolished, that lamentation might lamentatio minuo. 
be diminished. 

At this time the republic does Ego non sane hie qui- 
not interest me ; not as if there dem tempus moveo res- 
were any thing dearer to me than publtca ; non quo aut sum 
the republic, or should be ; but ego quisquam carus, aut 
even Hippocrates forbids to apply sum debeo ; sed despera- 
medicine to those whose cure is tus etiam Hippocrates 
desperate. veto adhibeo medicina. 

Your plans seemed to the sen- Senatus magnus video 
17* 



198 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUO, NON QUO, ETC. § 262. 

ate greater than had been expect- consilium tuus qukm ex- 
ed ; not as if it had ever doubted pecto ; non quo unquam 
of your good intention, but be- de tuus voluntas dubito, 
cause it was not sure how far sed quod quo progredior 
you meant to go. volo non satis exploratus 

habeo 6 . 

a pi. b § 274, 2, R. 4. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Roman soldiers, having fixed" their javelins 6 in the 
ground c , that they might climb 6 ' the steep 6 (places) more 
lightly-^, ascend^ running 71 . I am thought (to be) too i pa- 
tient and tame J , not because' I willingly 7 * hear myself 
reviled*, but because 771 I do not willingly leave my cause, to 
break out into a passion", and alienate the judges from me. 
The woman felF at the feet of Sulpicia, and said that she 
had spoken 9 (those things,) for the sake of terrifying* her 
lover, not because 2 she hieic any thing 7 " about the Baccha- 
nalia, I have no opportunity' of speaking to u you respect- 
ing my ancestors", not because™ they were not such as w ye 
see me (to be,) but because"" they enjoyed not* popular 
fame y and the light of your honor. 

° § 257, R. 5. h pilum. c ace. d evado. e arduus. f levis, 
§ 206, R. 15. s subeo. h cursus ; lit. by running. * nimium. 
i lentus. k libenter. l to hear myself reviled, male audio. m quia. 
* to break out into a passion, ut effero iracundia. ° abalieno. p pro- 
cido. ^ loquor. r quisquam. s § 275, III. R. I. ' facultas. 
u apud. * majores. w qualis. ^~not to enjoy, careo. y popular 
fame, laus popularis. z quo. aa quod. 



QUO MWUS. 

R. 9. Death, which, on ac- Non deterreo sapiens 
count of uncertain events, daily mors, qui propter incer- 
impends over us, (and,) on ac- tus casus quotidie immi- 
count of the shortness of life, can neo, propter brevitas vita 
never be far off, does not deter a nunquam longe possum 
wise man from considering the absum, quominus corn- 
interests of the republic and his modum respublica suus- 
°wn. que consulo a . 



§ 262. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUO MINUS, AND QUIN. 199 

The poet is closely allied to Sum finitimus orator 

the orator, in this respect at least poeta, in hie quidem cer- 

almost the same, that he does not te prope idem, nullus 

circumscribe his authority within ut terminus circumscribo 

any limits, so as not to be allowed jus suus, quominus is li- 

to wander where he pleases. cet vagor quo volo. 

- §253,1, (1.) 



English to be turned into Latin. 

When we have" free 6 liberty of choice fZ , and nothing hin- 
ders 8 us from being able to do f that which we like best*', all 
pain should be kept at a distance' 1 . When the law* was 
brought forward ; for fc Cicero's return*, no OT citizen thought 
that he had a sufficient" excuse for not being present p '. The 
soldiers of Caesar were with difficulty 7 restrained 7 " from burst- 
ing* into the town', and were much dissatisfied" at this 
thing", because it seemed to have been owing" to* Trebo- 
nius that they did not get possession 2 ' of the town. It did 
not hinder* Isocrktes from being considered™ an excellent 66 
orator, that cc he was prevented 6 from speaking in public by 
the feebleness Jrf of (his) voice. 

«§ 226. b solatus. c optio. * eligo, § 275, III. R. 1. * im- 
pedio. f to be able to do, facere possum. s lit. which most pleases us, 
§ 26G, 1. h to keep at a distance, repello, § 274, R. 8. * § 257, R. 1. 
J fero. k de. ' lit. recalling Cicero, § 275, II. m nemo. 

71 satis Justus. ° excusatio ; lit. to no citizen did there 

seem to be a sufficient excuse. p adsum ; lit. that he should not be pres- 
ent. q aegre. r retineo. s from bursting into, quin irrumperent. 
' § 233. u to be much dissatisfied, graviter fero. v ace. w to have 
been owing, stetisse. x per. v to gel possession, potior. * officio. 
aa to be considered, habeor. hb summus. cc quod. dd infirm! tas. 



QUIJV. 

R. 10. I deny that there was Nego ullus gemma aut 

any jewel or pearl, which Verres margarita sum, quin con- 

did not search for, examine, (and) quiro Verres, inspicio, 

carry off. aufero a . 

Since I left the city, I have al- Ut ab urbs discedo, 

lowed no day to pass without nullus adhuc intermitto 

writing to you. dies quin ad tu scribo b . 



200 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUIN. 



§262, 



Such is the confusion of all 
things, that every man regrets 
especially his own fortune ; and 
there is no one who does not 
wish rather to be any where than 
where he is. 

It cannot fail to be charac- 
teristic of the same man who ap- 
proves the bad to disapprove the 
good. 

Hortensius did not hesitate to 
defend P. Sulla. 

There is absolutely nothing 
wanting to my being completely 
miserable. 

There is scarcely a day that 
this Satrius does not resort to my 
house. 



Ts sum perturbatio 
omnis res, ut c suus quis- 
que fortuna maxtme pce- 
nitet ; nemoque sum 4 
quin ublvis quam ubi 
sum sum malo. 

Absum non possum', 
quin idem homo-'' swn, 
qui improbus probo^, 
probus improbo. 

Hortensius non dubi- 
to% quin P. Sulla dtfendo. 

Prorsus nihil absum, 
quin sum miser 1 . 

Dies fere nullus sum, 
quin hie Satrius domus 
meus ventito. 



a P cr f- 
R. 3, (0.) 



* §258. I. 1, (2.) 
/ § 211, R. 8, (3.) 



c §262, R. 1. d §278. 
g § 266, 1. * imp. * sup. 



209, 



English to be turned into Latin, 

There is no doubt* that he who is called liberal and 
kind 6 , aims at c (the discharge of) duty, not at profit^. Oc- 
t avian us was very near 6 perishing by the uproar f and indig- 
nation of the soldiery*, because he was thought* to have put 
a common* soldier to death- 7 ' by torture". Since the king- 
dom of Bithynia has become* the public property 771 of the 
Roman people, is there any" reason why the decemvirs 
should not propose to scll p all the lands, cities, harbors, in 
short 7 , all Bithynia ? Caligula was near 7 " removing 3 the 
busts' and writings of Virgil and T. Livy from all the libra- 
ries, one" of whom he cavilled at u as (possessed) of no 
genius™ and very little learning, the other as verbose and 
negligent in (his) history. 

a dubius. b benignus. c sequor. d fructus. e to be very near, 
minimum absum quin. / concursus. g soldiery, turba militaris. 

h credo. * gregarius. J to put to death, neco. k discruciatus ; lit. 
tortured. l no. m public property, publicum. n numquis. ° causa, 
§ 212. p § 274, R. 6. q denique. T to be near, paulum absum 
quin. s amoveo. ! imago. u § 207, R. 32. v to cavil at. carpo. 
v § 211, R. 6. 



§263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER UTINAM, &,C. 



201 



<§> 263 5 I, The subjunctive is used after particles of 
uti, O and O ! si. 



wishing, as utinam 



1. O that you would but occu- 
py with me an humble farm and 
a lowly cottage ! 

O that Paris had been over- 
whelmed in the raging waters, 
when, with his fleet, he was di- 
recting his course to Lacedaemon ! 

that some portion of wonted 
valor would appear ! 

Would that all the gods and 
goddesses would destroy thee ! 

1 wish he could in some way, 
however false, repel this accu- 
sation. 

Would that those poems were 
extant, which Cato, in his Ori- 
gins, has recorded'" to have 
been commonly sung at feasts, 
many ages before his own time, 
by each of the guests, respecting 
the praises of illustrious men. 

The language of Varro gives 
me hope of Caesar, and I wish 
Varro himself would apply to the 
cause : which he certainly will 
do, both of his own accord, and 
still more if you urge him. 



O tantum libet h ego- 
cum tu a sordidus rus 6 , 
atque humilis habito ca- 
saM 

O utinam tunc, cum 
Lacedasmon classis peto, 
obruo h insanus Paris 
aqua ! 

O, si solitus quisquam 
virtu s d adsum h ! 

Ut tu omnis deus dea- 
que perdo e ! 

Utinam possum aliquis 
ratio hie crimen defendo, 
quamvis falsus. 

Utinam exto h ille car- 
men, qui multus saecu- 
lum ante suus aetas in 
epulae cantito, a singulus 
conviva de clarus vir 
laus, in Origines scriptus 
relinquo Cato. 

Varro sermo facio ex- 
pectatio Caesar, atque 
utinam ipse Varro in- 
cumbo h in causa ; qui 
profectd cum suus spon- 
tis, tum^ tu instans facio. 



a dat. » pi. c ace. in a, § 80, I. * § 212, R. 3. e § 162, 1, 
& § 323, 4, R. / lit. has left recorded. * § 278, R. 7. * § 260, R. 8. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I wish, O Romans", that you had such an abundance 6 of 
brave men, that this were a difficult question to you, whom*, 
before all others 6 , you should think f deserving of being ap- 
pointed to the management^ of this war 71 . The virtue, the 



202 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUAMVIS. § 263. 

humanity, of Piso, (his) affection* towards us all, is so great, 
that nothing can surpass- 7 (it;) I wish this* may be a (source 
of) pleasure to him' ; I see, indeed, that it will 771 (of) glory*. 
I wish you may covet n the retreat of my^ villa, that to its 
numerous' 7 and great 7 " attractions* its greatest recommenda- 
tion' may be added" by your society". 

a Quiris. h copia. c deliberatio. d quisnam. e before all others, 
potissimus. / puto. s deserving of being appointed to the manage- 
ment, praeficio, § 274, R. 8. h § 224. * amor, i supra possit. k ea 
res. l § 227. m fore. n concupisco. ° secessus. p noster. ? tot. 
r tantus. e dos. * commendatio. u accedo. v contubernium. 



QUjSMVIS, HOWEVER, or however much. 

2. However much I love my Quamvis amo Cn. Pom- 
friend Cn. Pompey, as I both do peius noster, ut et facio et 
and am bound to do, yet I cannot debeo, tamen hie, quod 
praise this, that he did not assist talis vir non subvenio, 
such men. laudo non possum. 

There is no possibility of as- Non sum potestas ex 

sisting the state on a sudden, or tempus aut quum volo a 

when you wish, however much it opitulor res publicus, 

may be pressed with dangers, un- quamvis is premo pericu- 

less you are in that station in lum, nisi is locus sum 6 ut 

which you are allowed to do so. tu is facio licet. 

a subj. R. 5. b § 261, 2. c lit. it is permitted to you. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

However full your coffers may be, I shall not think a you 
rich while I see 6 you unsatisfied ; for men estimate** the 
amount 6 of riches from what^ is sufficient for each (indi- 
vidual.) The question is^ about the acuteness of Epicurus, 
not (his) morals ; however much he may despise those pleas- 
ures which he just now 71 praised, I shall still remember 
what the chief good seems 4 to him to be. However arti- 
ficial-^ the construction* may be, it ought still to appear 
natural*. 

puto. b fut. c inanis. d metior. e modus. / from ichat, ex eo 
quantum. e the question is, agitur. h modo. * § 266, 3. J vinctus* 
k oratio. l solutus. 



§ 263. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER LICET, QUASI, &C. 



203 



LICET. 

Though truth should obtain no 
patron or defender, yet she is de- 
fended by herself. 

A dwarf is not great, though he 
stand on a mountain ; a colossus 
will retain its magnitude, even if 
it stand in a well. 

Although ambition be itself a 
vice, yet it is frequently the cause 
of virtues. 



Veritas, licet nullus 
patronus aut defensor 
obtineo, tamen per sui 
ipse defendo. 

Non sum magnus pu- 
milio, licet in mons con- 
sisto a ; colossus magni- 
tudo suus servo, etiamsi 
in puteus sto\ 

Licet ipse vitium sum 
ambitio, frequenter tamen 
causa virtus sum. 



a perf. tfut.perf. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

You cannot", although you excel ever so much 6 , advance 6 
all your (connections) to the highest^ honors. Perhaps 6 1 
may have acted / rashly, from the impulse of youth 5 ", in 
undertaking 71 his cause; since*, however- 7 , I have once un- 
dertaken it, though all (sorts of) terrors and dangers impend 
over me, I will give (him) my aid 7f and encounter 7 (them.) 

a § 260, R. 4. b quantumvis. c perduco. d amplissimus. e forsi- 
tan. / facio. e lit. impelled by youth. h suseipio, § 275, II. * quo- 
niam. J quidem. k to give aid, succurro. l subeo. 



QUASI, TAJfQUAM, AC SI, UT SI, VELUT SI, VELUTI AND CEU, 
WITH PRESENT AND PERFECT. 



The Stoics give (us) trifling 
arguments, why pain is not an 
evil ; as if the difficulty were 
about the word and not the thing. 

There are some who as care- 
fully conform to the party zeal 
and ambition of Sextus Nsevius, 



Concludo ratiuncula 
StoTcus, cur dolor non 
sum a malum ; quasi de 
verbum non de res la- 
bor v b . 

Sum qui, quasi suus 
res aut honos ago, ita 
diligenter S. Naevius stu- 



204 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUASI, &C. § 263. 

as if their own affair or honor dium et cupiditas mos 

were at issue. gero. 

A chapter (of the law) follows, Sequor caput, qui non 

which does not merely permit, permitto modo, sed plane, 

but absolutely compels and com- quasi is res tu salutaris 

mands, that the decemvirs should futurus sum, ita cogo 

sell your taxes, as if this were atque impero, ut decem- 

likely to be beneficial to you. vir vester vectigal vendo c . 

Fabius mentions the capture Fabius M. Atilius ca- 

of M. Atilius in Africa, as if pio d in Africa coramem- 

Atilius miscarried at his first oro, tanquam M. Atili- 

landing in Africa. us primus accessus ad 

Africa offendo . 

As if indeed I did not know Ceu vero nescio adver- 

that even a woman wrote against sus Theophrastus scribo 

Theophrastus. etiam femma. 

a § 266, 3. bpass. c 258, I. 1. * § 274, R. 5. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Why a do I (say) 6 more ' of Gavius ; as if y you had been 
hostile** to Gavius, and not (rather) an enemy to the name" 
of citizens? Some- 7 ' think, for this reason^, that God does 
not exist 71 , because he does not appear, nor is perceived ; 
just' as if we could see our own mind itself. The Pythag- 
oreans abstained from the bean, as if, forsooth- 7 ', the mind 
were puffed up* with that food. Since I am entering* on* 
this discussion, as if I had never™ heard, never thought, 
about the immortal gods, receive me (as) an ignorant 71 pupil, 
without bias to either side . You who ask p , why 5 I have 
spoken so largely 7 " of a thing* which is plain*, and about 
which all are agreed", do much the same thing" as if you 
loere to ask me, why I look at w you with two eyes, when I 
can attain* the same (purpose) with one ? 

• quid. § 235, R. 5. & § 229, R. 3, 2. c pi. * infestus. e §222, 
R. 7,N. /§207, R. 33. s idcirco. h sum. * proinde. J vero. 
k aggredior. L ad. m nihil unquam. n rudis. ° without bias to 
either side, integer. p lit. who ask this. q quare. r so largely, tarn 
multa. * is. « perspicuus. u all are agreed, inter omnes constet, 
§ 266, 1. v much the same thing, similiter. w contueor. x assequor. 
* quasi. z inflo. 



§263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUASI, &C. 



205 



QUASI, TAJVQUJ1M, &c. WITH IMPERFECT AND PLUPERFECT. 



Datames drove Thyus bound 
before him, just as if he was con- 
ducting a captured wild beast. 

I would wish you to undertake 
his business, just as if it were an 
affair of mine. 

The Sequani stood in awe of 
the cruelty of Ariovistus (when) 
absent as much as if he were 
present. 

As great fear for the state took 
possession of the senators, as if 
the enemy were already at the 
gates. 

The games were afterwards 
begun, as if this affair had had 
no relation to religion. 

After Perseus had made an end 
of speaking, the eyes of those who 
were present were turned upon 
Demetrius, as if he would imme- 
diately reply. 

Then indeed the senators 
alarmed, as if the enemy were 
bursting into the temple, started 
from their seats. 

Duillius, having conquered at 
Lipara, during his whole life, 
whenever he returned from sup- 
per, commanded torches to flame 
and pipes to sound before him, as 
if he were triumphing every day. 

The mock fight was no image 
of a battle, but they encountered 
as if they were fighting for the 
kingdom, and many wounds were 
given with the stakes ; nor was 
any thing but steel wanting to the 
regular appearance of a battle. 

18 



Datames vinctus ante 
sui Thyus ago, ut si fera 
bestia captus duco. 

Is negotium sic volo 
suscipio a , ut si sum res 
meus. 

Absens Ariovistus cru- 
delitas, velut si coram 
adsum horreo Sequani. 

Tantus pater metus de 
summa res & capio, velut 
si jam ad porta hostis 
sum. 

Ccepi inde ludus, velut 
is res nihil ad religio per- 
tineo. 

Posteaquam dico finis 
Perseus facio c , conjicio 
is, qui adsum, oculus in 
Demetrius, velut confes- 
tim responded*. 

Turn vero attonitus, 
ceu tern pi urn irrumpo 
hostis, exsilio pater. 

Victor Duillius apud 
Lipara, per vita omnis, 
ubi a ccena redeo, prae- 
luceo funale et praecino 
sui tibia jubeo, quasi 
quotidie triumpho. 

Decursio exercitus non 
imago sum pugna, sed 
tanquam de regnum dim-* 
ico e ita concurro, mul- 
tusque vulnus sudes fa- 
cio ; neque prceter ferrum 
quisquam desum ad Justus 
bellum species. 



206 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER MODO, &C. § 263. 

Augustus playfully reproved a Augustus aliquis jocus-^ 
man for hesitating to offer him a corripio, quod sic sui H- 
petition^, as if he were holding bellus porrlgo dubito\ 
out a halfpenny to an elephant. quasi elephantus stips 

porrigo. 

; « § 262, R. 4. *pl, c § 259, R. 1 , (2.) d § 260, R. 7, (2.) e pass, 
impers. f § 247. B lit. because he hesitated, § 266, 3. * § 266, 3. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

Hicetas of Syracuse thinks 5 , that nothing in the world* 
moves* except the earth; (and that,) as e this 7 revolves* 
around its axis with the utmost* rapidity, all the same 
(effects) are produced', as if the sky moved j while the 
earth 1 " stood still. Claudius, having been placed upon a 
litter, was carried l , sorrowful and terrified 771 , into the camp; 
the crowd who met" him pitying (him,) as if he was carried 
away to undeserved 7 " punishment. Nero deprived the con- 
suls of their power 17 , and in the room 5 of both 7- , entered 3 
alone (on) the consulship : as if it were decreed by fate* 
that Gaul" could not be reduced" but" in his consulship*. 

a adj. b censeo. c mundus. d pass. e quum. / § 206, (17.) 
g lit. turns itself. h superus. * efficio. J pass. k § 257, R. I. 
7 defero. m trepidus. " who met, obvius. ° rapio. p insons — 
agreeing with the subject. q ace. r uterque. s ineo. l decreed by 
fate, fatalis. u pi. v debello. " nisi. * § 257, R. 7. » honos. 



JIIODO, BUM, AND DUMMODO. 

Go at length from the city ; Egredior aliquando ex 

lead all thy (associates) with urbs ; educo tucum om- 

thee ; or if not, as many as pos- nis tuus ; si minus, quam 

sible ; thou wilt deliver me from multus ; magnus ego me- 

great fear, provided there be a tus libero, dummodo inter 

wall between me and thee. ego atque tu murus in- 
ter sum. 

Nor did Catiline have any con- Neque Catilina qui 

cern, provided he could obtain for modus assequor, dum sui 



$ 263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER ANTE QU AM, &LG. 



207 



himself supreme power, by what 
means he obtained it. 

The most honorable and up- 
right men of the city demanded 
that the slaves should be examined 
by the torture, and demanded (it) 
on behalf of a man, who was de- 
sirous even to be put to torture 
himself, provided only an investi- 
gation took place about his fa- 
ther's death. 



regnum paro, quisquam 
pensus* habeo. 

Postulo homo nobilis 
atque integer civitas ser- 
vus in qusestio 6 , postulo 
autern pro homo qui vel 
ipse c sui in cruciatus do* 
cupio e , dum de pater 
mors qucero f . 



° § 212, R. 3, N. 3. 
himself. e § 266, 3. 



6 lit. for torture, 
f pass, impers. 



§ 207, R. 28. * lit. to give 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Deiotarus had recourse to a the auspices of virtue, which 
forbids to regard 5 fortune, provided (one's) word rf be kept 6 . 
The Peripatetics approve 7 moderation^, and rightly approve 
(it,) provided 71 they did not commend anger*. Old men's fac- 
ulties 7 remain*, provided only h study and industry remain 1 ; 
and that, too, not in (the case of) illustrious men only" 1 and 
(of) those who are in posts of honor n , but also (of those) in 
private and tranquil* life. If the senate sends another (per- 
son) against^ the spring, T do not trouble myself 2 "; provided 
only h that my command be not prolonged ' '. 

a to have recourse to, utor. b specto. c dura. d fides. e praesto. 
/ placet, with the dative. s mediocritas. h modo. * iracundia. 
i ingenium. k lit. faculties remain to old men. l sing. m and 

that too not only, lit. nor those only. n those who are in posts of honor, 
honorati. x quietu3. y ad. z I trouble myself, laboro. <"* that my 
command be not prolonged, nobis temporis ne quid prorogetur. 



ANTEQUAM AND PRIUSQUAM WITH THE IMPERFECT AND 
PLUPERFECT. 



3. The Gauls crossed into Italy 
two hundred years before they 
took Rome. 

Aristides was present at the na- 
val battle of Sal amis, which took 



Ducenti annus ante 
qudm Roma capio in Ita- 
lia Gallus transcendo. 

Aristides intersum pug- 
na navalis apud Salamis% 



208 



INDICATIVE AFTER ANTEQUAM, 



&C. 



§26& 



place before his banishment was 
remitted. 

There was a law at Athens, 
that no one should obtain a de- 
cree of the people, that any one 
should be presented with a crown 
in his magistracy, before he had 
rendered his accounts. 

Tydides bore off to the camp 
the fiery steeds, before they had 
tasted the forage of Troy, and 
drank of the Xanthus. 



qui fio priuSj qudm poe- 
na 6 exilium c libero d . 

Sum lex Athenae, ne 
quis populus scitum fa- 
cio, ut quisquam corona 
donoin magistratuspmb, 
qudm ratio refero. 

Tydides ardens averto 
equus in castra, prius 
qudm pabulum gusto 
Troja Xanthusque bibo. 



§ 80, I. h § 251. e § 211. d Ut. he was freed. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Epaminondas, when he had come into a party*, in which a 
disputation was going on 6 about the republic, or a discourse 
holding 771 about philosophy, never departed thence till the 
discourse had been brought d to a conclusion. Mithridates 
transfixed Datames with his weapon e , and killed (him,) 
before any one could succor (him.) Hasdrubal, having 
crossed f the Ebro g before certain news 7 ' of the defeat* ar- 
rived^, on hearing^ that the camp was lost, turned his course* 
towards the sea. 

a circulus. h a disputation was going on, disputaretur, § 266, 1. 
c prius, in the first clause, and quam, in the second. d adduce e fer- 
rum. / transgredior. g Iberus. h fama. * clades. i accido. 
k lit. after he heard, accipio. l iter. m habeo. 



JJYTEQZMM AND PRIUSQU^M, WITH THE PRESENT AND PERFECT 
INDICATIVE. 



Every one is involved in a cer- 
tain plan of life, before he has 
been able to judge what was best. 

Before I speak about the suf- 
ferings of Sicily, it seems to me 
that I ought to say a few (words) 



Ante impITco quisque 
aliquis genus vivo", qudm 
possum, qui bonus sum 
judico 6 . 

Antequam de incom- 
modum Sicilia dico, pau- 
cus ego videor c sum de 



§ 263, 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER ANTEQUAM, &,C. 



209 



about the dignity of the prov- provincia dignitas dicen^ 

ince. dus d . 

I was always his friend, before Q,ui e sum semper ami- 
he became an enemy of the cus, antequam ille res- 
state, publicajfo inimicus. 

You will receive no letters Antequam aliquis locus 

from me, before I shall settle in consldo, literae a ego non 

some place. habeo. 

This I perceived as soon as I Q,ui s ego, simul ac tu 

saw you, before you began to ?i^\c\o ,priusquam\o(\\xor 

speak. c(£pi y sentio. 

a § 275, III. R. ] . & . § 264, 4. c lit. a few things seem to me. d lit. 
to need to be said, § 274, R. 8. e § 206, (17.) 



English to be turned into Latin, 

We use (our) limbs, before we have learned for the sake a 
of what use 6 we possess them. Before I answer about other* 
things, I shall say a few (words) about the friendship which 
he accuses 6 me of having violated-^, which I deem^ a most 
heavy charge. I have not attempted to excite* pity in others, 
before 1 1 was myself touched* with pity. 

° for the sake, causa. h utilitas. c habeo, § 264, 4. d ceterus. 
e criminor. / lit. which he alleges to have been violated by me. s ju- 
dico. h commoveo. ■ prius, in the first clause, quam, in the second. 
J capio. 



ANTEQUAM AND PRIUSQUAM, WITH THE PRESENT AND PERFECT 
SUBJUNCTIVE. 



In all kinds of business, dili- 
gent preparation must be made 
before you set about it. 

Exert yourself, if you can, 
even now, in any way accomplish 
the extrication of yourself 6 , and 
come hither as soon as possible, 
before all the troops of the enemy 
collect. 

Caesar transports his soldiers 
18* 



In omnis negotiumpn- 
usquam aggredior, ad- 
hibeo a praeparatio dil- 
lgens. 

Do opera, si ullus ra- 
tio etiam nunc efficio 
possum, ut tu explico, et 
hue quamprimum venio, 
antequam omnis copia 
adversarius convenio. 

Caesar miles navis flu- 



210 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER DUM, &C. 



§263. 



over the river in ships, and seizes, 
unexpectedly, a hill contiguous to 
the bank, and fortifies it, before 
it is perceived by the enemy. 

But I swear to you, that, pro- 
vided the fates will permit, I will 
return, before the moon has twice 
filled her orb. • 

I desire (while) beautiful to be- 
come the food of tigers, before 
unsightly leanness takes posses- 
sion of my comely cheeks, and 
the moisture of the tender prey 
escapes. 



men transporto, conti- 
nensque ripa collis im- 
proved occupo, et,pnws- 
quam ab adversarius sew- 
tio, communio. 

Sed tu juro si ego mo- 
do fatum remitto, ante 
reverto, quam luna bis 
impleo orbis. 

Antequam turpis ma- 
cies decens occupo mala, 
ten er que succus defluo 
prseda, speciosus qusero 
pasco tigris. 



a § 274, R. 8. b lit. that you may extricate yourself. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Do a nothing, O conscript fathers, either 6 in Italy or 6 in 
Africa, before you atone for the crime^ of those who have 
dared to lay 6 their sacrilegious hands on the untouched 
treasures of the temple of Proserpine. Do you condemn a 
friend before you hear (him) — before you interrogate (him)? 
are you angry with him before he is allowed 1 to know" either 
his accuser or his crime ? 

a gero, perf. sub. § 2G0, R. G. b neque. c expio. d scelus. e ad- 
moveo. / he is allowed, liceat. s to know, nosse. 



DUM, DOJYEC, AND QUOAD. 



4. In the following night, Fa- 
bius sends the cavalry before, so 
prepared that they might engage 
and delay the whole army till he 
himself should come up. 

In regard to Terentia and Tul- 
lia, I agree with you that they 
should follow your judgment ; 
and that, if they have not yet 



Insequens nox Fabius 
eques prsemitto, sic para- 
tus ut confligo atque om- 
nis agmen moror, dum 
consequor ipse. 

De Terentia et Tullia 
tu assentior ad tu ut refe- 
ro ; si nondum proficis- 
cor nihil sum quod sui 



§263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER DUM, &C. 



211 



gone, there is no reason why they 
should move, till we see how af- 
fairs stand, 

Calpurnius Flamma, a tribune 
of the soldiers, occupied, with a 
chosen band of three hundred 
(men,) the hill on which the ene- 
my were posted 6 , and thus delayed 
them till the whole army got 
clear. 

If you want an applauder wait- 
ing till the curtain (rise,) and sit- 
ting even till the actor shall pro- 
claim, " Applaud ye," you must 
mark the manners of every age. 

The Rhine retains its name, 
and the impetuosity of its current, 
where it flows by Germany, until 
it mingles with the ocean. 



moveo a , quoad perspicio 
qui locus 6 sum res rf . 

Calpurnius Flamma, 
tribunus miles, cum lec- 
tus trecenti manus inses- 
sus ab hostis tumulus 
occiipo ; adeoque moror 
is dum exercitus omnis 
evddo. 

Si plausor / egeo aulse- 
um ? maneo, et usque 
sedeo^, donee cantor, 
" Tu plaudo," dico, getas 
quisque noto* tu ; ' mos. 

Rhenus servo nomen, 
et violentia cursus, qua 
Germania prseveho*, do- 
nee oceanus misceo. 



a § 264, 7. » § 212, R. 3. c § 265. * lit. the affair is. e lit. pos- 
sessed by the enemy. f § 220, 3. g § 229. * fut. part. * § 274, R. 
8. S § 225, III. * pass. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

A truce was made for a two months, till ambassadors could 
be sent to Rome, that the people might decree 6 a peace on a 
these conditions. Augustus was accustomed to appoint a 
guardian to royal personages* under age 6 or insane f , till 
they grew up, or recovered their intellect s g . We must ask 
and entreat angry (persons 7 ',) if they have any power* of in- 
flicting vengeance j , to del ay k (it) till 1 their anger subsides 711 . 
What more n do you wish for 1° Are you waiting till L. Me- 
tellus gives p testimony of q his 7 ' criminality*, dishonesty', and 
audacity ? 

a in, with ace. l jubeo. c appono. d a royal personage, rex. e un- 
der acre, eetate parvus. f mente lapsus. g to recover one's intellects, 
resipisco. h lit. angry persons must be asked, fyc. § 274, R. 8. 7 vis. 
J lit. of avenging, ulciscor. k differo, § 273, 2. l dum. m effervesce 
71 amplius. ° to wish for, volo. p dico. q de. r iste. s seelus. 
1 improbitas. 



212 INDICATIVE AFTER QUUM. § 263. 



QUUM, WITH THE INDICATIVE. 

5. Though we may be equally Ut seque doleo animus, 

pained in mind when we are quum corpus doleo, facio 

pained in body, yet a great addi- tamen permagnus acces- 

tion may be made, if we suppose sio possum, si aliquis* 

that some eternal and infinite evil seternus et infinitus ego 

impends over us. impendeo malum opinor. 

When, with a vigorous and Quum is qui praetereo 
attentive mind, we contemplate acer animus et attentus 
those things which have passed, intueor, tunc facio 6 ut 
then the result is, that regret fol- aBgritudo sequor si ille 
lows if they are bad, joy if they malus sum, laetitia si bo- 
are good. nus. 

When it is enjoined that we Quum pracipio ut 
should control ourselves, it is en- egomet ipse impero, turn 
joined that reason should restrain hie praecipio, ut ratio co- 
rashness, erceo temeritas. 

a § 138,2, 4th paragraph. h lit. then it happens. c impers. § 209, 
R. 3, (5.) 



English to be turned into Latin, 

In (all) other matters, loss a is suffered 6 when calamity 
comes; but in (the case of) revenue*, not only the occur- 
rence'' of evil, but even the fear itself, produces 6 calamity. 
You ask (me) why my Laurentine 7 (farm) delights 5- me so 
much ; you will cease to wonder when you know h the con- 
venience £ of the situation K When the inquiry is instituted k , 
What can be done" ? we must also examine' how easily it 
can* (be done.) We never ought™ to be more diffident" 
than ivhen God is the subject . When Gyges had turned the 
stone** of the ring to his palm, he was not seen by any one 3 , 
but he himself saw all (things,) and again he r was seen 
when he had turned 8 the ring into (its) place. 

a detrimentum. 6 accipio. c pi. d adventus. e afFero. / neut. 
g § 265. h cognosco, § 145, VI. * opportumtas. •?' locus. k lit. 
when it is asked. l toe must examine, videndum est. m debeo. n ve- 
recundus. ° God is the subject, de Deo agitur. p pala. ° not any 
one, nullus. r again he, idem rursus. s inverto. 



§263. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUUM. 



213 



QUUM WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE. 



Though I desire, O judges, to 
be influenced by all the virtues, 
yet there is nothing which I more 
wish than to be and to seem 
grateful. 

Antigonus would have pre- 
served Eumenes, though he had 
been most hostile to him, if his 
(friends) had allowed him, be- 
cause he was aware that he could 
not be more aided by any one, in 
those events which now appeared 
to all to be impending. 

Since there are in us design, 
reason, foresight, God must needs 
have these very things in greater 
measure 6 . 

Since solitude and a life with- 
out friends is full of snares and 
alarm, reason herself advises (us) 
to form friendships. 



Quum omnis virtus, 
judex, me afficio cupio 9 
tamen nihil sum qui ma- 
lo a qudm ego 6 et gratus 
sum et videor. 

Eumenes Antigonus, 
quum sum is infestus, 
conservo, si per suus li- 
cet , quod ab nullus sui 
plus adjuvo possum in- 
telligo in hie res, qui 
impendeo jam appareo 
omnis. 

Quum sum in ego con- 
silium, ratio, prudentia, 
necesse sum Deus hic d 
ipse habeo magnus. 

Quum solitudo et vita 
sine amicus insidiae et 
metus plenus sum, ratio* 
ipse moneo amicitia com- 
paro^. 



a § 264, R. 7. b § 271, R. 3, 2d paragraph. c plup. pass. § 261, 1. 
* § 206, (15,) & § 205, R. 2, (2.) e lit. greater. f inf. 



English to he turned into Latin. 



Plato has immortalized" the genius and various discourses 6 
of Socrates by his writings, though Socrates himself had not 
left a line c . There was a vast d number of prisoners (made) 
in the Punic war, whom Hannibal had sold e , as they were 
not ransomed by their (friends). As I, after so long an in- 
terval f , had burst those barriers of noble birth^, so that 71 in 
future* the way^' to the consulship should be open* to vir- 
tue, I did not expect* that the accusers would speak of 
newness of family 77 ". 

a to immortalize, trado immortalitati. h sermo. c litera. d in- 
gens. e to sell, do venum. f after so long an interval, tanto inter- 
vals, § 236. e nobilitas, § 211, R. 5. & so that, lit. * in future, 
posthac. J aditus. k pateo. l arbltror. m genus. " 



214 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUUM. 



§263. 



QUUM IN NARRATION. 



R. 2. Pausanias, having been 
carried out half dead from the 
temple, immediately expired. 

Hortensius having begun, when 
a very young man, to speak in 
the forum, speedily began to be 
employed for more important 
causes. 

When'Alcibiades was carrying 
on these projects, Critias and the 
rest of the tyrants of Athens sent 
trusty men to Lysander in Asia 6 . 

Having been received with 
princely magnificence, we pro- 
longed our discourse till mid- 
night ; the old man talking of 
nothing but Africanus, and re- 
membering 6 not only all his ac- 
tions, but even all his words. 



Pausanias, quum semi- 
animis de templum effero, 
confestim anima efflo. 

Hortensius, quum ad- 
modum juvenis ordior in 
forum dico, celeriter ad 
magnus causa adhibeo 
CGepi a . 

Hie quum molior Alci- 
biades, Critias, ceterus- 
que tyr annus Athenien- 
sis certus homo ad Ly- 
sander in Asia mitto. 

Regius apparatus ac- 
ceptus, sermo in multus 
nox prod u co ; quum senex 
nihil nisi de Africanus 
loquor, omnisque is non 
factum d solum sed etiam 
dictum memini. 



a § 183, 2, N. last clause, 
men talked of nothing. 
§ 183, 3, N. 



b lit. into Asia. c lit. while the old 
ace. § 216. e lit. and remembered, 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Having determined 0, to anticipate 6 Darius wherever he 
was c , Alexander, that he might leave (things) safe behind* 
(him,) makes Amphoterus commander 6 of the fleet on-^" the 
shore of the Hellespont. When the scouts returned, a great 
multitude was seen 5 " from afar* ; then' fires began to blaze ^ 
through the whole plain*, as the disorderly' multitude en- 
camped 771 in a scattered way 71 . I frequently listened to° 
Zeno, when I was at Athens. Milo is said to have walked p 
through the stadium at Olympia, carrying a living ox upon 
his shoulders. When Atticus had completed seventy-seven 
years, he fell sick 7 ". 



a statuo. b occupo. c § 266, 3. d a tergo. e to make com- 
mander, prseficio. / ad. s conspicio. h from afar, procul. * de- 



§264. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



215 



inde. 5 colluceo. * all. without in, § 254, R. 3. l incondltus. 
m tendo. n in a scattered way, laxius, § 256, R. 9, 2d paragraph. 
to listen to, audio, 
ciscor morbum. 



p ingredior. q sustineo. r to fall sick, nan- 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 

§ 264* When the relative qui is equivalent to ut 
with a personal or demonstrative pronoun, it takes the 
subjunctive. 



1. Who is so ignorant, as not 
to understand that his own safety 
is involved in that of the repub- 
lic" ? 

Who is so great, that fortune 
may not make him need the aid 
of the meanest ? 

Invite those whose characters 
are not dissimilar to your own. 

The Roman nation is one 
which, when conquered, cannot 
remain quiet. 

I am a man who never did any 
thing for my own sake, rather 
than that of my fellow-citizens. 

There is nothing so difficult 
and arduous, which the human 
mind may not overcome ; and no 
passions so fierce that they may 
not be thoroughly tamed by dis- 
cipline. 

You have such a consul, as does 
not hesitate to obey your decrees. 

Those arts should be acquired, 
which cause us to be useful to 
the state. 



Q,uis est tarn ignarus, 
qui non intelligo respub- 
lica salus contineo suus ? 

duis tantus est, qui 
non fortuna etiam humi- 
lis auxilium 6 indigeo co- 
go? 

Is voco c qui mos a tu- 
us non abliorreo. 

Is sum Romanus gens, 
qui victus quiesco nescio. 

Ego is sum, qui nihil 
unquam meus rf potius 
quam civis meus causa 
facio. 

Nihil sum tarn diffi- 
cilis et arduus, qui non 
humanus mens vinco ; 
nullus tarn ferus affectus, 
ut non disciplma perdo- 
mo. 

Habeo is consul, qui 
pareo vester decretum 
non dubito. 

Disco 6 is ars, qui effi- 
cio, ut usus civltas sum. 



* lit. that in the safety of the republic is involved his own. h § 250, 
R. 1, (2.) c § 260, R. 6. * § 211, R. 3, 3d paragraph ; & § 278, 
R. 2. e § 274, R. 8. 



216 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. § ^64. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Zeno was by no means" a man 6 who, like c Theophrastus, 
would cut 6 - the sinews of virtue, but, on the contrary 6 , (one) 
who placed every thing which belonged f to a happy life in 
virtue. You should be g the man A who should first separate 1 
yourself from the society of wicked j citizens. What elo- 
quence* of the philosophers is so exquisite, as 1 to deserve to 
be preferred 711 to a well-regulated 71 state, to public law and 
morals 1 The name of an ambassador should be of such 
a kind p , that it q may be r safe even amidst hostile 5 weapons. 
In war nothing is so trifling* as not sometimes to give u the 
decisive turn* to a great event 1 ". There is nothing so in- 
credible, which may not be rendered 2 " credible by the power 
of language^ ; nothing so rough 5 " and rude aa , which may not, 
by means of oratory 66 , be brightened 00 and adorned^. 

a modus. b is. c ut. d incldo. e contra. / pertineo, § 266, 1. 
g you should be, te esse oportet. h talis. * sejungo. 3 impius. 
k oratio. l qui. m § 274, R. 8. " bene constitutus. ° debeo. 
p of such a hind, ejusmodi. q that it, qui. r versor. s lit. of ene- 
mies. * levis. u facio. v decisive turn, momentum. w res. x fio. 
v by the power of language, dicendo. z horridus. aa incultus. hb by 
means of oratory, oratione. oc splendesco. dd excolo. 



DEMONSTRATIVE WORD IMPLIED. 

How often (such things,) as Quam ssepe forte tem- 

you would not dare to wish for, ere evenio, qui non au- 

occur by chance ! deo opto ! 

At my Laurentine (farm) I In Laurentmus" meus 

hear nothing that I repent having nihil audio, qui audio, 

heard 6 ; I say nothing which I re- nihil dico, qui dico poeni- 

pent having said 6 ; no one de- teo ; nemo apud ego quis- 

fames another to me with ill-na- quam sinister sermo c car- 

tured conversation. po. 

In standing for the consulship, Quisquis sum qui os- 

whoever he is who shows any tendo alTquis in tu volun- 
good will towards you, who courts • tas d , qui colo, qui domus 

you, who comes frequently to ventito, is in petitio con- 

(your) house, he must be reckon- sulatus in amicus nume- 

ed in the number of your friends, rus habeo 6 . 

Myrmecides gained celebrity Myrmecides inclares- 



§ 264, 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



217 



by making ants and other small 
animals of ivory : he made a four- 
horse chariot which a fly could 
cover with its wings. 

a neut. h lit. to have heard, <^c. 
R. 8. / § 275, III. R. 4. 



co ex ebur formica et ali- 
us parvus animal facio 7 ; 
quadriga facio, qui raus* 
ca intego ala. 

'pi. * § 212, R. 3. e § 274, 



English to he turned into Latin. 

As a I wish to draw 6 a picture* of the habits'* and life of 
Epaminondas, I think 6 I ougmV not to omit" any thing 71 which 
tends 1 to illustrate^' it. The nobility of Campania^ had de- 
serted the state, and could 8 not be assembled l in the senate 771 ; 
there was (a man) in the magistracy who had not conferred 
any new honor n upon himself, but by his own unworthiness 
had deprived the magistracy, which he held ?J , of efficacy* 
and authority 7 *. 

°' quum. h exprimo. c imago. d consuetude, sing. e videor. 
/ debeo, § 271, R. 2. s prsBtermitto. h not — any thing, nihil. \ per- 
tineo. 3 declaro, § 275, II. k lit. of the Campanians. ' cogo. 
m § 235, (2.) n to confer new honor, honorem adjicio. ° demo, 
p gero. q vis. r jus. e possum. 



2. Gracchus chose to confess 
his fault, though he might have 
concealed it. 

Although Cicero, during all 
the preceding days, had kept his 
soldiers confined to the camp, on 
the seventh day he sent out co- 
horts to forage. 

3. Nothing is said by philoso- 
phers, at least which is rightly 
said, which has not been con- 
firmed by those by whom laws 
have been prepared for states. 

Who would think any one hap- 
pier, than he to whom nothing is 
wanting, which, at least, nature 
demands; or of more unchange- 
able fortune than (he) who pos- 
19 



Gracchus peccatum 
suus, qui celo possum 11 , 
confiteor malo. 

Cicero, qui per omnis 
superus dies miles in cas- 
tra contineo, septimus 
dies cohors frumentor 7 ' 
mitto. 

Nihil dico a philoso- 
phus, qui quidem recte 
dico, qui non ab is con- 
firmo a a qui civitas jus 
describo. 

Quis beatus quisquam 
puto 6 , quam is c qui nihil 
desum d , qui quidem na- 
tura desidero ; aut firmus 
fortuna* quam qui is pos- 



218 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



§264 



sesses such things, as according 
to the common saying, he can 
carry ashore with him even from 
shipwreck ? 

Although Aristides excelled so 
much in moderation, that he 
alone, as far as we have heard, 
was surnamed the Just, yet he 
was punished with a banishment 
of ten years. 



sideo-^, qui suicum, ut aio, 
vel e naufragium possum*' 
effero? 

Quanquam adeo ex- 
cello' 1 Aristides abstinen- 
tia, ut unus, qui quidem 
ego audio, cognomen* 
Justus appello, tamen ex- 
ilium decern annus multo. 



a R. 7. h § 260. II. R. 5. c § 256, R. 4. d § 266, 1. e all. 
R. 6. /4. g 1. h imp. * § 210, R. 3, (3.) (a.) i § 276, II. 



211, 



English to be turned into Latin. 

This a is the state 6 of my c candidateship' 7 , as far as can 6 
at present 7 be foreseen 5 '. I wish* that, as far as is consist- 
ent with your convenience*, you would come- 7 ' as soon as 
possible*. We have received an excellent' custom, if we 
observed" 1 it, from (our) ancestors, of petitioning 71 a judge, so 
far as he can e do (it) without a breach of integrity^. 

a hujusmodi. b ratio. c noster. d petitio. e possum. / adlmc. 
s provideo. h volo, § 260, R. 4. i as far as is consistent icith your 
convenience, quod commodo tuo fiat, § 249, II. J § 262, R. 4. k as 
soon as possible, quam primum. l prasclarus. m teneo, § 261, 1. 
n rogo, § 275, II. ° quse, ace. pi. p without a breach of integrity, 
saiva fide. 



4. The loss of character and 
confidence are too great to be 
capable of being estimated. 

The Athenian law forbids a 
sepulchre to be raised higher 
than five men can finish in five 
days, and a larger stone to be 
placed upon it, than will contain 
the praise of the dead, cut in four 
heroic verses. 



Fama ac fides dam- 
num" ma gnus sum quam 
qui mstimo possum. 

Extruo veto sepulcrum 
lex Atheniensis 6 alte 
quam qui quinque dies 
homo quinque absolvo\ 
nee magnus lapis impono 
quam qui capio d laus mor- 
tuus incisus quatuor he- 
roicus versus. 



1 pi- b S en - P^' c P cr f- d V cr f' 



§284, 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



219 



English to be turned into Latin. 

No changing of sides' 1 took place 6 ; fear rather than 
allegiance restraining* the Campanians, because they had 
committed too great 6 an offence 7 in (their) revolt 5 " for the 
possibility of pardon 71 . The Greeks cut down' both larger 
and more branching trees than* the soldier could k carry 
along with* his armor m . 

a changing of sides, transitio. b to take place, fio. c fides. d con- 
tineo. e majora, § 232, (2.) / to commit an offence, delinquo. e de- 
fectio. k lit. than to whom it could be forgiven : to forgive, ignosco. 
* imp. f than, lit. than which. k possum. l along with, cum. 
m arma. 



5. The Volsci had provided 
auxiliaries to send to the Latins. 

I have sent (an agent) to pay 
for transporting the statues. 

When Antiochus Epiphanes 
was besieging Ptolemy at Alex- 
andria, Popilius Lsenas was sent 
ambassador to him, to command 
him to desist from his attempt. 

The Cydnus is not remarkable 
for the breadth of its waters, but 
for their clearness; for, gliding 
with a gentle course from its 
fountains, it is received into a 
pure bottom ; nor do torrents 
rush in to disturb the smoothly- 
flowing stream. 

Carthaginian ambassadors came 
to Rome to thank the senate and 
Roman people for having made 
peace with them, and at the same 
time to ask that their hostages 
might be restored. 



Volsci compdro auxili- 
um, qui mitto Latinus. 

Mitto*, qui pro signum 
vectura solvo. 

duum Antiochus Epi- 
phanes Ptolemseus Alex- 
andria obsideo, mitto ad 
is legatus Popilius Lse- 
nas, qui jubeo inceptum* 
desisto. 

Cydnus non spatium 
aqua sed liquor memorab- 
llis; quippe lenis tractus 
e fons labor, purus so- 
lum 6 excipio ; nee torrens 
incurro, qui plactde mano 
alveus turbo. 

Legatus Carthaginien- 
sis Roma ve?iio, qui se- 
natus populusque Roma- 
nus gratia ago, quod cum 
hie pax facio c , simulque 
pcto ut obses is reddo. 



• § 242. * § 247.. c § 266, 3. * pi, 



220 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER. QUI. 



§ 264. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The eyes, like a watchmen, occupy h the highest place, that, 
having thence the widest prospect , they may discharge* their 
functions 6 . Letters were invented that they might be a 
remedy-^ against oblivion 5 ". King Philip sent for h Aristotle 
(as) a teacher for his son Alexander, that he might receive 
from him instructions' both for acting- 7 ' and speaking^'. Nero, 
the successor of Claudius, covcred k the theatre of Pompey 
with gold, for* a single day, to make a display 77 ' to Tiridates, 
king of Armenia. 

a tanquam. b obtineo. c lit. from which seeing- most (things). 
d fungor. e munus, sing. f subsidium. g § 227. h accio. 
1 prgeceptum. J § 275, III. R. 1. k operio. l in. m ostendo, lit. 
ichich he might display. 



6. Some say that only two trib- 
unes were appointed at the sa- 
cred mount. 

Persons are more easily found 
to expose themselves voluntarily 
to death, than to bear pain pa- 
tiently. 

There are some who suppose 
that Caesar thought it was better 
once for all to encounter the 
plots, which impended on every 
side, than to be always guarding 
against (them.) 

There are and have been phi- 
losophers, who thought that God 
had no management whatever of 
human affairs ; there are also oth- 
er philosophers, and these, too, 
great and noble, who think that 
the world is administered and 
ruled by the intelligence and wis- 
dom of God. 

There are many who reckon of 
no value things which seem ad- 
mirable to others. 



Sum, qui duo tantum 
in sacer mons creo tri- 
bunus dico. 

Qui sui ultro mors of- 
fero, facile reperio, quam 
qui dolor patienter fero. 

Sum, qui puto opinor 
Caesar, insidiae undique 
imminens subeo semel 
satius sum quam caveo 
semper. 

Sum philosophus ac 
sum, qui Deus omnino 
null us habeo censeo hu- 
manus res procuratio ; 
sum autem alius philoso- 
phus, et hie quidem mag- 
nus atque nobilis, qui 
Deus mens atque ratio 
omnis mundus adminis- 
tro et rego censeo. 

Qui quidam admirab- 
llis videor, permultus 
sum qui pro nihilum puto* 



§ 264. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 22i 



English to he turned into Latin. 

There are many who say, " I know that this will be of no 
use" to him; but what can I do? He asks 6 (and) I cannot 
resist his prayers." There ivas (some one) who suggested 
that the naine ri of the month of August ought to be trans- 
ferred 6 to September, because f Augustus was born° in the 
latter 7 ", (and) died 1 in the former- 7 '. You will jind k many 
(persons) to whom dangerous plans' seem more splendid than 
quiet (ones.) In all ages, fewer persons" 1 have been found k 
who conquered their desires" than the forces of the enemy p . 
You will find nobody ivho would not rather q enjoy the fruits r 
of vice* without vice (itself) 

° to be of use , prosum. h rogo. c suadeo. d appellatio, § 272. 
' § 274, R. 8. / qujd. s gigno, § 266, 3. h hie. * defungor. J is. 
* reperio. l consilium. m vir. n cupiditas. ° lit. than who. p pi. 
Place the verbs of the relative clauses last. ° malo. r prsemium. * ne- 
quitia. 



7. There is no orator who does Ne?no sum orator qui 

not wish to be like Demosthenes, sui Demosthenes similis 

sum nolo. 

It is no merit to be honest, Nullus sum laus ibi 

where there is no one who is able, sum integer, ubi nemo 

or who attempts to corrupt. sum qui aut possum aut 

conor corrumpo. 

There is no animal, except Nullus sum animal 

man, which has any knowledge prater homo, qui habeo 

of God. aliquis notitia Deus. 

The Peloponnesus itself is al- Ipse Peloponnesus fe- 

most wholly in the sea, nor are re totus in mare sum, 

there any, except the Phliasians, nee praeter Phliasius ul- 

whose territories do not touch his sum, qui ager non 

the sea. contingo mare. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Although Cato had taken up a the study of Greek literature 
(when) an elderly 6 (man,) yet he made such c progress in it, 
that rf you could not easily find (any thing) which was un- 
19* 



222 SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. § 264, 

known to him, either" relating to 7 Greek or* Italian affairs. 
Look round on" all the members of the state ; you will as- 
suredly 71 find none which is not broken and enfeebled 1 . You 
will not find any other j , except Homer and Archilochus, 
most perfect in the work* of which he has been the inventor*. 

° arripio. b senior, § 256, R. 9, 2d paragraph. c tantus. d § 262, 
R. 1. e neque. / relating to, de. ff to look round on, circumspicio. 
h profecto. * debilito, pcrf. J any oilier, quisquam alius. k § 206, 
(3.) (a.) l the inventor, primus auctor. 



INTERROGATIVE EXPRESSIONS IMPLYING A NEGATIVE, 

How few judges are there, Quotusquisqne ex ju- 

who are not amenable to the very dex sum a , qui non is ipse 

law by which they try ! We lex 6 teneo c qui qusero" ! 

have all transgressed, some more Pecco omnis, alius gra- 

heavily, some more lightly ; some vis d , alius levis ; alius ex 

with deliberate purpose, some destinatus, alius forte im- 

hurried away by accident. pulsus. 

How few philosophers are Quotusquisque philos- 

found, who think their system, 6phus e invenio, qui disci- 

not a display of knowledge, but plina suus non ostenta- 

a rule of life ; who obey them- tio scientia, sed lex vita 

selves, and submit to their own puto ; qui obtempero ipse 

decrees ! sui, et decretum suus 

pareo ! 

a sing. b § 247. c pass. * ace. pi. § 232, (2.) e § 212. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Wliat old age a is there which can b destroy c a divine vir- 
tue rf ? What (reason) is there ichy 6 you should think f that 
you can divert^ your own culpability on some one ehe h ? 
Who is there, who, if he wished to measure the knowledge 
of illustrious men by the utility or magnitude of their per- 
formances 1 , would not prefer a commander to an orator ? 

° old age, vetustas. b possum. c conficio. d vis. e quamobrem 
f coglto. s derive h some one else, allquis. * res gestas. 



§ 264. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



223 



7, 1. There is no reason to 
wonder that Ephyre is called Cor- 
inth by Homer. 

There is no reason why the 
hopes of those, who have devoted 
themselves to the study of elo- 
quence, should be diminished, or 
their industry palsied. 

What (reason) is there why 
some one's cough or sneezing, or 
the awkward driving away of a 
fly, or the fall of a key from the 
hand of a careless slave, should 
throw us into a rage? 

As to the rest, I wish you 
would be persuaded that you have 
nothing to fear beyond the com- 
mon calamity of the state ; and 
though this is very severe, yet we 
have lived in such a way, and are 
now of such an age, that we 
ought to bear firmly things which 
do not happen to us by our own 
fault. 



Non sum qui miror 
Ephyre ab Homerus 
nomtnor Corinthus. 

Non sum, cur is, qui sui 
studium eloquentia dedo, 
spes infringo, aut Ian- 
guesco industria. 

Quis sum cur tussis 
aliquis aut sternutamen- 
tum, aut musca parum 
curiose fugatus ego in 
rabies ago, aut clavis 
negligens servus manus 
elapsus ? 

De reliquus ita volo° 
tu persuadeo 6 , tu nihil 
habeo qui timco prseter 
communis casus civitas ; 
qui etsi sum gravis, tamen 
ita vivo et is 3etas d jam 
sum, ut omnis qui non 
noster culpa nos accido 6 
fortiter fero debeo. 



a § 260, R. 4. 
R. 3. • § 266, 1. 



& sub, act. § 262, R. 4. c § 274, R. 8. 



§212, 



English to be turned into Latin. 



I am under no a concern 6 about myself, but I do not Jcnoiv* 
what to do d about the boys. There is no reason why you 
should doubt whether a man can e raise himself above human 
(affairs,) who beholds f with indifference^ the mighty' 1 com- 
motio^ of events, and bears j hardships* calmly', and pros- 
perity" 1 with moderation." Antony did not know which 
way p to turn 9 . 

a nihil, § 232, (2.) h to be under concern, laboro. c not to know, 
non habeo. d ago. e possum. f § 266, 1. s with indifference, se- 
curus. h magnus. i motus. i fero. k durus. l plactde. m se- 
cundas. n adv. ° not to know, non habeo. p which way, quo. 
2 lit. to turn himself. 



224 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



^ 264, 



8. I have a volume of intro- 
ductions ; and at my Tusculan 
villa, as I did not remember that I 
had used that which is in the 
third book of the Academic 
Questions, I put it to the book 
De Gloria. 

The next honor to the immor- 
tal gods Augustus paid to the 
memory of generals, who had ren- 
dered the Roman empire very 
great from being very small. 

Atticus, who thought that his 
services ought to be rendered to 
his friends without party spirit, 
and who had always kept aloof 
from such schemes, replied, that 
he would neither talk nor hold a 
meeting with any one respecting 
that affair. 



Habeo volumen proce- 
mium ; itaque in Tuscu- 
lan um qui non memini 
ego utor ille prooemium 
qui sum in Academicus 
tertius conjicio is in liber 
De Gloria. 

Propior a deus immor- 
talis honor memoria dux 
Augustus praesto, qui im- 
perium popiilusRomanus 
ex parvus magnus reddo. 

Atticus, qui officium 
amicus prsesto sine factio 
cesiimo, semperque a ta- 
lis sui consilium removco, 
respondeo sui neque cum 
quisquam de is res collo- 
quor, neque coeo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



Agesilaus, ivlw saw that it would be a very pernicious if it 
were perceived 6 that any one c was attempting^ to desert 6 to 
the enemy, came to the place which the young men had 
seized f without the city, and praised their scheme', as if 
they had done (it) with a good intention*. Cassar himself has 
voluntarily 1 granted- 7 to me, that I should not* be in that 
camp which was about to be z (formed) against Lenttilus or 
Pompey, as I was under great obligations" 1 to them*. What 
more devoid of shame than Tarquin, iohq carried on war 
with those who had refused to submit 7 * to his pride? Phi- 
losophy can never be adequately 5 praised, since (he) who 
obeys her 7 " may s live' the whole term" of (his) life without 
uneasiness". Wretched me"', not to have been present 1 ! 

a fore. h animadverto. c § 207, R. 31. d conor. e transfugio. 
/ capio. s consilium. h animus. » lit. of his oxen will, § 249, II. 
J concede * § 262, R. 5. l § 266. 1. m beneficium. n lit. the great 
favors of xchom I had. ° devoid of shame, impudens. p to refuse to 
submit, non fero. ? satis digne. r qui, § 223, R. 2. s possum. 
1 dego. u tempus. v molestia. w § 238, 2. x to be present, adsum. 



J§ 264. SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 225 



UT, QUIPPE, OR UTPOTE—QUL 

The Egyptians, for a long time ^Egyptius olim Persa 
past hostile to the Persian power, opes infensus, ad spes ad- 
had been inspired with courage at ventus Alexander erlgo 
the hope of Alexander's arrival ; a.riimus a ) utpdte qui Amyn- 
as they had joyfully received even tas quoque transfuga, cum 
Amyntas, a deserter, and who precarius imperium verii- 
came with a power dependent on ens laetus recipio. 
another's pleasure. 

Scipio did not reject. with dis- Scipio is miles non ad- 

dain the soldiers who survived of spernor 6 , qui ex Cannen- 

the army of Cannae, as he knew sis exercltus supersum, ut 

that the defeat at Cannae was not qui neque ad Cannae ig- 

sustained through their coward- navia is clades accipio 

ice, and that there were no sol- scio, neque ullus aeque 

diers of equal standing in the vetus miles in exercitus 

Roman army. Romanus sum. 

a lit. had raised their courage. h imp. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

A skilfuF flatterer is not easily recognized 6 , as 7ie c often 
humors d (us) even by opposition 6 , and courts f (us) while he 
pretends^ to dispute 71 , and at last i gives up j (his cause,) and 
allows himself to be overcome. To me, at least**, the power 
of the tribunes (of the people) appears very pernicious*, as c 
having been produced" 1 in sedition and for sedition, 

a callidus. b agnosco. c quippe qui. d assentor. e adversor, 
§ 275, III. R. 4. / blandior. g while he pretends, simulans. h litigo, 
* ad extremum. J to giveup, do manus. k quidem. l very-pernicious, 
pestifer. m nascor, perf. 



DIGJYUS, INDIGJYUS, &c. 

9. We are not the cause to Non ego causa mundus 

the world of bringing back winter sum hiems a aestasque ref- 

and summer ; we think too highly ero ; nimis ego suspicio, 

of ourselves, if we think ourselves si dignus ego videor prop- 



226 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



264. 



worthy of having such mighty 
(bodies) put in motion on our ac- 
count 6 ; they have their own laws. 

(He) who governs well, must 
have obeyed some time or other; 
and he who obeys submissively 
seems worthy to govern some time 
or other. 

The character of Laeiius seem- 
ed a suitable one to discourse 
about friendship, because we had 
heard from our fathers that the 
intimacy of Scipio and Laeiius 
was very remarkable. 



ter qui tantus moveo ; su- 
us iste lex habeo. 

Qui bene impero, pa- 
reo c aliquando necesse 
sum ; et qui modeste pa- 
reo, videor, qui aliquando 
impero , dignus sum. 

Idoneus videor Laeiius 
persona qui de amicitia 
dissero, quum accipio a 
pater maxime memorab- 
ilis Scipio et Laeiius am- 
icitia sum. 



ft § 275, I. h Jit. on account of xohom such mighty (bodies) should be 
put, fyc. c § 262, R. 4. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The plays a of Livy 6 are not deserving of being read d a 
second time 6 . Caesar had judged Vibullius Rufus a suitable 
person-^ for him to send d with messages' to Pompey. In 
Cato Major I have introduced Cato when old as engaging in 
the discussion 71 , because no character' appeared more suitable 3 
to converse 11 respecting age. To name*" the conditions of 
peace belongs to him' who gives, not to him who asks" 1 
(them :) but perhaps 71 1° am not unworthy of proposing 1 " the 
penalty 9 for myself . 

° fabula. b LiviamiSj § 211, R. 4. c satis dignus. d lit. which 
should be read. fyc. e a second time, iterum. f a suitable -person, ido- 
neus. B mandatum. h to engage in a discussion, dispute. f per- 
sona. J aptus. k dico. * § 211, R. 8, (3.) m peto. n forsltan. 
pi. P irrogo. ? multa. r pi. § 207, R. 28. 



10. This is the only sentiment of 
the Academics, which none of 
the other philosophers approves. 

A passion for money is the 
only (thing) for which Vespasian 
may justly be censured. 



Hie Academicus sum 
unus sententia, qui rel- 
iquus philosophus nemo 
probo. 

Solus sum, in qui mer- 
Tto culpo Vespasian us, 
pecunia cupidltas, 



264. 



SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER QUI. 



227 



There is one thing of which 
religion, deeply seated in (our) 
minds, compels us specifically to 
complain, and (which) we wish 
you to hear, if you think proper. 

Lampido, the Lacedaemonian, 
is the only woman (that is) found 
in any age, who has been the 
daughter of a king, the wife of a 
king, and the mother of a king. 

a impers. b § 212. 



Units sum de qui nomi- 
nation ego queror religio 
infixus animus cogo, et tu 
audio, si ita videor a , volo. 

Unus femina 6 in omnis 
aevum Lampido Lacedse- 
monius reperio, qui rex 
filia, rex uxor, rex mater 
sum. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

It is worthy of remark", that there was only one h period of 
five years c in which* no senator died. Lately 6 when I had 
spoken before -^ the centumviri, the recollection occurred" 
(to me,) that, (as) a young man, I had pleaded h in the same 
tribunal' ; my mind went- 7 further* ; I began to reckon up 2 
whom I had had (as) associates in that trial" 1 , whom in this; 
I was the only one 71 who had spoken in both. 

a notatus. b unus omnlno. c period of^ 
d § 253. e proxime. f apud. s subeo. h 
cedo. k ultra. l reputo. m causa. n only 



of jive years, quinquennium. 
h a 8*°- l judicium. J pro- 
dit one. solus. 



period oj 

h ago. 
one, solus 



12. The senate determined to 
destroy Carthage, more because 
the Romans were willing to be- 
lieve whatever was said respect- 
ing the Carthaginians, than be- 
cause (things) deserving of credit 
were related. 

Aspis, inhabiting a country full 
of defiles and fortified with cas- 
tles, not only did not obey the 
king's command, but was in the 
practice of plundering whatever 
was on its way to the king. 

Apelles exhibited his works in 
a shop, (when) finished, to pass- 



Magis quia volo Ro- 
manus, quisquis de Car- 
thaginiensis dico credo, 
quam quia credo* aflero, 
statuo senatus Carthago 
excido. 

Aspis, saltuosus regio, 
castellumque munltus in- 
colens, non solum im- 
perium rex non pareo, 
sed etiam qui rex port o b 
abripio. 

Apelles perfectus opus 
propono pergula transi- 



228 SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS. § 265. 

ers by, and, concealing himself ens, atque post tabula 
behind the picture, listened to latens, vitium qui noto 
the faults which were remarked. ausculto. 

a § 274, R. 8. h lit. was being conveyed, § 145, N. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The elephants, though" 1 they were driven with great 
delays 6 through the narrow roads, yet c , wherever they went 1 \ 
rendered the line of march 7 safer 5 from the enemy, because, 
being unaccustomed (to them,) they feared 71 to approach* 
(them.) The mountaineers made attacks- 7 ', now on the van fr , 
now on the rear z , whenever™ either the ground" afforded 
(them) an advantage , or (men who) had advanced 7 ' before 
or lagged behind 5 , gave them an opportunity 7 *. The soldiers 
could neither unroll 5 nor set up* any thing; nor did (that) 
which had been set up remain, the wind rending" and carry- 
ing every thing away". 

a sicut. h sing. c ita. d incedo. e prEebeo. / the line of march, 
agmen. s pos. h lit. to (them) unaccustomed there teas fear. f adeo, 
§ 275, III. R. 1. 5 irruo. k primum agmen. l novissimus. m ut- 
cunque. n locus. ° opportumtas. p lit. having advanced before, fyc, 
progressus. q moratus. r occasio. 8 explico. ' statuo. u perscindo. 
v to carry away, rapio. 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS. 

§ 265. Dependent clauses, containing an indirect 
question, take the subjunctive. 

The Athenians sent to Delphi Atheniensis mitto Del- 

to inquire what they should do. phi consulo" quisnam fa- 

cio. 

The ambassadors of Pyrrhus, Pyrrhus legatus, pulsus 

being driven with their gifts from cum munus suus ab urbs, 

the city, acknowledged to their interrogans 6 rex suus, quis 

king, who asked them what they de hostis sedes sentio, 

thought concerning the abode of urbs c templum d sui vide* 



§ 265. 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS. 



229 



their enemies, that the city had 
seemed to them a temple, the 
senate a council of kings. 

The brothers Lydus and Tyr- 
r hen us, compelled by famine, are 
said to have cast lots which of the 
two should quit the country with 
a part of the population. The lot 
fell on Tyrrhenus, who sailed into 
Italy. 

It is uncertain whether it would 
have been more beneficial to the 
state that Csesar should be born 
or not be born. 

It is asked, why the most 
learned men disagree on the 
most important subjects. 

Learn what it is to live. 

It is uncertain what each day 
or night may bring. 

It is hard to tell what the rea- 
son is, why we are soonest alien- 
ated with a kind of disgust and 
satiety from those (things) which 
most stimulate our senses with 
pleasure. 



or, senatus rex concilium 
respondeo. 

Lydus et Tyrrhenus 
frater fames com pulsus 
sortior dico, liter* cum 
pars multitudo patria dis- 
cedo. Sors Tyrrhenus 7 
contingo, qui in Italia 
perveho. 

In in cer turn sum utriim 
Caesar magis nascor res- 
publica prosum g an non 
nascor. 

Quaero, cur doctus ho- 
mo de magnus res dis- 
seniio. 

Disco, quis sum vivo. 

Quis quisque^ nox aut 
diesfero, incertus sum. 

Difricilis sum dico i 
quisnam causa sum, cur 
is- 7 " qui maxime sensus 
noster impello voluptas, 
ab is celenter fastidium 
quid am et satietas abar 
lie no. 



<* §276, JI. b -§^74, 3. 
2d paragraph. f § 229. 
J nom, § 323, 3, (5.) 



c §272. ^ § 210. e § 212, R. 2, N. 1, 
> pcrf. h § 2Q5, R. 2, Ezc. i § 276, III. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



Cato one a day brought an early 6 fig from the province of 
Africa into the senate-house, and, showing (it) to the sen^ 
ators c , said, " I ask you when 1 you think this fruit 6 was 
taken 7 from the tree." I have told you^ what I fear, what 
I hope h , what I design 1 for the future 7 ; write to me*, in 
return 2 , what you have done™, what you are doing, what you 
mean n to do. You ask my advice , whether I think? that you 
ought to plead 9 causes in (your) tribuneship : much depends 
20 



230 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



§ 266. 



on r what you think* the tribuneship to be, an empty shadow 
or a sacred' magistracy". 

a quidam. h prgecox. c pater. d quando. e pomum. f de- 
mo. e I have told you, habes. h opto. * destino. J for the fu- 
ture, in posterum. k jjL l invicem. "* ago. n volo. ° you ask 
my advice, consulis. p existlmo. q ago. T much depends on, plu- 
rliiium refert. s puto. ( sacrosanctus. " potestas. 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



§ 268j 1. When a proposition containing either 
an accusative with the infinitive, or a verb in the sub- 
junctive, has a clause connected with it, as an essential 
part, either by a relative, a relative adverb, or a con- 
junction, the verb of the latter clause is put in the 
subjunctive. 

INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES CONNECTED WITH THE ACCUSATIVE 
AND INFINITIVE. 



They say that good men culti- 
vate that justice which is (really 
justice,) not that which is re- 
puted (to be so.) 

Critias sent confidential per- 
sons into Asia to Lysander to 
inform him, that unless he de- 
spatched Alcibiades, none of those 
things which he himself had es- 
tablished at Athens could remain 
in force. 

I have heard some one say this, 
respecting certain orators to whom 
he had carried his cause, that he 
who had refused him had been 
more agreeable to him, than he 
who had undertaken the cause : 
so much are men taken by looks 
and words, more than by substan- 
tial kindness. 



Dico vir bonus is justi- 
tia sequor qui sum, non 
is qui puto. 

Critias certus homo ad 
Lysander in Asia mitto, 
qui is certus* facio, nisi 
Alcibiades sustollo, nihil 
is res fore ratus, qui ipse 
Athenoe constituo. 

Audio hie dico quidam 
de quidam orator., ad qui 
causa suus defero, gra- 
tus sui sum is qui nego 
quam ille 6 qui recipio : 
sic homo frons c et oratio c 
magis quam ipse bene- 
ficium resque capio. 



comp. b ace. § 278. c sing. 



§ 266. SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 231 

English to be turned into Latin. 

Some think that Julius Caesar, having weighed* 1 his own 6 
and (his) enemies' forces, availed himself d of the occasion 
of seizing supreme power 6 , which he had coveted in early 
life-''. The camp of Alexander appeared to Darius (in his 
dream) to shine* with a great effulgence 71 of fire, and a little 
after Alexander (appeared) to be brought 1 to him in that 
fashion- 7 of dress in which he himself had been. Augustus 
frequently remarked 1 , that whatever 1 was done well enough, 
was done quickly enough ; and that (those) pursuing 77 * 
trifling advantages 71 at no trifling risk , ivere like (men) 
fishing with a golden hook ; the loss of which, (if) broken 
off ? , could be compensated' by nothing which they could 
catch 7 '. 

a pensitatug. h § 208, & 211, R. 3, 3d paragraph. c § 278, R. 2. 
d to avail ones self, utor. e supreme power, dominatio. / early life, 
prima setas. s colluceo. h fulgor. * adduco. i habitus. k fre- 
quently remarked, aiebat, § 145, II. 1. l quisquis. m sectans. n tri- 
fling advantages, minima commoda. ° discrlmen. p abruptus. 
2 penso. r by nothing ichick they could catch, nulla captura. 

It is not to be denied*, that Hannibal as & much excelled 
other commanders* in sagacity 6 , as f the Roman people sur? 
pass 5 all* other nations* in bravery*. I see that this has 
been the opinion ; of the wisest (men,) that law was neither 
devised 4 by the ingenuity* of men, nor is any 77 * decree 51 of 
the people, but (was) something eternal, which governed 13 
the universe 7 . This is no new custom of the senate and 
Roman people, of thinking 7 " that what is best is most noble. 
The sentiments 7 ' of Zeno are of this nature 3 ; that the wise 
(man)' is never influenced" by favor 17 , (and) never pardons 
any man's 70 fault* ; that wise (men) alone are beautiful, 
(even) if they are quite deformed^ ; rich, if they are com- 
pletely beggars r ; kings, if they live in slavery * 1 ; and that 
he ivlio has stolen a fowl 66 , when it was not necessary cc , has 
committed no less an offence dd , than he ivho has strangled 66 
his father. Many (persons) hastily ff believe, that he, who 
imitates the language"' of the good, will also imitate their 
actions^. I find that a double portico ivas constructed by 
Cn. Octavius 1 '*, near 77 the Flaminian Circus, which (portico) 
was called Corinthian, from the brazen capitals of the 
columns, 



232 SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. § 260. 

° infitior, § 274, R. 8, 2d paragraph, last douse. b tanto, § 256, R. 
16. c praesto. d § 224, R. 5. e prudentia, § 250. / quanto. e an- 
tecedo. h cunctus. ■ fortitudo. S sententia. * excogitatus. 

1 ingenium, /;/. m aliquis. " scitum-. ° quidam. T rego. 9 oni- 
versus mundus. T puto. § 275, III. R. 1. s ejusmodi. ' § 272, 
u moveo. * gratia. w any man. quisquam. x delictum, § 223, R. 2. 
v dlstortus, sup. z completely beggars, mendicus, sup. "*■ to lire in 
slavery, servitutem servire. bh gallus gallinaceus. w opus. dd has 
committed no less an offence, nee minus delinquere. ee suffoco. M tem- 
ere. eg oratio. hh factum. il § 248, I. SS ad. 



INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES CONNECTED WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE. 

Agesilaus, with great industry, made preparations for 
war" : and that 6 his soldiers might arm c themselves with more 
care d , and equip 6 themselves in a more striking manner f y 
he proposed rewards with which they should be presented* , 
whose attention 7 ' to this point' had been preeminent- 7 . How 
could Lacedsemon obtain* the enjoyment of good kings, 
when whoever was born m of the royal family" must be re- 
garded (as) king. Darius gives orders^ to Mazaeus, that 
he should burn and lay waste 9 the country 7 " which Alexander 
was going to enter 3 ; for* he thought" (he) might be re- 
duced" by want of provisions", having nothing but* what he 
had secured^ by plundering 2 ". Drusus said to his architect, 
" Do you arrange 00 my house so that whatever I do bh may- 
be seen drf by all (men.) 5 ' Piety towards God requires 6 e that 
nothing should be demanded ff of him which is unjust and 
dishonorable^'. There is no doubt AA that" what is ani- 
mated^, and has sense and reason, is better than (that) 
which is destitute kk of these. The Sicilians say, that they 
implore the senators, that if all their goods" cannot 771 " 1 (be 
restored) to the owners, (those) at least may be restored, 
which can be recognized. 

a lit. prepared (apparo) war. h quo. c passive, in a middle or re- 
flexive sense, § 248,1. R. 1, 2d paragraph. d with more care, studio- 
sius. e orno, pass. See note c . f in a more striking manner, iusig- 
nius. s orno, § 264, 5. h industria. * lit. in this thing. S egregius. 
k assequor. l lit. that they should enjoy, utor. m plup. n genus. 
° habeo, § 274, R. 8, & § 263, 5. v to give orders, mando. q to lay 
waste, populor. r regio. * adeo, § 274, R. 6. * quippe. * eredo. 

debello. w want of provisions, inopia. x nisi. y occupo. z ra- 
pio, § 275, III. R. 4. m compGno. hb ago. cc possum. dd per- 
spicio. ee postulo. ff exptto. ee inhonestus. hh lit. it is not 
doubtful. » § 262, R. 10. 2. S'S animans. ~«* careo. ll § 212, 
R. 2, N.4. wm nequeo t ' 



§266. SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



233 



INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES CONNECTED BY itELAflVE ADVERBS 
AND CONJUNCTIONS. 



The people loudly exclaim, 
that they are not willing to obey 
either one man or a few ; that all 
are destitute of liberty, whether 
they serve a king or nobles. 

Scipio said that he knew this 
very well, that the Locrians, al- 
though they had deserved $ of 
the Roman people, would be in a 
better condition under the Ro- 
mans, (though) provoked, than 
they had been under the Cartha- 
ginians, (though) their friends. 

What is more honorable, than 
for an old man (who has) passed 
through (all) the offices and em- 
ployments of the state, to be able 
to say in his own right, what the 
Pydiian Apollo says in Ennius, 
diat he is one from whom, if not 
nations and kings, at least all his 
own citizens seek counsel for 
themselves? 



Magnus" vox clamo 
populus, neque sui unus 
neque paucus volo pareo ; 
Jibertas omnis careo, sive 
rex sive optlmas servio. 

Scipio sui ille satis 
scio dico, Locrcnsis, etsi 
male de populus Roma- 
nus mereor, in bonus sta- 
tus sub iratus Rornanus 
sum, quarn sub amicus 
Carthaginiensis sum 6 . 

Quis sum prieclarus, 
quam honor et respubli- 
ca munus perfunctus se- 
nex possum suus jus dico 
idem, qui apud Ennius 
dico d ille Pythius Apollo, 
sui sum is, unde sui, si non 
populus et rex, at omnis 
suus civis consilium ez- 
jpeto ? 



"sup. *§2G6,2. c §245,1. * § 266, 1. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Magi maintain 11 that the sun is the (god) of the 
Greeks ; the moon, of the Persians ; that as often as b she 
suffers eclipse% ruin and destruction^ are portended to that 
nation. 

The soldiers of Alexander saw e that the sea raged the 
more furiously f as e it rolled 11 in a narrower space 1 between 
the island (of) Tyre and the main land', 

a affirmo. b as often as, quoties. c to suffer eclipse, deficio. d stra- 
ges. € cerno. f the more furiously, hoc acrius. g quo. k voluto, 
pass. i in a narrow space, arctius. 3 eontmens. 

20 * 



234 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN THE ORATIO OBL1QUA. 



§266. 



$ 286 3 2. In the oratio obliqud, the main proposi- 
tion is expressed by the accusative with the infinitive ; 
and dependent clauses connected with it by relatives 
and particles, take the subjunctive. 



Then at length Liscus dis- 
closes, what before he had con- 
cealed ; that there are some, 
whose authority is of very great 
weight with the common people > 
(and) who, (though) in a private 
station, have more power than the 
magistrates themselves. 

Aristotle says that certain small 
animals are produced near the 
river Hypanis, which live (but) a 
single day. 

They say that Tarquin re- 
marked, that, being in exile, he 
had ascertained what faithful and 
what unfaithful friends he had 
had, since now he could make no 
return to either. 

The leaders of the barbarians 
ordered proclamation to be made, 
that no one should leave his sta- 
tion, (and) that whatever booty 
the Romans had left was theirs, 
and was reserved for them. 

R. 1. A response had been 
made to Pyrrhus by Jupiter of 
Dodona, that he should beware 
of the Acherusian waters and the 
city of Pandosia. 

R. 5. Themistocles informed 
Xerxes, that it was contemplated 
to destroy the bridge' 2 , which he 
had made over the Hellespont. 



Turn demum Liscus, 
qui anteataceo, propono; 
sum nonnullus, qui auctor- 
itas apud plebs multum 
valeo, qui privatim mul- 
tus possum, quam ipse 
m^gistratus. 

Apud Hypanis fltivius 
Aristoteles aio bestiola 
quidarn ?zasco, qui unus 
dies vivo. 

Tarquinius dico fero, 
exsulans sui intdligo, qui 
fidus amicus habeo, qui 
infidus, quum jam neuter 
gratia refero possum. 

Dux barbarus pronun- 
tio jubeo, ne quis ab lo- 
cus discedo* ; ille sum 
pr&da, atque ille rescrvo, 
qui am que Romanus re- 
linquoK 

Pyrrhus a Bodonseus 
Jupiter dodicfio; cavco 
Acherusias aqua Pando- 
siaque urbs. 

Themistocles certus 
Xerxes facio i is ago, ut 
pons, qui ille in Helles- 
ipontusfacio, dissolvo. 



R. 1. b R. 4. c hi the oratio directa, this xcould be cave, or ca- 
veas. d n L t / lat t j ie i r i ( }g e s } i0u u b e destroyed. 



§266. 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



235 



$ 268, 3. A clause connected by a relative or cau- 
sal conjunction to a leading clause, or by a connective 
of any kind to a preceding dependent clause, and con- 
taining the thoughts or language of another, indirectly 
quoted or referred to, lias its verb in the subjunctive. 



This always seems strange to 
me in the discourse of learned 
men, that the persons who say 
they cannot steer in a calm sea, 
because they have never learned 
nor given themselves any concern 
to know, should yet profess that 
they will go to the helm, when 
the greatest waves are excited. 

When to these suspicions in- 
disputable facts were added, that 
he had led the Helvetii through 
the territory of the Sequani, (and) 
that he was accused by the magis- 
trates of the iEdui, Caesar thought 
there was sufficient reason why 
he should either punish him him- 
self or order the state to pun- 
ish. 

Africanus always had Xejio- 
phon, the disciple of Socrates, in 
his hands, and, above all things, 
praised this in him, that he said 
that the same labors are not 
equally severe to the commander 
and the soldier, because the hon- 
or itself made the labor of the 
commander lighter. 

When Caligula was named 
an heir by persons unknown to 
him, along with their intimate 
friends, and by parents among 



Hie in homo doctus 
oratio ego minis videor 
soleo, quod qui tranquil- 
lus mare guberno sui no- 
go* possum, quod nee dis- 
co nee unquam satis euro, 
idem 6 ad gubernaculum 
sui acccdo prohteor , ex- 
citatus magnus fluctus^. 

Quam ad hie suspicio 
certus res accedo e , quod 
per finis Sequani Helve- 
tu pcrduro, quod a magis- 
trates iEdui accuso, sa- 
tis sum causa 7 , arbltror 
Caesar, quare in is aut 
ipse animadverto/ aut 
civltas animadverto ju- 
beo. 

Semper Africanus So- 
cratlcus Xeriophpn in 
manus habeo, qui' in pri- 
mus laudo ilie, quod di- 
ce idem labor non sum 
a?que gravis imperator et 
miles, quod ipse honos 
labor levis facio impera- 
torius. 

Quum Caligula ab ig- 
notus inter familiar is et 
a parens inter liberi he- 
res nunciipo, derlsor vo- 



236 



SUBJUNCTIVE IN INTERMEDIATE CLAUSES. 



§206\ 



their children, lie said they mocked 
him, because they persisted in 
living after the naming. 

Not only the Africans could 
not be corrupted, but they even 
sent ambassadors to Laceda?mon 
to accuse Lysander of having en- 
deavored to corrupt the priests of 
the temple. 

The road from Apamea to 
Phrygia is through the country 
of Aulocrene ; a plane-tree is 
shown there, from which Marsyas 
is said to have been suspended 
(when) conquered by Apollo. 

The reason why the cuckoo 
puts her young under (other 
birds,) is supposed to be, because 
she knows that she is hated by all 
other birds. 



co, quod post nuncupa- 
tio vivo per sever o. 

Non solum corrumpo 
non possum Afer, sed 
etiam legatus Laceda> 
mon mitto, qui Lysander 
accuso, quod sacerdos fa- 
num corrumpo conor. 

Ab Apamea in Phrygia 
per regio Aulocrene eo h ; 
ibi ostendo platanus ex 
qui pendeo 1 Marsyas, ab 
Apollo victus. 

Causa coccyx subjicio' 
pullus sum puto quod 
scio sui invisus cunctus 
avis. 



a §r266, 1. 
/ § 212, 11. 4. 
111. ft. 1. 



* § 207, R. 27. c § 273, 5. <* § 257. e § 263, 5. 
" gen. h § 248, I. R. 1. i act. svbj. pcrf. J §275, 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We have heard of a extraordinary 6 kinds of birds in the 
Hercynian forest , whose plumage shines* in the night 6 like 
fire 7 . Augustus broke the legs of Thallus', his amanuensis 7 ', 
because he had received five hundred denarii for having be- 
trayed a letter'. It seems strange- 7 ' tliat k a diviner docs not 
laugh when he sees (another) diviner. Plato calls' pleasure 
a bait, because" 1 men arc caught by it, as fishes by the hook. 
No one despises", or hates, or shuns pleasure itself, because 
it is pleasure, but. because great sufferings attend" on those 
who do not know (how) to pursue pleasure in a rational 
manner 9 . 



a accipio. h inusitat.us. c saltus. d colluceo. e pi. f like fire, 
ignium modo. e § 21 1 ? R. 5, 1. h a manu. ■ for having betrayed a 
letter, pro epistola prodifi, § 274. R. 5. 3 mirabilis. ^ h § 273, 5. 
* appeljo. m qujd videlicet. n aspernor. ° dolor. F consequor. 
q a rational manner, ratio. 



$ 267. 



IMPERATIVE MOOD. 



237 



IMPERATIVE MOOD. 



§ 267. The imperative mood is used, in the sec- 
ond person, to express a command, an exhortation, or 
an entreaty. 



Begin, Dams3tas. 

Sing, O Muses. 

Practise justice and piety. 

Let industry be praised. 

Let crimes be punished. 

Doubt, even now, judges, if 
you are able, by whom S. Ros- 
cius was slain. 

Remove far hence, ye profane, 
and retire from the whole grove. 

O Jupiter ! preserve, I beseech 
(thee,) these blessings for us. 

Conscript fathers, by the majes- 
ty of the Roman people, aid an 
unfortunate man ; oppose injus- 
tice. 

There is great efficacy in the 
virtues ; arouse these, if per- 
chance they slumber. 

The god says to Semele, 
" Choose (for yourself;) you shall 
suffer no refusal. And that you 
may the more believe (this,) let 
the divinity of the Stygian flood 
also be witness." 

Let kings be honored. 

Be ye advised. 

Let the first victor have a steed 
adorned with trappings. 

Send ye a present to the Pythi- 
an Apollo, (and) keep yourselves 
from licentious joy. 

R, 1. Do no violence to Ceres. 



Luijjio, D am a3 1 as. 

bico, Musa. 

Justitia colo et pietas, 

Laudo indu stria. 

Purrio crimen. 

Dubito etiam nunc, ju- 
dex, si possum, a qui S. 
Roscius occido a . 

Procul Q, procul sum, 
profanus, totusque absis- 
to lucus. 

O Jupiter ! servo, ob- 
secro, hie ego bonum. 

Pater conscriptus, per 
majestas populus Roma- 
ic us subvemo miser ; eo 
obviam injuria 6 . 

Magnus vis sum in vir- 
tus ; is exctfo, si forte 
dormio. 

Semele Bens, "El- 
i-go" aio ; " n alius patior 
repulsa. Q,uoque magis 
credo, Stygius quoque 
conscius sum numen tor- 
reus." 

Rex lionoro. 

Monad. 

Primus equus phalera 
insignis victor habco. 

Pythias Apollo donum 
mitto, lascivia a tu pro- 
hibro. 

Tu ne violo Ceres, 



238 



Imperative mood. 



•267. 



Trust not too much to beauty. Nimium ne credo co- 



Do not, I beseech you, despond 
in mind. 

Let there be no hinderance to 
my orders ; nor Jet any one pro- 
ceed more slowly on account of 
the suddenness of my enterprise. 

R. 3. Regard nothing else, ex- 
cept to recover your health as per- 
fectly as possible. 

Beware of doing it : or, Do it 
not. 

Do not wish for that which 
cannot be done. 

Take care of your health. 



1 § 265. 



lor. 

Gtueeso, antmus^ ne 
despondeo. 

Ne quis me us sum dic- 
tum mora ; neve quis ob 
inceptum subitus ego e , 
segnis co. 

Facio, ne quis alius 
euro, nisi ut quam com- 
mode convalesco. 

Cavco facio. 

Nolo is volo, qui facio 
non possum. 
Cur a, ut valeo. 



' § 228. 



°pl 



d ace. e § 211, R.5, 1. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



Let king Antiochus and a the Roman people 7iave b peace 
on these conditions . Let him depart* from the cities, fields, 
villages, (and) fortresses 6 on this side of Mount 7 Taurus as 
far as to* the river/ Tanais. Let there be high priests 71 for 
all the gods (and) particular priests' for each: and let the 
Vestal virgins in the city guard J the eternal* fire. It is not 
enough z that poems be™ beautiful 71 : let them be delightful , 
and impel the mind of the hearer in whatever way* (they) 
please. At the river 7 Rubicon, Caesar said, " Let us ad- 
vance ? whither the prodigies 7 " of the gods and the injustice* 
of (our) enemies call (us.) Let the die be cast 1 ." Come 1 ' as 
soon as possible". Have 10 great courage*, and good hope. 
Do not 9 judge j O Lupus, from our silence", what we either 
approve" 



a cum. § 248, III. l sum. § 228. c lex. d excedo. 3 castel- 
lum. f § 279, J!. s as far as to, usque ad. h pontlfex. * a partic- 
ular priest, flame n J custodio. k sempiternus. l it is not enough, 
non est satis. m § 269. " pulcher. ° dulcis. p in whatever way, 
quocunque. q let us advance, eatur. r ostentum. * iniqultas. l hfr 
the die be east, jaeta alea esto. u cura lit venias. v as soon as pos- 
sible, quam prirniVm. w fac, &c. § 262, R. 4. * animus. y noli, &c. 
z taciturnltas. aa § 205. 



§268. 



INFINITIVE MOOD. 



239 



INFINITIVE MOOD. 



§ 268. The tenses of the infinitive denote respec- 
tively an action as present, past, or future, in reference 
to the time of the verbs with which they are connected. 



not hesitate to 
as he saw the 



All (men) are wont to meditate 
long, who wish to transact im- 
portant business. 

Pelopidas did 
engage as soon 
enemy. 

We shall seek that that, which 
is doubtful, be granted to us. 

It is very often said by the 
enemies of Milo, that the senate 
have decided the slaughter, in 
which P. Clodius fell, to have 
been committed against the state. 

It was reported, that the temple 
of the Ephesian Diana had been 
jointly erected by the cities of 
Asia. 

Most persons love those friends 
best, from whom they hope that 
they shall receive the greatest ad- 
vantage. 

The Britons promised that 
they would give hostages and 
would do what Caesar should 
command. 

Let each one cease to trust 
in high things; death levels all 
things. 

R. 1. I remember that I heard 
at Athens from my (friend) Phse- 
drus, that Gellius had assembled 
all the philosophers at Athens 
into one place. 

Do you not remember that you 
exclaimed that all was lost? 



Soleo diu cogito omnis, 
qui magnus negotium* 
volo ago. 

Pelopidas non dubrto, 
simul ac conspicio hostis, 
conjligo. 

Fostulo ego ille, qui 
dubius sum, concedo. 

A Milo inimicus saepe 
dicq, caedes, in qui P. 
Clodius occido 6 senatus 
jiidico, contra respublica 
facto, 

Diana Ephesius fanum 
communiter acivitas Asia 
facio, fama ftro c . 

Plerusqne amicus is 
potissimum diligo, ex qui 
spero sui magnus fructus 
capio. 

Britannus, obses do, 
quique Caesar impero^ 
sui facio polliceor. 

Desino k elatus quis- 
quam confido res; omnis 
mors aequo. 

Ego Athenae audio ex 
Phaedrus mens memini 
Gellius Athense philoso- 
phus in unus locus con- 
voco. 

Nonne memini clamo 
tu, omnis pereo? 



240 



INFINITIVE MOOD. 



§263. 



I remember that Q. Scaevola 
the augur, when he was very far 
advanced in age, daily afforded 
opportunity to all of visiting 
him. 

I remember that I far preferred 
Demosthenes to all. 

I remember that I when absent, 
and my (friends) when present, 
were defended by you. 

You remember that, in the con- 
sulship of Cotta and Torquatus, 
many things in the Capitol were 
struck with lightning. 

R. 2. We have a decree of the 
senate, Catiline, according to 
which it is meet that you should 
be immediately put to death. 

It is not enough to censure him 
who has done wrong, if you do not 
show the right way. 

R. 3. Cato declares that while 
he lives Pontinius shall not tri- 
umph. 

The Nervii said that they would 
do (the things) which were com- 
manded. 

R. 4. Caesar perceived that it 
would be with great danger to 
the Province, to have warlike 
men, the enemies of the Roman 
people, bordering upon an acces- 
sible country and (one) abound- 
ing greatly in corn. 

Pompey had declared that, be- 
fore the armies should engage, 
Caesar's army would be beaten. 



Eo-o Q. Scaevola augur 
memoria teneo, cum sum 
summus senectus*, quo- 
tidie facio omnia con- 
venio 7 sui potestas. 

Recordor longe omnis 
unus antcfero Demosthe- 
nes. 

Et ego absens, et meus 
praesens a tu defendo 5 
memini. 

Memoria teneo] Cotta et 
Torquatus consul, com- 
pares in Capitol iurn res 
de caelum percutio. 

Habeo senatus consul- 
turn, qui ex senatus con- 
sultum confestim tu inter- 
ficio, Catilina, convenit. 

Non satis sum reprc- 
liendo peccans, si non do- 
ceo rectum 7 ' via. 

Cato affirmo, sui { vivus 
Pontinius non trinmplio. 



Nervii, qui 
facio dico. 



impero ; ', 



Caesar intelligo, mag- 
nus cum Provincia peric- 
iilum sum ut homo belli- 
cosus, populus Romanus 
inimicus, locus a patens 
maximeque frumentarius 
nnitimus habeo. 

Pompeius dico, prius- 
quam concurro acies, 
fore, uti exercitus Caesar 
pello. 



a pl. 
' perf. 



7 pass. 
h gen. 



* act. imp. * § 266. R. 4. e § 245, III. / § 275, II. 
i § 257, R. 7. 3 § 266, 1. * 260, R. 6. 



§ 269. 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS A SUBJECT. 



241 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS A SUBJECT. 

<§> 269. The infinitive, either with or without a sub- 
ject-accusative, may be the subject of a verb. 



Not to show gratitude for favors 
is base, and is so esteemed among 
all men : not to love one's parents 
is impiety . 

To be shipwrecked, to be over- 
turned in a carriage, though se- 
vere, are uncommon accidents; 
man (is) in daily danger from his 
fellow-man. 

It is disgraceful to say one 
thing and think another ; how 
much more disgraceful to write 
one thing and think another 1 

To speak beautifully and ora- 
torical! y is nothing else than to 
use the best sentiments and 
choicest words. 

To put a stop to the corre- 
spondence of absent friends, what 
is it but to take from life the 
social intercourse of life 1 

R. 1. Deny, if you will, that 
(you) have received money. 

Publius Decius said it seemed 
to him in (his) sleep, that while 
he was engaged with the enemy, 
(he) fell with very great glory. 



Non refero benehcium 
gratia" et sum turpis, et 
apud omnis habeo : pa- 
rens suus non amo impius 
sum. 

Rarus sum casus, eti- 
amsi gravis, naufragium 
facio, vehiciilum everto : 
ab homo homo 6 pericii- 
lum quotidianus. 

Turpis sum alius lo- 
quor, alius sentio ; quan- 
tus turpis alius scribo, 
alius sentio ! 

Nihil sum alius pul- 
chre et oratorie dico, nisi 
bonus sententia verbum- 
que lectus dico. 

Quis sum alius tollo e 
vita vita societas, quam 
tollo amicus colloquium 
absens ? 

Nego sane, si volo, pe- 
cunia accipio . 

P. Decius dico, sui in 
somnus a video, cum in 
medius hostis versor, oc- 
cido cum magnus gloria. 



*pl. &§226. c See also § 239, R. 2. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

To flee when our country is invaded" is base. To restrain* 
our tongue is not the least virtue. It is pleasant to see the 
sun. Alas ! how difficult it is not to betray crime in the 
21 



242 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS A SUBJECT. 



§269. 



countenance^ ! To excel in knowledge is honorable* ; but 
to be ignorant is base. It is one-' (thing) to speak in Latin 5 ', 
(but) another to speak grammatically. To die h bravely is 
more honorable i than to live basely. It is easy to oppress an 
innocent (man.) 

a oppugno. h compesco. c jucundus. d §247. e pulcher. /alius. 
e Latino. h emorior. i nobllis. 



R. 2. Within about twelve 
years, more than twelve Metelli 
were consuls or censors, or tri- 
umphed ; so that it appears that 
the fortune of families now flour- 
ishes, now declines, now perishes, 
like that of cities and empires. 



It is agreed among all that 
liberty is not due to Modestus, 
because it has not been given. 

There is reason to believe that 
the world and all things which it 
contains have been created for 
the sake of man. 

R. 3. Theophrastus robbed 
virtue of its ornament, because 
he denied that to live happily de- 
pended upon it. 



Intra duodecim ferme 
annus, consul sum Metel- 
lus, aut censor aut trium- 
pho amplius duodecim ; 
ut appdret quemadmodum 
urbs imperiumque, ita 
gens fortuna nunc jloreo, 
nunc senesco, nunc in- 
tereo. 

Convenit inter omnis 
non libertas Modestus 
deheo, quia non do a . 

Credibilis sum homo 
causa facio mundus qui- 
que in is sum omnis. 

Theophrastus spolio 
virtus suus decus, quod 
nego, in is pono beate 
vivo. 



English to he turned into Latin. 

It is true that friendship can not exist except between 
the good. If it is not 6 understood how great the force of 
friendship and harmony is c , it may be learned 1 from dissen- 
sion 6 and discord 6 : for what family (is) so firm / that it 
cannot be^ utterly 71 overthrown 1 by animosities-' and quar- 
rels* 7 ? It is just l that the victor should spare the vanquished. 
It is evident 771 that laws were invented for 71 the safety of 
the citizens. It is necessary that a law should be brief, 
that it may the more easily be remembered 7 * by the 
ignorant 9 . 



§270, 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS AN OBJECT. 



243 



a § 266, 3. 
t stab'ilis. 8 
1 aequum. r 



b if it is not, si minus. c § 265. d percipio. e pi. 
§ 264. k fundi tus. * everto. i odium. k dissidium. 
constat. n ad. ° oportet. P teneo. q imperltus. 



INFINITIVE MOOD AS AN OBJECT. 

§ 270. The infinitive, either with or without a sub- 
ject-accusative, may depend upon a verb. 



Habit teaches to endure labor. 

Epaminondas was taught by 
Dionysius to sing to the sound 
of stringed instruments. 

The Gauls learned from the 
Greeks to surround cities with 
walls. 

The good through love of vir- 
tue hate to do wrong. 

R. 1. The city was afflicted, 
being unaccustomed to be van- 
quished. 

Agricola was accustomed to 
obey, and taught to consult util- 
ity as well as glory. 

Each prince possessed the 
highest excellence ; one was wor- 
thy to be elected, the other to elect. 

R. 2. That, in the first place, 
I should not have been with Pom- 
pey, and in the second place, 
with the best (citizens?) 

That you, Attius, should say 
this, (who are) possessed of so 
much wisdom? 

Wretch that I am! that you 
should have incurred such mis- 
fortunes on my account ! 

The name of one of the con- 
suls, though nothing else dis- 
pleased them, was offensive to 



Fero labor consuetudo 
doceo. 

Epaminondas canto ad 
chorda sonus doceo a 
Dionysius. 

A Grsecus Gallus urbs 
mcenia cingo disco. 

Odi pecco bonus virtus 
amor. 

Moestus civitas sum, 
vinco insuetus. 

Agricola sum peritus 
obsequor, eruditusque u- 
tilis honestus misceo. 

Uterque princeps bo- 
nus sum ; dignusqae alter 
eUgo, alter eligo. 

Ego non primum cum 
Pompeius, deinde cum 
bonus sum ? 

Tune hie, Attius, dico y 
talis prudentia praedi- 
tus? 

Ego miser ! tu in tan- 
tus aerumna propter ego 
incido ! 

Consul alter, quum 
nihil alius offendo, no- 
men invisus civitas sum. 



244 



infinitive: without a subject. 



§ 271. 



the state. That the Tarquins 
had been too long used to domi- 
nation ; that it had begun with 
Priscus ; that after that Servius 
Tullius had reigned ; that the 
Tarquins did not know how to 
live as private citizens. 

R. 3. The people commanded 
Tullus Hostilius (to be made) 
king. 



Nimium Tarquinius reg- 
num assuesco ; initium a 
Priscus facio ; regno de- 
inde Servius Tullius ; 
nescio Tarquinius pri- 
vatus vivo. 

Tullus Hostilius popii- 
lus rex jubeo, 



INFINITIVE WITHOUT A SUBJECT. 

$ 271. The infinitive without a subject is only 
used after certain verbs, especially such as denote de- 
sire, ability, intention, or endeavor. 



Caesar makes haste to depart 
from the city. 

Pelopidas did not hesitate to 
engage as soon as he saw the 
enemy. 

The full moon used to produce 
the greatest tides in the ocean. 

You are said to be the real 
father of your country. 

Demosthenes is said to have 
carefully perused Plato. 

The plays of Terence were 
thought, on account of the ele- 
gance of (their) diction, to be 
written by C. Laelius. 

The bridge over the Iberus was 
reported to have been nearly fin- 
ished. 

The Hyperboreans are said to 
be beyond the Amazons. 

Pythagoras is ascertained to 
have come to Sybaris and Cro- 



Caesar maturo ab urbs 
projiciscor. 

Pelopidas non dubito, 
simul ac conspicio hostis 
confiigo. 

Luna plenus aestus 
magnus in oceanus efficio 
consuesco. 

Verus p atria dico sum 
pater. 

Lectito Plato studiose 
Demosthenes dico. 

Terentius fabella prop- 
ter elegantia sermo puto 
a C. Laelius scribo. 

Pons in Iberus prope 
efficio nuntio. 

Ultra Amazon Hyper- 
boreus sum memoro. 

Regnans Lucius Tar- 
quinius Superbus Sybaris 



§271. 



INFINITIVE WITHOUT A SUBJECT. 



245 



tone in the reign of Lucius Tar- 
quinius Superbus. 

Let not the wicked presume to 
appease the gods by gifts. 

Cities could neither have been 
built nor inhabited without the 
assembly of men. 

I desire to know what you 
think of these things. 

R. 2. Miltiades, having been 
long engaged in commands and 
magistracies, appeared unable to 
be a private (citizen,) especially 
as he seemed to be drawn by 
habit to the desire of command. 

Silius Italicus was lately re- 
ported to have put an end to (his) 
life, on his Neapolitan (estate,) 
by abstinence from food. 

R. 3. I wish to be a judge, not 
a teacher. 

Timoleon chose rather to be 
loved than feared. 



et Croton Pythagoras vt* 
nio reperio. 

Donum impius ne pla- 
co audeo deus. 

Urbs sine homo coetus 
non possum nee cedifico 
nee frequento. 

duis de is coglto, scio 
volo. 

Miltiades, multum in 
imperium magistratusque 
versatus, non videor pos- 
sum sum privatus, prae- 
sertim quum consuetudo 
ad imperium cupiditas 
traho videor. 

Modo nuntio Silius 
Italicus in Neapolitanus 
suus inedia vita Jinio. 

Judex ego sum, non 
doctor volo. 

Timoleon malo suidil- 
igo quam metuo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I wish both to be and to be considered* grateful. ^Elius 
wished to be a Stoic, but he neither was nor aimed b to be an 
orator. Clodius desires to be made tribune of the people. 
I had rather be in health* than to be rich. I begin to be 
troublesome to you. It teas reported 6 to Afranius, that 
large companies 7 , who were on their way*. to Caesar, had 
halted at the river. The Bructeri formerly came* next to 
the Tencteri ; now it is said that the Chamavi and the An- 
grivarii have entered in 1 . It is related^ , that the Venus, who 
is called Astarte, married Adonis. Our (friend) Calvus 
wished to be called 11 an Attic orator. 



a habeo. b studeo. c cupio. d to be in health, valeo. * nun- 
tio. f comitatus. g to be on the way, iter habeo. h occurro, imp. 
* to enter in, imigro. 3 prodo. k R. 3, 2d paragraph. 

21* 



246 



INFINITIVE WITH THE ACCUSATIVE. 



§272. 



INFINITIVE WITH THE ACCUSATIVE. 

$ 272. The infinitive ivith the accusative depends 
on verbs and phrases, which denote either the exercise 
of the senses or intellectual powers, or the communica- 
tion of thought to others. 



Thou knowest that I love Scio ego amo verum 
truth. 

Do not forget that thou art 
Caesar. 

Poets feign that Briareus had a 
hundred arms and fifty heads. 



Publius Scipio used to say, 
that he was never less idle than 
when idle, nor less alone than 
when he was alone. 



Alexander ordered the tomb 
of Cyrus to be opened. 

They say that Socrates replied 
to some one who complained 
that his foreign travels had done 
him no good, "Not without rea- 
son has this happened to you, 
for you travelled with yourself." 

They say that there was a cer- 
tain Myndarides of the city of 
the Sybarites, who, having seen 
(a man) digging and lifting his 
spade rather high, complained 
that he was made weary, and for- 
bade him to do that work in his 
presence. 



Nolo obliviscor tu sum 
Caesar. 

Poeta jingo Briareus 
habeo centum brachium 
et quinquaginta caput. 

Publius Scipio dico 
soleo, nunquam sui mi- 
nus otiosus sum quam 
cum otiosus, nee minus 
solus quam cum solus 
sum. 

Sepulcrum Cyrus ape- 
rio Alexander jubeo. 

Socrates querens qui- 
dam, quod nihil sui per- 
egrinatio prosum re- 
spondco fero, " Non 
immento hoc tu evenio, 
tucum enim peregrinor." 

Myndarides aio sum, 
ex Sybaritse civitas, qui 
quum video fodiens, et 
alte rastrum allevans, las- 
sus sui facio questus, ve- 
to is ille opus in con- 
spectus suus facio. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Hesiod says* that no 6 planter of an olive has ever en- 
joyed* the fruit from it ; so slow a business was it then, but 



§ 273. 



INFINITIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER THAT. 



247 



now they are planted 6 in nursery-beds f , and, after trans- 
pi anting 5 ", their berries are gathered in the second 71 year. 
Suppose 1 that some one is now becoming a philosopher- 7 ', (but) 
as yet is not* (one,) what system* shall he choose in prefer- 
ence to all others 771 7 

a n ego. h quisquam. c sator. d percipio. e sero. fa nursery- 
bed, plantarium. * lit. the berries of the transplanted (olives.) h § 120, 
1. » fingo. J sapiens. k not as yet, nondum. l discipllna. m in 
preference to all others, potissimum. 



INFINITIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER THAT. 

<§> 273. When the particle that, in English, intro- 
duces a clause denoting a purpose, object, or result, it is 
a sign of the subjunctive in Latin, and is to be ex- 
pressed by ut, &c. ; but otherwise it is usually the sign 
of the infinitive with the accusative. 



1. If virtue can produce this 
effect, that one be not miserable, 
it will more easily cause that he 
be most happy ; for there is less 
difference between a happy and a 
very happy (man,) than between 
a happy and a miserable (man.) 

The sun causes every thing to 
flourish, and grow to maturity, in 
its respective kind. 

Chrysippus has neatly said, as 
(he has said) many things, that 
he who runs in a stadium ought 
to strive and contend, as much as 
he can, to conquer, but ought 
by no means to trip up him with 
whom he is contending. 

Every virtue attracts us to it- 
self, and makes us love those in 
whom it appears to be found. 



Si possum virtus efficio, 
ne miser aliquis sum, fa- 
cile ejficio ut beatus sum ; 
parvus enim intervallum* 
sum a beatus ad beatus, 
quam a miser ad beatus. 

Sol ejjicio ut omnisjlo- 
reo, et in suus quisque 
genus pub e sco. 

Scite Chrysippus, ut 
multus, " Qui stadium 
curro," inquam, " enitor 
et contendo debeo quam 
maxim e possum ut vinco, 
supplanto is quicum cer- 
to nullus modus debeo. " 

Omnis virtus ego ad 
sui allicio,/#aMque, ?/£is 
diligo, in qui ipse insum 
videor 6 . 



§ 212. * § 266, 1. 



248 INFINITIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER THAT. § 273. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Scarcely ever* can a parent prevail on himself* to conquer 6 
nature, so as d to banish 8 love towards his children from 
(his) mind. I arrived at Rome on the fifth day-'' before the 
Ides of December" , and made it my first business h to have 
an interview with Pansa*, from whom I heard such- 7 ' (news) 
of you as* I was most desirous' (to hear.) If you sail" 1 im- 
mediately, you will overtake" me at Leucas; but, if you 
wish to recruit^ yourself, take particular care 1 that you have 
a proper 7 " ship. 

a rmnquam fere. h to prevail on one's self, induce, anirrmm. c vin- 
co. d so as, ut. e ejicio. f § 326, 7. s adj. h and made it my 
first business, nee habui quidquam antiquius quam. * to have an inter- 
vieic with Pansa, ut Pansam conveniam. ■? is. k relative. l to be 
most desirous, maxime opto. m navigo. " consequor. ° pi. p con- 
firmo. 9 take particular care, diligenter videbis. r idoneus. 



2. It is the impulse of nature, Natura impello, ut ho- 

that human society should study mo ccetus studeoj>aro is, 

to procure those things, which quisuppedito et ad cultus 

suffice for refinement and for sup- et ad victus. 
port. 

If we are not induced to be Si non ipse honestum 

honest men by the beauty of vir- moveo, ut bonus vir sum, 

tue itself, but by some benefit and sed utilitas allquis ac 

profit, we are not honest, but fructus, calidus sum, non 

cunning. bonus. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We have not ceased* to admonish Pompey to avoid 1 this 
great disgrace , but he has left room neither for our prayers 
nor admonitions. I have very lately d written a book on the 
best style 6 of oratory f , which I will tell your (servants) to 
copy* and send you. When the Athenians had sent to Del- 
phi to consult 71 what' they should do respecting their affairs, 
the Pythia answered that they should fortify themselves 
with wooden walls. Caesar had strictly-' charged k Treboni- 
us not to suffer the town to be taken' by storm™. Caesar 



§ 273. INFINITIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER THAT. 249 

charges Volusenus, when he had explored 71 every thing, to 
return to him as soon as possible . I will give, as a first 
'precept 9 to him whom I am instructing 9 , carefully 7 " and thor- 
oughly to make himself acquainted 8 with whatever causes he 
is going to plead'. Piso dared to make proclamation 11 that 
the senate should resume 3 their (ordinary) dress. A pesti- 
lence attacking" 7 the city, compelled the senate to command* 
the decemvirs to inspect the Sibylline books. The dictator 
commanded the tribunes of the soldiers that they should or- 
der y the baggage to be collected into one (heap.) 

a desisto. b fugio. c infamia. d very lately, proxime. e genus. 
f dico, ger. s describe ^§ 276, II. * quisnam. 3 magnopere. 
k mando. l expugno. m vis. n § 257, R. 5. ° as soon as possi- 
ble, quam primum. p I will give as a first precept, hoc primum prse- 
cipiam. 2 instituo. r diligenter. s to make one's self acquainted, 
cognosce * ago. " edico. v xedeo ad. w adortus. x impero. 
y jubeo. 



4. Those who gave to Greece Ille qui Grsecia forma 

the forms of her republics, wished respublica do, corpus ju- 

the bodies of her youths to be venis^rmo labor volo. 
strengthened by toil. 

When I have praised some one Quum aliquis apud tu 

of your friends to you, I shall laudo tuus familiaris, vo- 

wish him to know from you that I lo ille scio ex tu ego is 

have done it. facio. 

I wish you would answer me, Volo uii ego respon- 

whether any, except you, of the deo, numquis ex totus 

whole college, dared to propose collegium lex audeo fero 

the law. prseter unus tu. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

I will never wish" from the gods, O Romans, for the sake 5 
of lessening my own odium rf , that you should hear 6 that L. 
Catiline is leading an army of enemies; but (yet) you will 
hear (it) in three days. Caligula wished 1 that the Roman 
people had 6 (but) one neck. Nature does not allow that we 
should increase^ our own means 71 by the spoils of others. 
Augustus did not allow himself to be called' sovereign even J 
by his children or grandchildren. 



250 

a opio. 
k facultas, 



PARTICIPLES. 



opto. h causa. c levo. d invidia. e subj. f imp. 
cultas. * inf. J § 279, 3. 



§274 
8 augeo. 



5. I am sorry that you are dis- Dolet ego, quod stom- 
pleased. achor a . 

I rejoice that my conduct is Meus factumpi*obo b abs 

approved by you. tu, gaudeo. 

6, N. Between giving and re- Multus intersum inter 
ceiving there is a great difference, do et accipio. 

With what fault do you charge Qui crimen dico, prce- 

(me,) except that (I) love? ter amo } meus? 



ind. 



inf.. 



PARTICIPLES. 

§ 274. Participles are followed by the same cases 
as their verbs. 



1. Cicero, being informed of 
every (particular) by the ambas- 
sadors, gives command to the 
pretors. 

The Latin legions, having 
been taught, by their long alli- 
ance, the Roman mode of war- 
fare, held out for some time. 

While reading my (writings) 
exercise your own judgment. 

Mummius was an impressive 
speaker, but inclined to avoid not 
only the labor of speaking, but 
even of thinking. 

Law is right reason, command- 
ing what is right, and prohibiting 
the contrary. 

Having burnt, the temple of 
Jupiter, Greatest and Best, Vitel- 
lius, repenting of the deed, laid 
the blame upon others. 



Cicero, per 
cunctus a edoctus, 
impero. 



legatus 
praetor 



Aliquamdiu Latinus le- 
gio, longa societas militia 
Romanus edoctus, resto 6 . 

Noster a legens utor 
tuus judicium. 

Mummius sum argutus 
orator, sed fugiens non 
modo dico c , verum etiam 
cogito c labor. 

Lex sum rectus ratio, 
imperans honestus*, pro- 
hibens contrarius a . 

Succensus templum 
Jupiter, Bonus Magnus, 
Vitellius, pozriitens fac- 
tum, in alius culpa con- 
fero. 



§ 274. 



PARTICIPLES. 



251 



How wretched is the bondage 
of virtue in slavery to pleasure ! 

Of animals some are destitute 
of reason, others possess it. 

Alexander, being about to ap- 
proach the confines of Persia, 
committed the city of Susa to 
Archelaus, 

Vercingetorix, being accused 
of treachery, replied to alb the 
accusations. 

We ought to cherish not the 
body only, but also much more 
the mind and soul. 

We shall need to make use of 
Greek terms. 

Eudoxus is of opinion that, the 
Chaldees are by no means deserv- 
ing of credit. 

No wise man ever supposed 
that we ought to trust a traitor. 

Every one must make use of 
his own judgment. 

The property of many Roman 
citizens is at stake, for whom you 
are bound to consult. 

Let these leaders at length con- 
fess, that both themselves and 
others must yield obedience to 
the authority of the whole Roman 
people. 

2. I -saw Cato sitting in the 
library surrounded with many 
books of the Stoics. 

Tiresias, whom the poets 
represent as a wise (man,) they 
never introduce lamenting his 
blindness. 

Vitellius advised the senate to 
send ambassadors to Flavius Sa- 



Quam miser sum vir- 
tus famulatus servicns vo- 
luntas ! 

Animal alius ratio ex- 
pers sum, alius ratio 
uteris. 

Alexander, ~Persis finis 
aditurus, Susa a urbs 
Archelaus trado. 

Vercingetorix, proditio 
insimuldtus, ad omnis cri- 
men respondeo. 

Non corpus solum suh- 
venio, sed mens atque ani- 
mus multus magis. 

Graecus utor vocabu- 
lum. 

Eudoxus sic oplnor, 
ChaldcBiis minime credo. 

Nemo unquam sapiens 
proditor credo puto. 

Suus quisque judicium 
utor. 

Ago bonum multus ci- 
vis, qui a tu consulo. 

Aliquando iste prin- 
ceps, et sui et ceterus, 
popiilus Romanus uni- 
versus aucioritas pareo 
fate or. 

Cato video in biblio- 
theca sedens, multus cir- 
cumfusus Stoic us liber. 

Tiresias, qui sapiens 
fingo poeta, nunquam 
inditco deplorans csecitas 
suus. 

Vitellius suadeo sena- 
tus, ut ad Flavius Sa- 



252 



PARTICIPLES. 



§274. 



binus to sue for peace, or at least 
for time to deliberate. 

Alexander (when) dying had 
given his ring to Perdiccas. 

R. 4. Hold this as certain, that 
nothing could have come into be- 
ing without a cause. 

The Sicilians have recourse to 
my aid, which they have long 
proved and known. 

The Romans have large sums 
of money invested in Asia. 

I wish you to be relieved from 
domestic care. 

The war being ended, it was 
ordered that the legions should 
be discharged. 

I will find him out and bring 
him to you. 

I will do this for you. 

R. 5. Nothing was so per- 
nicious to the Lacedaemonians 
as the abolition of the discipline 
of Lycurgus, to which they had 
been accustomed for seven hun- 
dred years. 

Quinctius Flamininus came 
as ambassador to king Prusias, 
whom both the reception of Han- 
nibal, and the stirring up of a war 
against Eumenes, had rendered 
suspected by the Roman people. 

Aratus of Sicyon came to the 
Ptolemy who was then upon the 
throne, the second (king) after 
the foundation of Alexandria, and 
asked for money that he might 
free his country 



binus legatus mitto, pax, 
aut certe tempus ad con- 
sulto petiturus. 

Alexander moriens an- 
niilus suus do Perdiccas. 

Ille explordtus habeo, 
nihil fio possum sine 
causa. 

Siciilus ad meus fides, 
qui habeo spectdtus jam 
et diu cognitus, confugio. 

Romanus in Asia pe- 
cuni'a magnus collocdtus 
habeo. 

Domesticus cura tu 
levdtus volo. 

Legio, bellum confec- 
tus, missus fio placet rf . 

Inventus tu euro et 
adductus. 

Hie ego tu effectus 
reclclo. 

Lacedaemonius nullus 
res tantus sum damnum 6 , 
quam disciplma Lycur- 
gus, qui per septingenti 
annus adsuesco, subldtus. 

Ad Prusias rex legatus 
Quinctius Flamininus ve- 
nio, qui suspectus Roma- 
nus et receptus Hannibal, 
et bellum adversus Eume- 
nes motus, reddo. 

Aratus Sicyonius ad 
Ptolemaeus venio, qui 
turn regno, alter post 
Alexandria conditus, pe- 
toque pecunia ut patria 
libero. 



1 neut. pi. * imp. c § 275, III. R. 1. ^ pres. * § 227. 



§ 274. PARTICIPLES. 253 



English to be turned into Latin. 

There was greater sorrow from the Ioss a of the citizens, 
than joy in the expulsion 1 " of the enemy. Conon derived 
more sorrow^ from the burning and plundering 6 of his na- 
tive pi ace f by the Lacedaemonians, than joy* from (its) 
recovery*. Regal power was exercised' at Rome, from the 
building of the city to (its) emancipation* , two hundred and 
forty-four years. The decemvirs were ordered to inspect the 
Sibylline books, on account of men's (minds) being terrified 1 ' 
with new prodigies. About eighty years' after the capture 7 "" 
of Troy, the family 71 of Pelops, which during this whole 
time had possessed p the command 7 of the Peloponnesus, is 
expelled by the Heraclldoe. 

a amissus. b fusus. c capio. d tristitia, §212. e dirutus. / native 
place, patria. e laetitia. h recuperatus. i regal power teas exercised, 
regnatum est. J liberatus. * terntus. l lit. about the eightieth year, 
m captus. n progenies. ° abl. § 236. p obtineo. q imperium. 



R. 6. Alexander restrained his Alexander miles a pop- 
soldiers from the devastation of ulatio Asia prohibeo, non 
Asia, alleging that those things perdendus is sum praefa- 
ought not to be destroyed, which tus, qui possideo venio a . 
they came to possess. 

The king sent Hephoestion into Rex Hephaestion in 

the region of Bactriana to provide regio Bactriana 6 mitto, 

supplies for the winter. commeatus in hiemspor 

ro. 

a § 266, 3. b § 204. 



English to be turned into Latin^ 

He is a fool, who, when he is going to buy* a horse, does 
not examine^ (the animal) itself, but its housing and bridled 
Arsanes ravages Cilicia with fire and sword e , that he may 
make a desert for the enemy ; he spoils 7 whatever' can be 
of use 71 (to the enemy,) intending to leave the soil, which he 
could not* defend, barren and naked. Catiline, intending to 
22 



254 



PARTICIPLES. 



§274. 



attacti the city, departs to the army prepared by Manlius in 
Etruria. The consul Brutus so reduced the power* of the 
Vestini by a single battle, that they dispersed' into (their) 
towns, for the purpose of defending themselves by (their) 
walls. 



a ichen he is <roincr to buy, emturus. h inspicio. c stratum 



pi. § 92, 5. e ferrum. / corrumpo 



quisquis. 



, 227. R. 2. 



v nequeo. 
1 dilabor. 



f to attack, signa infero. k to reduce the power, accido res. 



R. 7. In the Sabine war, L. 
Tarquinius vowed the erection of 
a temple, in the Capitol, to Jupi- 
ter, Greatest and Best. 

I am not displeased that my 
letter has been circulated ; nay, 
I have even given it myself to 
many persons to copy. 

Mummius was so ignorant, that, 
after the capture of Corinth, when 
he had contracted for transporting 
into Italy pictures and statues 
formed by the hands of the most 
eminent artists, he ordered notice 
to be given to the contractors, 
that if they lost them, they should 
give new ones instead. 

In order that the city might be 
more easily approached, Augus- 
tus distributed, to men who had 
obtained triumphs, the (charge 
of) paving the roads out of the 
money of the spoils. 



JSdis in Capitolium 
Jupiter Bonus Magnus, 
beilum Sabinus facio 
voveo Tarquinius. 

Epistola meus pervulgo 
non moleste fero ; quin 
etiam ipse multus do de- 
scribo. 

Mummius tarn rudis 
sum, ut captus Corinthus, 
quum magnus artifex per- 
fectus manus tabula ac 
statua in Italia porto loco, 
jubeoprredicoconducens, 
si is perdo novus reddo. 



duo facile urbs adeo, 
Augustus triumphalis vir 
ex manubialis pecunia 
via sterno distribuo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Athenians transported a every (thing) which could 
be moved, partly to Trcezen 6 , partly to Salamis 5 , and com- 
mitted the citadel and the performance of the sacred rites 
to a few elderly persons'*. P. Cornelius is ordered to go to 
Ostia with all the matrons, to meet 6 the (Idacan) goddess', 



$ 274. 



PARTICIPLES. 



255 



and (when) brought 1, to land, to deliver her over' 1 , for con- 
veyance 1 to the matrons. I wrote this letter before day- 
break j y by a wooden* lamp-stand', which pleased me 
greatly" 1 , because they said that you had got n it made when 
you were at Samos. A division of offices having been 
made after the victory, Antony undertook^ the regulation' 1 
of the East ; Gctavianus, the bringing back the veterans to 
Italy, and the settling" them upon the municipal lands. 

a asporto. h § 80, I. c procOro. d an elderly person, major 
natu. e obviam. / § 223, 1. s elatus. h to deliver over, trado. 
* fero. 3 lux. k ligneolus. l lychnuchus. m pleased me greatly, 
mihi erat perjucundus, n euro. ° lit. offices having been divided. 
p recipio. q ordlno. r colloco. 



PRESENT. 

R. 8. Law is a supreme rule, 
implanted in our nature, which 
commands those things which 
ought to be done, and forbids the 
opposite. 

Every state must be ruled by 
some counsel, in order that it 
may be permanent; and that 
counsel must either be allotted to 
one, or to certain select persons, 
or must be undertaken by the 
multitude and by all. 

Many writers, speaking of 
Trojan affairs, call the country 
of the Myrmidons Thessaly ; the 
tragic writers do it most frequent- 
ly, but it should by no means be 
allowed them, 



Lex sum ratio superus, 
insitus in natura, qui 
jubeo is qui facio, pro- 
hibeoque contrarius. 

Omnis respublica con- 
silium quidam rego, ut 
diuturnus sum ; is autem 
consilium aut unus trib- 
uo aut delectus quidam, 
aut suscipio multitudo 
atque omnis. 

Multus scriptor, de Ui- 
acus dicens, Myrmidon 
regio Thessalia voco ; 
tragicus frequens is fa- 
cio, qui minlme is conce- 
do. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The same (things) must be done* in the senate, but on a 
smaller scale 6 , for (we) must leave many others an opportu- 
nity of speaking, and rf we must avoid the suspicion of a 



256 



PARTICIPLES. 



§274. 



display 6 of talent. The beauty of the world, and the regu- 
larity-^ of the celestial phenomena*, compel 7 ' (us) to confess, 
that there is some superior' and eternal nature, and that it 
is to be venerated j and admired by the human race*. The 
exploits of the Romans are not to be compared 1 either" 1 with 
(those of) the Greeks, or of any other nation. It does not 
seem to me that another topic" shoidd be sought for by us* 
because these (men) have come, but we should say some- 
thing worth their hearing . 



a ago. b apparatus. c locus. d etiam 
s res. * cogo. * prsestans. i suspicio. 
of men. l confero. 7)l not either, neque. 
of their ears. 



e ostentatto. / ordo. 
* § 225, III. ; lit. race 
71 sermo. ° lit. worthy 



PAST. 

Seleucus, Lysimachus, Ptole- 
my, were at hand, already pow- 
erful in resources, with whom 
Eumenes had to fight. 

I should long have had to look 
out for a son-in-law to Arulenus 
Rusticus, if Minucius Acilianus 
had not been prepared, and, as it 
were, provided. 

Tiberius abstained from the 
Greek language, and especially 
in the senate ; to such a degree, 
indeed, that when he was going 
to mention monopolium, he first 
begged pardon for being obliged 
to use a foreip-n word. 



Immineo Seleucus, 
Lysimachus, Ptolemseus, 
ops jam valens, cum qui 
Eumenes dimico a * 

Diu ego qucero h Aru- 
lenus Rusticus gener, ni- 
si paro et quasi provideo 
Minucius Acilianus. 

Sermo Graecus Tiberi- 
us, maximeque in sena- 
tus, abstineo ; adeo qui- 
dem-ut monopolium nom- 
inaturus prius venia pos- 
tulo, quod sui verbum 
peregrinus utor\ 



imp. § 162, 15. b imp. § 261, 1. 



imp. 



266, 3. 



English to be turned into luatin. 



How could" Lacedsemon enjoy 6 good and just laws, when 
any one who had been born d of the royal family 6 must be 
taken f as king? It* (is) more miserable to be consumed 
by old age, than to resign' 1 for 1 (our) own country, rather 
than in any other way-?', the* life which, after all*, it icould 



§ 274. PARTICIPLES. 257 

be necessary to resign. Cyrus was a most wise and just 
king, yet the government 77 ' was not particularly" desirable , 
because* 7 it was controlled 9 by the nod of a single (man.) 
Numa appointed 7 " many (things) which were to be observed, 
but those without expense 5 . 

a possum ; lit. hoio could it happen that, fyc. b lit. then enjoy. 
c any one who, quicumque. d § 266, 1. e genus. f. habeo, imp. 
§ 263, 5. e is. h reddo. * pro. i rather than in any other way, 
potissimum. k after a'l, tamen. m respublica. n max! me. ° ex- 
peto ; lit. to be desired. p quum. q rego. r constituo. * im- 
pensa. 



FUTURE. 

If the Gauls attempt to make Si Gallus bellum facio 

war, we shall have to recall C. conor, excito ego ab in- 

Marius from the shades. feri C. Marius. 

When the studies of the youth duum studium juve- 

are to be extended beyond his nis extra paternus limen 

paternal threshold, it will be ne- profero, jam circumspi- 

cessary to look out for a Latin do rhetor Latmus, qui 

rhetorician, the severity and puri- schola seventas castitas- 

ty of whose school is ascertained, que consto. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

Those who aim" at the highest (things) will go higher 
than (those) who, despairing beforehand 6 of reaching the 
point they wish d ,stop e immediately 7 at ? the lowest 71 (point;) 
for this reason' I shall be the more entitled 3 to excuse, if 1 
do not pass over* even trifling* (things.) Let the teacher 
not conceal 7 " those (things) which shall require correction 71 ; 
(let him be) simple in teaching, patient of labor, rather 
assiduous than immoderate (in his demands.) When the 
boy shall have attained such/ strength in (his) studies as 
to be able 9 to understand 7 * the first precepts of the rheto- 
ricians, it will be necessary for him to be transferred 8 to the 
teachers' of the art. 

a nitor. h despairing beforehand, praesumta desperatione. c eva- 
do. d the point they wish, quo velmt. e subsisto. / protTnus. 
e circa. h neut. pi. l for this reason, quo. i lit. pardon ought the 

22 * 



258 

more to be obtained (by vie.) 



PARTICIPLES. 



* praetereo. l minor. 
teacher not be a dissembler. n emendo. ° pervenio ad 
that he can. T to understand, mente consequi. * trado 

gister. 



§274. 

m lit. let the 



* lit. 
% ma- 



3. No one, when he looks at 
the whole earth, will doubt of the 
providence of God. 

The limbs of Alexander, when 
he had scarcely entered the river, 
began suddenly to shiver and to 
be benumbed. 

The king commands Philip to 
read the epistle of Parmenio, nor 
did he remove his eyes from his 
countenance as he read (it,) think- 
ing that he might discover in his 
face itself some marks of con- 
scious guilt. 

Alexander, though tracing (it) 
with all his care, could not ascer- 
tain to what country Darius had 
gone ; according to a certain cus- 
tom of the Persians, who conceal, 
with wonderful fidelity, the secrets 
of their king. 



Nemo, cunctus intuens 
terra, de divinus provi- 
dentia dubito. 

Alexander, vix ingres- 
sus flumen, subito horreo 
artus et rigeo ccepi. 

Rex epistola Parmenio 
Philippus lego jubeo, nee 
a vultus legem moveo 
oculus, ratus sui allquis 
conscientia nota in ipse 
os possum deprehendo. 

Alexander, qui regio 
Darius peto omnis cura 
vestigans, tamen exploro 
non possum ; mos qui- 
dam Persss arcanum rex 
mirus eclans fides. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The litter in which Tiberius was travelling" being ob- 
structed 6 by brambles, he almost beat to death the pioneer^, 
a centurion of the first cohorts, token he ivas stretched 6 upon 
the ground. All things delight us more when withdrawn f , 
than when uninterruptedly" enjoyed* 1 . Some serpents, though 
born 1 out oP the water, betake themselves^* to the water, as 
soon as* they are able to make an effort" 1 . Dionysius, 
through fear* of razors , used to singe off ;> his hair with 
a burning 7 coal. 

a veho, pass. b irupedltus. c verbero. d explorator vise. * stra- 
tus. / desideratus. s assidue. h perceptus. l ortus. 3 extra. 
k betake themselves, persequuntur. " as SGon as, simul ac primum. 
171 to make an effort, nitor. " through fear, metuens. ° culter tonso- 
rius. p to singe off, aduro, § 145, II. 1. q candens. 



§275 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



259 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 

<§> 275« Gerunds are followed by the same cases 
as their verbs. 



I am desirous of satisfying the 
state. 

Absolute power is given to the 
decemvirs of visiting, whenever 
they please, all the provinces, and 
of depriving free nations of their 
territories. 

I thought that no delay ought to 
be interposed in pursuing M. An- 
tony. 

I am transported with the de- 
sire of seeing your fathers. 



Cupid us sum satisfa- 
cio respublica. 

Decemvir omnis pro- 
vincia obeo, liber populus 
ager multo summus po- 
testas do, quum volo. 

Nullus mora interpo- 
no insequor 31. Antonius 
puto. 

EquTdem effero studi- 
um pater vester video. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



The Cornelian law had expressly" given to Pompey the 
power of bestowing* the right of citizenship. The ambassa- 
dors of the Germans requested of Caesar, that he would 
give them leave^ to send ambassadors to e the Ubii. At 
Rome, the right of convoking f the senate did not belong 5 " to 
private (individuals.) The consul delayed a little 71 , for the 
purpose of ascertaining 1 the feelings j of the soldiers. 
There can be no just cause to any one of taking up arms 
against (his) country. By bearing injuries, you will merit 
greater praise than by avenging (them.) 

a definite. b dono. c imp. d to give leave, potestatem facio. 



/ voco. 
3 animus. 



g to belong, sum. 



parumoer. * experior. 



II. R. 2. A rage for ravaging 
other men's possessions agitated 
the unhappy Alexander, and urged 
him into unknown regions. 



Ago infelix Alexander 
furor alienus a devasto, et 
ad ignotus a mitto. 



260 GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. § 275* 

Logic is the art of discrimina- Dialectica sum ars re- 
ting truth and falsehood. rus a ac fahus a dijudico. 

a ncut. pi. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

We are so formed by nature" as to contain 6 in ourselves 
the principle of engaging in some pursuit 4 , and of attach- 
ing ourselves to some persons 6 . It was the malady of the 
Greeks to occupy themselves -^ in useless literary studies^; 
and the idle 71 desire of learning superfluous 1 (things) has 
seized on- 7 the Romans also. 

a to be formed by nature, nascor, perf. h imp. sulj. c pi. d lit. 
of doing (ago) something. e lit. of loving (diligo) some (persons.) 
f lit. to be occupied. s literary studies, literarum stadia. * inanis. 
* supervacuus. i to seize on, invado. 



GERUNDS. 

TIL R. 1. Avaricious men are Avarus homo non so- 

not only tormented with the pas- lum libido augeo crucio, 

sion for acquiring, but also with sed etiam amitto metus. 
the fear of losing. 

Frugality is the science of Parsimonia sum scicn- 

avoiding superfluous expense, or tia vito sumtus supervac- 

the art of using property with uus, aut ars res familia- 

moderation. ris moderate utor. 

In proportion as any one speaks Ut quisque opttme dico 

well, so he most dreads the difh- ita maxime dico difficul- 

culty of speaking. tas pertimesco. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

Epaminondas was desirous 0, of hearing; for from this he 
thought 6 that it was easiest to learn c . A great part of the 
Babylonians had stationed themselves^ on the walls, eager 6 
to become acquainted f with Alexander. Habit and practice 
both sharpen ^ acuteness h in understanding, and quicken* 
the rapidity of expression j . 



§2 



iO 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



261 



a studiosus, h arbitror. c that it was easiest to learn, facillim6 
disci, § 239, R, 3. d to station one's self, consto. e avid us. / cog- 
nosce s actio. h prudentia. * incito. J eloquor. 



GERUNDIVES. 



III. R. 1. A desire seized 
Romulus and Remus of founding 
a city on the spot where they 
had been exposed and brought up. 

Hannibal increased his repu- 
tation by his so bold attempt of 
crossing the Alps. 

All judicial proceedings have 
oeen devised for the sake of ter- 
minating controversies, or pun- 
ishing enemies. 

Either pleasures are foregone 
for the sake of obtaining greater 
pleasures, or pains are undergone 
for the sake of escaping greater 
pains. 

The difficulty of supporting an 
office through weakness, is whol- 
ly inapplicable to the majesty of 
God. 

(5.) Marius perceived that 
these (things were) merely glo- 
rious, and did not tend to termi- 
nate the war. 



Romulus et Remus 
cupido capio in is locus, 
ubi expono atque edu- 
co, urbs condo. 

Hannibal opinio de sui 
augeo, condtus tarn au- 
dax trajicio Alpes. 

Omnis judicium aut 
distrdho controversia aut 
punio m,aleficium causa 
reperio. 

Aut voluptas omitto 
magnus voluptas adipis- 
cor causa, aut dolor sus- 
cipio magnus dolor effu- 
gio causa. 

Sustineo inunus prop- 
ter imbecillitas difficult as 
minime cado in majestas 
Deus. 

Qui Marius gloriosus 
modo, neque helium pa- 
iro cognosco. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

It is not denied that Demosthenes possessed very great 
power" of eloquence 6 , but it is also c ascertained^ that he 
was fond e of hearing Plato. I rejoice 7 that you are 
desirous of bringing about s peace between the citizens. 
Zeno of Elea^ endured 2 * every thing rather than disclose^" 
(his) accomplices* in (the plan of) abolishing 1 the tyranny. 
It is true, that if any one is m ignorant of (the art of) com- 
posing" and polishing language , he cannot 2 ' fluently 9 ex- 
press even that 7 " which he knows*. 



262 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



§275. 



a vis. h dico. c quoque. d it is ascertained, constat. * studiosus. 
/ leetor. s to bring about, concilio. h of Elea : Eleaticus. * perpe- 
tior. J indico. siibj. k conscius. l deleo. m § 261, 2. " facio. 
oratio. * § 269. 3 diserte. r is ipse. s § 266, 1. 



GERUNDS. 

III. R. 2. In the gnat, nature 
so formed an instrument, that it 
was at once pointed for boring, 
and hollow for sucking. 

The pool produces frogs desti- 
tute of feet ; soon it gives legs 
suitable for swimming. 

When I was at Apamea, the 
leading men of many cities repre- 
sented to me, that too great ex- 
penses were decreed for ambas* 
sadors, as the cities were not 
able to pay (them.) 

Tiberius promised that he 
would rebuild the theatre of 
Pompey, (which had been) acci- 
dentally consumed by fire, since 
no one of the family was able to 
rebuild it. 



In culex natura telum 
ita formo, ut fodio acu- 
minatus pariter, et sorbco 
Jistulosus sum. 

Limus rana genero 
truncus pes a ; mox aptus 
nato crus do. 

Apamea cum sum, 
multus civitas princeps 
ad ego defero, sumtus 
decerno legatus nimis 
magnus, cum solvo civi- 
tas non sum. 

Pompeius theatrum, 
ignis fortmto haustus, 
Tiberius extruo polli- 
ceor, quod nemo e fami- 
lia restauro svfjicio h . 



.213. 



§ 266, 3. 



GERUNDIVES. 

III. R. 2. Dry wood is a proper 
material for producing fire. 

The spring, as it were, repre- 
sents youth, and exhibits the 
promise of the future fruits ; the 
rest of the time is adapted for 
reaping and gathering the fruits. 

There are some games not 
without their use for sharpening 
the wits of boys. 

Cleanthes drew water, and 



Lignum and us materia 
sum idoneus elicio ignis. 

Ver tanquam adoles- 
centia significo, futurus- 
que fructus ostendo ; reU 
lquus tempus dcmeto 
fructus et pcrcipio ac- 
commodatus sum. 

Sum nonnullus acuo 
puer in gen him non inu- 
tilis lusus. 

Cleanthes aqua haurio ? 



§275. 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDTVES. 



263 



hired out his hands for watering 
a garden. 

It is not in my power, nor is it 
optional with me, not to bestow 
my labors for removing the dan- 
gers of men. 

Wood was brought down from 
mount Lebanon for constructing 
rafts and towers. 

(1.) Iron, when red, is not fit 
for hammering, nor till it begins 
to grow white. 

Coarse paper is not useful for 
writing, but serves for packages 
of goods. 



et rigo hortulus loco ma- 
nus. 

Neque ego licet, neque 
sum integer, ut meus la- 
bor homo periculum sub- 
levo non impertio. 

Materies ex Libanus 
mons, ratis et turris con- 
ficio velw. 

Rubens ferrum non 
sum tundo, nee donee 
excandesco. 

Charta emporetlcus 
non sum scribo, et merx 
involucrum usus prcebeo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

The Transalpine Gauls took possession of a a spot not far 
from thence, for the building 1 of a town, where Aquileia 
now stands. (2.) Within ten years the Roman people both 
created decemvirs for enacting laws, and abolished (them.) 
M. Anton ius, triumvir for the settlement of d the common- 
wealth, brought about 5 the marriage of the daughter of 
Atticus with Vipsanius Agrippa. The sons of Ancus were 
now almost of the age of puberty 7 ; for which reason 5 ' Tar- 
quin was the more urgent' 1 , that comitia should be held 1 , as 
soon as possible, for the election^ of a king. 

a to take possession of, capio. b condo. c abolished, e republica suf- 
fero. d constituo, Jit. for settling. e lit. was the promoter of, (concili- 
ator.) f adj. pubes. s for which reason, eo. h to be urgent, insto. 
* fio. J creo. 



GERUNDS. 



III. R. 3. We are inclined not 
only to learn, but also to teach. 

To think well, and to act right- 
ly, is sufficient for a good and 
happy life. 



Non solum ad disco 
propensus sum, sed etiam 
ad doceo. 

Bene sentio, recteque 
facio, satis sum ad bene 
beateque vivo. 



264 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



§275. 



As the ox was born to plough, 
(and) the dog to track, so man 
was born for two things, to under- 
stand and to act. 

Praise cannot induce you to 
act well. 

Caesar was blamed, because, 
during the performance, he occu- 
pied himself in reading letters and 
memorials, or w r riting answers. 

The marsh hindered the Ro- 
mans in pursuing. 

The character of boys mani- 
fests itself more openly (while) at 
play. 

It is infamous to condemn him 
from whom you have received 
money in consideration of acquit- 
ting (him.) 

Horses, before they are broken, 
display great spirit. 

To teach is not the only prov- 
ince of an orator, but eloquence 
is still more important in regard 
to moving (the feelings.) 



Ut ad aro bos, ad in- 
ddgo canis, sic homo ad 
duo res, ad intclligo et 
ago nascor. 

Tu laus allicio ad recte 
facio non possum. 

Reprehendo Caesar, 
quod inter specto episto- 
la libellusque" lego, aut 
rescribo vaco\ 

Palus Romanus ad 
insequor tardo. 

Mos c puer sui inter 
ludo simpliciter detego. 

Flagitiosus sum, is, a 
qui pecunia ob absolvo 
accipio, condemno. 

Equus ante domo in- 
gens tollo animus. 

Non solus d sum orator" 
doceo, sed plus eloquentia 
circa moveo valeo. 



dat. & § 266, 3. c pi * § 205, R. 7, (2.) e § 211, R. 8, (3.) 



English to be turned into Latin, 



The riper the berry of the olive, the fatter 4 is the juice, 
and the less pleasant^ ; and the best time for gathering" 1 
(is,) when the berry begins* to grow black. It is best that 
those who preside over the republic should resemble the 
laws-'', which are induced^ to punish, not by passion 71 , but 
by justice 1 . Alexander, having taken- 7 the cup, handed k the 
letter to his physician, and, while he drank, fixed 1 his eyes 
upon his countenance as he read™ (it.) 

° § 256,. R. 16, (2.) b gratus. c sntas. d decerpo. * all. absolute, 
§ 257, R. 1. / § 222, R. 2. B duco. h iracundia. * ajquitas. J ac- 
cipio. k trado. ' intendo. m lit. reading, § 274, 3. 



§ 275. 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



265 



GERUNDIVES. 



III. R. 3. (He) who knows 
himself, will be conscious that he 
lias something divine, and will 
understand what means he has 
for acquiring wisdom. 

Pythagoras went to Babylon, 
to iearn the motions of the heaven- 
ly bodies, and the origin of the 
world; thence he directed his 
course to Crete and Lacedoemon, 
to become acquainted with the 
laws of Minos and Lycurgus. 

The eyelids, which are the 
covering of the eyes, very soft 
to the touch, are most skilfully 
formed, both for inclosing the pu- 
pils, lest any thing should fall up- 
on them, and for opening them. 

Man enjoys great advantages 
for gaining and acquiring wis- 
dom. 

Nature has furnished the mind 
of man with senses adapted to the 
perception of things. 

From the caverns of the earth 
we draw forth iron, a substance 
necessary for cultivating the fields. 

The multitude of cattle were 
made partly for eating, partly for 
the cultivation of the fields, part- 
ly for transporting, partly for 
clothing the body. 



Qui sui ipse* nosco, ali- 
quis sentio sui habeo divi- 
nus, intelligoque quantus 
instrumentum habeo ad 
adipiscor sapientia. 

Pythagoras Babylonia 
ad perdisco sidus motus 
origoque mundus pro- 
ficiscor ; inde Creta et 
Lacedasmon, ad cognosco 
Minos et Lycurgus lex 
contendo. 

Palpebra, qui sum teg- 
mentum oculus, mollis 
tactus, apte facio et ad 
claudo pupulus ne quis 
incido, et ad apcrio. 

Homo magnus habeo 
instrumentum adobtineo, 
adipiscorque sapientia. 

Natura animus homo 
sensus orno ad res per-* 
cipio idoncus. 

E terra cavema fer- 
rum elicio, res ad colo 
ager necessarius. 

Multitudo pecus par- 
tim ad vescor b , partim 
ad cultus ager, partim ad 
veho, partim ad corpus 
vestio facio. 



§207,R.2S. *■ § 275, I., R. 2. c pi. 



English to be turned into Latin, 



No one is more unyielding 3 in h granting 6 pardon, than 
(he) who has often'* had occasion 6 to ask for it. If you ap- 
23 



266 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



§275. 



prove both me and Tacitus, you must 7 think* the same of 
Rufus also ; since similarity of character* 1 is the firmest 1 bond 
for forming friendships. 



a difficilis. b ad. c do. d comp. 
cesse est. s sentio, § 2&2, R.4. h mos. l tenax, sup, 



mereo. / you must, ne- 
witk vel. 



GERUNDS. 



III. R. 4. By gradually re- 
ceiving to the rights of citizen- 
ship the Italian allies, who had 
either not taken up arms, or had 
laid them down, the forces of the 
city were more speedily recruited. 

I indeed think that virtue is 
given to men, by instructing and 
persuading (them,) not by threats, 
and violence, and fear. 

Socrates, by questioning and 
interrogating, used to draw forth 
the opinions of those with whom 
he discoursed. 

The laws of Lycurgus train 
youth in labor, by hunting, run- 
ning, being hungry, being thirsty, 
being pinched with cold, and be- 
ing violently heated. 



Paulatim recipio in 
civltas socius ItalTcus 
qui arma aut non capio 
aut depono mature vis 
civltas reficio. 

EquTdem puto virtus 
homo, instituo et per sua- 
deo non minae et vis ac 
metus, trado. 

Socrates percunctor at- 
que interrogo, elicio so- 
leo is opinio quicum dis- 
sero. 

Lycurgus lex erudio ju- 
ventus venor, curro, esu- 
rio, sitioy algeo^ ccstuo. 



English to be turned into Latin. 

By doing a nothing, men learn to do ill. Men do not ap- 
proach nearer to God in any thing, than in giving safety to 
men. Make thy 5 life happy by laying aside all solicitude 
about d it. It is right 6 that (a man) should be both 7 munifi- 
cent in giving, and' not severe 71 in exacting. Anger should 
especially be forbidden 2 in punishing ; for (he) who comes y 
angry to (inflict) punishment, will never observe- 7 ' that medi- 
um 4 which is between too much and too little 2 . That com- 
mander cannot keep an army under control 771 , who does not 
control himself; nor be severe in judging, who does not 



§275. 



GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 



267 



choose" that others should be severe judges towards him. 
There is no evil so great, that I do not think it is impend- 
ing; but I desist, since 7 ' there is often more evil in fearing* 
than in the thing itself which is feared*. In (the depart- 
ment of) philosophy, the high station* of Plato did not deter 
Aristotle from writing; nor did Aristotle, by his admirable" 
knowledge and copiousness, throw a damp upon" the studies 
of others. A good prince, by doing well, teaches his citi- 
zens to do well; and, while' he is greatest in power*, is 
greater by (his) example. 

a ago. h § 211, R. 5, 1. c depono. d pro. e convenit. / quum. 

* turn. h acerbus. * prohibeo, § 274, R. 8. i teneo. k mediocri- 
tas. l too much and too little, nimium et par urn. m to keep under 
control, contineo. n volo. ° § 264. * quum. q metuo. T the 

- thing itself, ipse ille. s timeo. ' high station, amplitudo. u admi- 
rabilis quidam. v to throw a damp upon, restinguo. w quumque. 

* imperium. y fut. 



GERUNDIVES* 



III. R. 4. Virtue is seen most 
of all in despising and rejecting 
pleasure. 

The body must be exercised 
that it may obey the reason, in 
executing business and enduring 
labor. 

It (is) a difficult subject, and 
much and often inquired into, 
whether, in conferring a magis- 
tracy, or enacting a law, or trying 
a culprit, it were better to vote 
secretly or openly. 

Many persons use care in get- 
ting horses, (but) are negligent in 
choosing friends. 



In voluptas sperno ac 
repudio virtus vel magis 
cerno. 

Exerceo corpus ut obe- 
dio ratio possum, in ex- 
sequor negotium et in la- 
bor tolero. 

Difficilis res ac mul- 
tum et ssepe qusesitus, 
sufFragium, in magistra- 
tes mando, aut reus judi- 
co, aut lex scisco, clam an 
pal am fero bene sum. 

Multus in equus paro 
adhibeo cur a, in amicus 
eligo negllgens sum. 



English to be turned into Latin, 

It has been established" by the civil law, that, in the sale 
of b estates , the faults which were known to the seller 



268 



SUPINES. 



§ 276, 



should be mentioned'*. Who does not know that the chief 
power 6 of the orator consists f in exciting 8 men's minds ei* 
ther to anger, or hatred, or grief, or in recalling (them) from 
these' 1 same emotions' to mildness and pity ? The memory 
should be exercised by learning j , word for word*, as many 
as possible', both (of) the writings of others and our own m . 
Elegance in speaking" is improved* by the knowledge of let- 
ters, and is increased by reading orators and poets. 

a sancio. h lit. in selling. c preedium. d dico. e vis. / existo, 
g incite h hicce. * permotio. $ edisco. * ad verbum. ' as 
many as possible, quam plurimus. m noster. n gen. ° expolio. 



SUPINES. 

§ 276 5 I. Supines in urn are followed by the same 
cases as their verbs. 



Philip w r as slain by Pausanias 
at JEg&y near the theatre, as he 
was going to see the games. 

Divitiacus came to the senate 
at Rome to implore assistance. 

Ambassadors came from Rome 
into the camp of the JEqui, to 
complain of injuries, and to de- 
mand a restitution of property, 
according to the treaty. 

Perdiccas had gone to make 
war upon Egypt, in opposition to 
Ptolemy. 

The Veientes send ambassa- 
dors to Rome to sue for peace. 

Hannibal, unconquered, was 
recalled to defend his country. 

II. Many individuals came to 
Cn. Pompey to beg and beseech 



Philippus iEgae a Pau- 
sanias, quum specto Indus 
eo, juxta theatrum occi- 
do. 

Divitiacus Roma" ad 
senatus venio auxilium 
posiulo. 

In castra ^Equi lega- 
tus ab Roma venio que- 
ror injuria?, et ex foedus 
res repeto. 

Perdiccas JEgyptus 
oppugno adversus Ptole- 
moeus proficiscor. 

Veiens b j) ax pet o orator 
Roma raitto. 

Hannibal invictus pa- 
tria defendo revoco. 

Ad Cn. Pompeius mul- 
tus mortalis oro ohsecro* 



§ 276. 



SUPINES. 



263 



that he would not abandon my 
fortunes. 

Fabius Pictor was sent to Del- 
phi to the oracle, to inquire by 
what prayers and punishments 
the Romans might appease the 
gods. 

The Helvetian war being fin- 
ished, the ambassadors of almost 
all Gaul assembled about Caesar 
to offer congratulations. 

The cocks understand the stars, 
and distinguish in the day-time 
the spaces of three hours by their 
note ; they go to roost with the 
sun, and at the fourth military 
watch, recall us to care and 
labor. 

The commanders of the king 
of Persia sent to Athens to com- 
plain that Chabrias was carrying 
on war along with the Egyptians, 
against the king. 



que venio, ne meus fortu- 
na desero. 

Fabius Pictor Delphi 
ad oraculum mitto, scis- 
citor qui prex c supplici- 
umque deus possum pla- 
co Romanus. 

Bellum Helvetius con- 
fectus, totus fere Gallia 
legatus ad Csesar gratu- 
lor convenio. 

Gallus gallinaceus nos- 
co^ sidus, et terni distin- 
guo hora interdiu can- 
tus ; cum sol cumbo co, 
quartusque castrensis vi- 
gilia ad cura laborque 
ego revoco. 

Prcefectus rex Persa* 
legatus mitto Athenae que- 
ror, quod Chabrias ad- 
versum rex bellum gero 
cum ^Egyptius. 



a ace. h § 9. 2d paragraph. c § 94. d perf. § 183, 3, N. e lit. 
of the Persians. 



English to be turned into Latin, 



Not only old inhabitants of Agrigentum a came (to Verres) 
to purchase 1 the senator's place, but also new (ones;) and 
it happened"* that a new one outbid 6 (the old,) and carried 
off 7 the pretor's 5 " letters. The people of Veii*, subdued* 
by (their) unsuccessful battle, send negotiators ; to Rome 
to implore peace. The Saguntines requesting* that, as far 
as they could (do it) safely, they might go to see Italy, guides 
were given them, and letters sent through the towns that 
they should treat* the Spaniards kindly" 1 . Hannibal, uncon- 
quered in Italy, icas recalled to defend his country against 
Publius Scipio, the son of the man" whom he had himself 
routed, first, at the Rhone, a second time at the Po, a third 
time at the Trebia. 
23* 



270 



SUPINES. 



$276. 



a inhabitants of Agrigentum, Agrigentlni. b emo. c senatorius. 

d fio. e pretio vinco. f to carry off, anfero. e lit. from the pretor 

h Veientes. * subactus. / orator. * peto. l accipio. m comi- 
ter. n lit. of him. ° iterum. 



The sentence, " They come to see the games*/' may be expressed 
in either of the following modes, viz. 

II. R. 4. Veniunt spectaium ludos. §276, II. 
Veniunt ad spectandum Judos. \ * 9 q_ yjy ^> o 

Veniunt ad spectandos ludos. P^ ' 

Veniunt spectandi ludos * 

xr • , j- i j- f causa or gratia. 

Veniunt spectandorum ludorum > * - .~ c ttt n -t 

Veniunt spectandi ludorum ) y y 

Veniunt ut ludos spectent. § 262. 

Veniunt qui ludos spectent. §264, 5. 

Veniunt ludos spectaturi. § 274, R. 6. 

Veniunt ludos spectare. § 271, 3d paragraph, 2d clause. 



The following sentences may be varied in the same manner : — 



I came hither to extricate thee 
from thy difficulties. 

Then Romulus, by the advice 
of the fathers, sent ambassadors 
to the neighboring states to solicit 
(their) friendship. 

Caesar withdrew his forces to 
the next hill, and sent his caval- 
ry to sustain the attack of the 
enemies. 

He sent prefects and tribunes 
of the soldiers into the neigh- 
boring states, for the purpose of 
demanding provisions. 

Darius, king of the Persians, 
sends Megabyzus with a part of 
his forces to conquer Thrace. 

Caesar hastened to exhort his 
soldiers. 



Hue venio tu ex diffr- 
cultas eripio a . 

Turn, ex consilium pa- 
ter, Romulus legatus cir- 
ca viclnus gens mitto ? 
qui societas peto. 

Copia suus Caesar in 
proximus collis subduco; 
equitatusque qui sustinca 
hostis impetus mitto. 

Is praefectus tribunus- 
que miles in fmitimus 
civitas, frumentum peto h 
causa di mitto. 

Darius, rex Persa, mit- 
to cum pars copia Mega- 
byzus ad subigo h Thra- 
cia. 

Caesar ad cohortor 1 mi- 
les decurro. 



, 274, R. 6. * § 275, IL, & III. R. 1. 



§ 276. supines. 271 

English to be turned into Latin. 

He flecT to the temple to implore 0, the assistance of the 
gods'*, and to consult 6 the oracle. He went to the river to 
ivash away a the blood. They came to attack? the camp. I 
excluded those whom you had sent to salute f me in the 
morning. Hippias had been lately sent by the king to 
defend 1 the forest s . 

°§274, R. 6. h §275, II., & III. R. I. c confugio. * § 231. 

c § 273. / § 270, II. «■ saltus. 

III. The more brief a narra- Quo brevis eo dilucT- 

tive (is,) the more perspicuous dus et cognosco facilis 

and easy to be understood will it narratio flo. 
become. 

It is difficult to express, how Difficilis dico sum, 

much courtesy and affability of quantopere concilio anT- 

conversation win the minds of mus homo comitas afFa- 

men. bilitasque sermo. 

Wickedness quickly steals (up- Cito nequitia subrepo ; 
on us;) virtue is difficult to be virtus difficilis invenio 
found, and needs a ruler and sum, rector duxque de- 
guide, sidero. 

What is so pleasant to know Quis sum tarn jucun- 

and hear, as a discourse adorned dus cognosco atque audio, 

with wise sentiments and weighty quam sapiens sententia, 

words ? gravisque verbum orna- 

tus oratio 2 

English to be turned into Latin. 

Hannibal, incredible to relate 0, y in two days* and two 
niphts, reached Adrumetum, which is distant from Zama 
about three hundred miles. The human mind can be com- 
pared with no other than'* with God himself, if this is proper* 
to be said. To what purpose-^ (do I say) so many^ things 
respecting Maximus? that you may see it would be wrong h 
to say, such an old age was miserable. 

a dico. b biduum. c pervenio. d nisi. e fas. f to what pur- 
vose, quorsum. s so many ; lit. these so many. h nefas. 



272 



ADVERBS. 



§277. 



ADVERBS. 



<§> 277. Adverbs modify or limit the meaning of 
verbs, adjectives, and sometimes of other adverbs. 



They certainly err greatly, if 
they indulge the hope that my 
former lenity will continue for- 
ever. 

Whom do I honor ? Truly 
those who are themselves an or- 
nament to the state. 

Snows do not fall upon the 
deep sea. 

The minds of soldiers are 
pleased wilh praises not less than 
with rewards. 

I plainly perceive that we are 
not loved by our youth. 

The hill was held by the Gauls 
with a garrison not very strong. 

At no previous time did such 
consternation take possession of 
the senate. 

R. 1. Julius Caesar married 
Cornelia, the daughter of Cinua, 
(who was) a fourth time consul. 

Juno had heard that from 
hence a nation ruling far and 
w T ide, and proud in war, would 
come for the destruction of 
Libya. 

R. 3. Vibius is an absurd po- 
et ; but still he is not wholly ig- 
norant, nor useless. 

Agesilaus was diminutive in 
person, and lame in one foot; 
which circumstance also occa- 
sioned some deformity. 



Ncb ille veJiemejitcr cr- 
ro, si ille meus pristmus 
lemtas perpetuus spero 
sum. 

Qui ego or no ? nempe 
is, qui ipse sum orna- 
mentum res publicus. 

Nix in altus mare non 
cado. 

Laus hand minus quam 
praemium* gaudeo miles 
animus. 

A noster juvenis ego 
non amo plane intelligo. 

Collis presidium a Gal- 
lus non nimis firmus te- 
neo. 

Non unquam alias ante 
tantus terror senatus i?i- 
vddo. 

Julius Caosar Cornelia, 
Cinna quater consid filia, 
duco uxor. 

Juno audio, hinc pop- 
ulus, late rex, bellumque 
superbus, venio excidium 
Libya. 

Vibius sum poeta in- 
eptus ; nee tamen scio 
nihil, et sum non inutilis. 

Agesilaus sum corpus 
exiguus et claudus alter 
pes ; qui res etiam non- 
nullus aftero deformitas. 



§ 277. 



adverbs. 



273 



The people are wont sometimes 
to neglect worthy (men.) 

R. 4. Every one perceives an 
open flatterer. 

R, 5. Epicrates owed no money 
to any one. 

Our coming occasioned not the 
least expense to any one. 

I never offended Scipio, not 
even in the smallest particular. 

No one is satisfied. 

R. 6. In the consulship of 
Piso, not only was it not permit- 
ted to the senate to aid the state, 
but not even to mourn for it. 

Not only was there no place in 
my camp for any traitor, but not 
even for a deserter. 



Popijlus soleo non nun- 
quam dignus praetereo. 

Aperte adiilans nemo 
non video. 

Epicrates debeo nullus 
nummus nemo, 

Adventus noster nemo 
ne parvus quidem sum 
sumtus 6 . 

Nunquam Scipio ne 
parvus quidem res of- 
fendo. 

Nemo nihil satis sum. 

Piso consul senatus 
non solum juvo res publi- 
cus, sed ne lugeo quidem 
licet. 

Non raodb proditor, sed 
ne perfuga quidem locus 
in meus castra quisquam 
sum. 



i 227. 



English to be turned into Latin. 



Cato calls pleasure the bait of crimes , plainly* because 
men are taken by it as fish by the hook. Polybius, an 
authority by no means to be contemned", relates that king 
Syphax was led in triumph. No one was ever so afflicted, 
as I d . I am not unaware 6 that there is utility in history, and 
not pleasure alone. I am not ignorant f how fickle are the 
minds of men. Conon often opposed" the designs of Agesi- 
laus, and h it was evident, that, but for him*, Agesilaus would 
have possessed 7 ' Asia as far as to fr the Taurus. The Atheni- 
ans thought 2 (there was) nothing (which) Alcibiades could 
not effect. Old men are not only {not) compelled to do 
what they cannot, but not even as much as they are able. 



a malum. h videlicet, c sperno. d lit. I am so afflicted, fyc. 

f to he ignorant, ignoro. s obsto. h tico negatives. * but 

) eripio. * as far as lo, terms. l duco. 



e mscius 

for him } si ille non fuisset. 



274 



CONJUNCTIONS. 



§278. 



CONJUNCTIONS. 



§ 278. Copulative and disjunctive conjunctions, 
and some others, connect words which are in the same 
construction. 



God alone can be the maker 
and governor of heaven and 
earth. 

In battle swift death comes or 
joyful victory. 

We have need to pray, that 
there may be a sound mind in a 
sound body. 

You will be a king, if you do 
right. 

Men are more prone to pleas- 
ure, than to virtue. 

Virtue can never be taken 
away; it is lost neither by ship- 
wreck nor fire. 

Hold out, and preserve your- 
selves for prosperous affairs. 

R. 2. This is my real native 
country, and (that) of my brother 
here. 

R. 6. There are four elements, 
fire, air, earth, (and) water. 

R. 7. To admonish and to be 
admonished, is the part of true 
friendship. 

A wise man remembers past 
(favors) with gratitude, and so 
enjoys the present as to observe 
how great and how pleasant they 
are. 

The Veneti have very many 
ships, and they surpass others in 
experience in naval affairs. 



Deus solus possum sum 
architectus ct rector coe- 
lum et terra. 

In praelium citus mors 
venio, aut victoria Isetus. 

Orandum sum, ut sum 
mens sanus in corpus 
sanus. 

Rex sum, si recte 
facio. 

Homo pronus sum ad 
voluptas, quctm ad virtus. 

Virtus eripio nunquam 
possum ; neque naufra- 
gium, neque incendium 
amitto. 

Duro, et tumet res ser- 
vo secundus. 

Hie sum mens, et hie 
frater meus germanus 
patria. 

Quatuor sum elemen- 
tum, ignis, aer, terra, 
aqua. 

Ut moneo et moneo, 
proprius sum verus ami- 
citia. 

Sapiens et praeteritus 
grate memini et praesens 
ita potior, ut animad- 
verto, quantus sum is, 
quamque jucundus. 

Et navis habeo multus 
Veneti et usus nauticus 
res rellquus antecedo. 



§279, 



ARRANGEMENT. 



275 



ARRANGEMENT, 



<§> 279. In a Latin sentence, after connectives, are 
placed, first the subject and its modifiers ; then the 
oblique cases, and other words which depend upon or 
modify the verb ; and last of all the verb. 



2. C. Asinius Pollio salutes Ci- 
cero. 

True glory rests upon virtue. 

All virtue consists in action. 

To be free from fault is a very 
great consolation. 

A civil war is most pernicious. 

Nothing can be done in this 
world without God. 

Keep in mind your promises. 

The earth revolves around the 
sun. 

A learned man has (his) riches 
always in himself. 

3. It has been said then by the 
most learned men, that no one is 
free except the wise man. For 
what is liberty? The power of 
living as you choose. 

Brutus perceived that an attack 
was made upon him. He there- 
fore offered himself eagerly to the 
contest. 

Will you then, judges, spare 
this man, whose crimes are so 
great ? 

Aristotle indeed remarks, that 
all talented men are melancholic. 

I do not suppose a knowledge 



C. Asinius Pollio Cice- 
ro" salus dico. 

Verus decus in virtus 
pono & . 

Omnis virtus in actio 
consisto. 

Vaco culpa magnus 
sum solatium. 

Civilis bellum pernici- 
osus sum. 

Nihil in hie mundus 
facio sine Deus possum. 

Promissum tuus memo- 
ria teneo c . 

Terra circum sol 
Volvo**. 

Homo doctus in sui 
semper divitiae habeo. 

Dico igitur ab erudi- 
tus vir, nisi sapiens, liber 
sum nemo. Quis sum 
enim libertas? Potestas 
vivo, ut volo. 

Sentio in sui eo e Bru- 
tus. Avide itaque sui 
certamen offero. 

Hie homo parco igitur, 
judex, qui tantus pecca- 
tum sum? 

Aristoteles quidem aio, 
omnis ingeniosus melan- 
cholicus sum. 

Ego ne utilis quidem 



276 



ARRANGEMENT. 



§279. 



of future events to be even useful 
to us. 

Iphicrates was such a general, 
that no one even of the ancients 
can be preferred to him. 

4. Each to each is dear. 

New names must be applied to 
new things. 

Different things appear best to 
different persons. 

10. Codrus died for his coun- 
try. 

A fool knows not (how) to keep 
silence. 

Miltiades conquered the Per- 
sians in the battle of Marathon. 

As the shadow follows the 
body, so glory (follows) virtue. 

Deeds are more difficult than 
words. 

The recollection of past trouble 
is pleasant. 

11. Can the fish love the fisher- 
man ? 

Poets wish either to profit or 
please. 

The hour, which has past, can- 
not return. 

No one ought to be called 
happy before (his) death. 

13. (That) man is ungrateful, 
who does not return a favor. 

He is a citizen who loves his 
country. 



arbitror sum ego futurus 
res scientia. 

Iphicrates sum talis 
dux, ut ne de major natu 
quidem is quisquam ante- 
pono. 

Uterque uterque sum 
cor 7 . 

Impono novus novus 
nomen. 

Alius 5 alius videor bo- 
nus. 

Codrus pro patria mo- 
rior. 

Stultus non nosco si- 
lentium servo. 

Miltiades Persce vinco 
in pugna Marathonius. 

Ut umbra corpus se- 
quor, sic virtus gloria. 

Sum factum verhum 
dijjicilis. 

Suavis sum labor prae- 
teritus memoria. 

An piscator piscis amo 
possum ? 

Aut prosum volo, aut 
delecto, poeta. 

Non,quiprsetereo, hora 
redeo possum. 

Dico beatus ante obi- 
tus nemo debeo. 

Ingratus sum homo, qui 
non beneficium reddo. 

Civis sum is, qui patria 
suus diligo. 



a dat. 
f § 227. 



6 perf. pass. 
s sing. 



§ 2G0, R. 6. d pass. e perf. inf. pass. 



PROSODY. 



HEXAMETER VERSE. 

§310. A- hexameter, or heroic verse, consists of six feet 
Of these, the fifth is a dactyl, the sixth a spondee, and each of the 
other four either a dactyl or a spondee. 

The lines in the first four of the following exercises are already 
divided into feet, so that the scanning of them will be completed by 
marking, and proving the quantity of their syllables by the rules of 
prosody : the other lines must be divided, as well as marked and 
proved. 

1. Aurea | prima sa|to est a? |tas, quae, | vindice | nullo, 
Sponte su|a, sine | lege fi|dem rec|tumque co|lebat. 

2. Poena me [tusque abe| rant; nee | verba mi |nacia | fixo 
iEre lejgeban|tur ; nee | supplex | turba ti|mebant 

3. Judicis | ora su|i ; sed elrant sine | vindice | tuti. 
Nondum | caesa su|is, pere|grin^m ut | viseret | orbem, 

4. Montibus, | in liqui|das pi|nus de|scenderat | undas : 
Nullaque | mortajles praejter sua | litora norant. 

5. Nondum praecipltes cingebant oppida fosses ; 
Non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi, 

6. Non galeae, non ensis erant ; sine militis usu, 
Mollia securae peragebant otia gentes. 

7. Ipsa quoque immunis, rastroque intacta, nee ullis 
Saucia vomeribus, per se dabat omnia tellus : 

8. Contentique cibis, nullo cogente, creatis, 
Arbuteos foetus montanaque fraga legebant, 

9. Cornaque, et in duris haerentia mora rubetis, 
Et, quae deciderant patula Jovis arbore, glandes. 

10. Ver erat aeternum ; placidique tepentibus auris 
Mulcebant Zephyri natos sine semine flores. 

24 



278 PROSODY PENTAMETER VERSE. §311. 

11. Mox etiam fruges tell us inarata ferebat ; 
Nee renovatus ager gravidis canebat aristis. 

12. Flumina jam lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant; 
Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella. 

13. Postquam, Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso, 
Sub Jove mundus erat, subiit argentea proles, 
Auro deterior, fulvo pretiosior cere. 

14. Jupiter antiqui contraxit tempora veris, 

Perque hyemes, aestusque, et insequales autumnos, 
Et breve ver, spatiis exegit quatuor annum. 

15. Turn primum siccis, aer, fervoribus ustus, 
Canduit; et ventis glacies astricta pependit. 
Turn primum subiere domos ; dornus antra fuerunt, 

16. Et densi frutices, et vinctas cortice virgse. 
Semina turn primum longis Cerealia sulcis 
Obruta sunt, pressique jugo gemuere juvenci. 



PENTAMETER VERSE. 

§811. A pentameter verse consists of five feet. It is gene- 
rally, however, divided, in scanning, into two hemistichs, the first 
consisting of two feet, either dactyls or spondees, followed by a 
long syllable ; the last of two dactyls, also followed by a long 
syllable. 

The following poem consists of alternate hexameter and pentameter 
lines, forming what is called elegiac verse. 

Ariadne Theseo. 

1. Quce legis ex illo, Theseu, tibi litore mitto, 

Unde tuam sine me vela tulere ratem. 

2. Tempus erat, vitrea quo primum terra pruina 

Spargitur, et tectce fronde queruntur aves. 

3. Luna fuit : specto si quid nisi litora cernam; 

Quod videant, oculi nil nisi litus habent. 

4. Nunc hue, nunc illuc, et utroque sine ordine curro; 

Alta puellares tardat arena pedes. 
Mons fuit ; apparent frutices in vertice rari ; 
Hinc scopulus raucis pendet adesus aquis 

5. Ascendo; vires animus dabat ; atque ita late 

./Equora prospectu metior alta meo. 
Inde ego, nam ventis quoque sum crudelibus usa, 
Vidi praecipiti carbasa tenta Noto. 



§31L 



PROSODY PENTAMETER VERSE. 279 



6. " Quo fugis ? " exclarno, " scelerate, revertere, Theseu : 

Flecte ratem ; numerum non habet ilia suura." 
Hssc ego ; quod voci deerat, plangore replebam : 
Verbera cum verbis mista fuere meis. 

7. Quid faciam ? quo sola ferar ? vacat insula cultu : 

Non hominum video, non ego facta bourn. 
Orane latus terra? cingit mare. Navita nusquam ; 
Nulla per ambiguas puppis itura vias. 

8. Occurrunt animo pereundi mille figurse ; 

Morsque minus poena?, quam mora mortis habet. 
Jam, jam venturos aut hac, aut suspicor iliac, 
Qui lanient avido viscera dente, lupos : 

9. Forsitan et fulvos tellus alat ista leones ; 

Quis scit an ha?c saevas tigridas insula habet ? 
Et freta dicuntur magnas expellere phocas. 
Quid vetat et gladios per latus ire meum ? 

10. Si mare, si terras, pcrrectaque litora vidi, 

Multa mihi terra?, multa minantur aqua?. 
Ccelum restabat : timeo simulacra deorum. 
Destituor rapidis pra?da cibusque feris. 

11. Ergo ego nee lacrymas matris moritura videbo ? 

Nee, mea qui digitis lumina condat, erit? 
Spiritus infelix peregrinas ibit in auras ? 
Nee positos artus unget arnica manus ? 

12. Ossa superstabunt volucres inhumata marina? ? 

Hsec sunt officiis digna sepulcra meis ? 

Ibis Cecropios portus ; patriilque receptus 

Cum steteris urbis celsus in arce tuae, 

13. Et bene narraris letum taurique virique, 

Sectaque per dubias saxea tecta vias. 
Me quoque narrato sola tellure relictam. 

Non ego sum titulis surripienda tuis. 
Nee pater est iEgeus ; nee tu Pittheidos iEthrae 

Filius : auctores saxa fretumque tui. 

14. Di facerent, ut me summa de puppe videres ! 

Movisset vultus mossta figura tuos. 
Nunc quoque non oculis, sed, qua potes, aspice mente 

Hserentem scopulo, quern vaga pulsat aqua. 
Aspice demissos lugentis in ore capillos \ 

Et tunicas lacrymis, sicut ab imbre, graves. 

15. Corpus, ut impulsa? segetes Aquilonibus, horret ; 

Literaque articulo pressa tremente labat. 
Non te per meritum, quoniam male cessit, adoro; 

Debita sit facto gratia nulla meo ; 
Sed nee posna quidem ; si non ego causa salutis, 

Non tamen est, cur sis tu mihi causa necis. 



280 PROSODY C^SURA. §309. 

16. Has tibi, plangendo lugubria pectora lassas, 

Infelix tendo trans freta longa manus. 
Hos tibi, qui superant, ostendo moesta capillos. 

Per lacrymas oro, quas tua facta movent, 
Flecte ratem, Theseu, versoque relabere velo. 

Si priiis occidero, tu tamen ossa leges, 



CJESURA. 

§ 309. Caesura is the separation, by the ending of a word, of 
syllables rhythmically or metrically connected. 

The following exercises consist of lines serving to illustrate the 
different kinds of cssura. These may be formed into hexameter or 
pentameter verses by changing the position of one word in each 
line. The places in which each kind of caesura occurs are to be 
marked. 

1. Ipse dei clypeus terra cum imd tollitur, 
Mane rubet ; rubet terra que, cum conditur ima. 

2. En, proles antiqua redit; virtus, concordia, 
Cumque fide pietas cervice altd vagantur. 

3. Robora nee cuneis, olentem scindere et cedrum ? 
Nee plaustris cessant vectare ornos gementibus. 

4. Sponte juvenco tuus florebit ager cessante ; 
Oblatas mirabitur incola ditior messes. 

5. Non propter vitam quidam faciunt patrimonia, 
Vitio caeci, sed propter patrimonia vivunt. 

6. Sol fugit, et removent subeuntia ccelum nubila, 

Et effusis, gravis decidit imber, aquis. 

7. Quod si quis monitis aures tardas adverterit, 

Heu, referet quanto mea verba dolore ! 

8. Arte laboratas puppes vincuntur ab a3quore. 

Tu tua brachia plus remis posse putes ? 

9. Casta placent superis ; venite pura cum veste, 

Et manibus puris sumite aquam fontis. 

10. Corpora sive flamma rogus, seu tabe vetustas 
Abstulerit, posse pati non ulla mala putetis. 

11. Multa dies, variusque mutabilis sevi labor, 
In melius retulit, rnultos alterna revisens 
Lusit, et in solido fortuna rursus locavit, 



i309. PROSODY CAESURA. 281 

12. Alternis idem cessare tonsas novales, 

Et paticre segnem situ durescere campum ; 
Aut ibi flava, mutato sidere, seres farra. 

13. Lucus erat nunquam violatus ab longo eevo, 
Obscurum ai ; ra cingens connexis ramis, 

Et gelidas umbras, alte summotis solibus. 

14. Interea colat pax arva ; pax Candida primum 

Duxit sub juga curva araturos boves. 
Nitent pace bidens vomerque ; at tristia duri 
Militis situs in tenebris occupat anna. 

15. Non domus et fundus, non acervus seris et auri 
Deduxit segroto domini corpore febres, 

Non animo curas. Oportet valeat possessor, 
Si uti comportatis rebus bene cogitat. 

16. Hie sedes augusta dese, colendi templique 
Silex religiosa, densis quam pinus obumbrat 
Frondibus, et procelhi nulla lucos agitante, 
Rami stridula coniferi modulantur carmina. 



The lines in the exercises which follow may also be formed into 
verses by changing the arrangement of the words. The words print- 
ed in Italics are compound words, which must be divided, and, 
in one instance, a part is to be placed at the beginning of the 
next line. 



1. Ego non falsa loquar : ter acutum ensem sustulit, 

Ter recidit manus male sublato ense. 

2. Sed timor obstitit et pietas ausis crudelibus, 

Castaque dextra refugit mandatum opus. 

3. Cor pavet admonitu noctis sanguine temeratse, 

Et subitus tremor prsepedit ossa dextros. 

4. Postque tacitus venit, circumdatus fuscis alis, 

Somnus, et vana somnia incerto pede. 

5. Aures vacent lite, insanaque protinus absint 

Jurgia : livida lingua, differ tuum opus. 

6. Navita non moritur fluctu, non miles cuspide : 
Oppida, immunia funerei lethi, pollent. 

7. Iliados cantabitur conditor, atque Maronis 
Altisoni carmina, facientia palmam dubiam. 

8. Quacunque se medio agmine virgo furens tulit, 
HAc Aruns subit, et tacitus lustrat vestigia. 

24 * 



282 PROSODY CAESURA. §309. 

9. Tunc genitum Maia. qui reportet fervida dicta, 
Imperat acciri. Cylenius ales astitit, 
Quatiens somniferam virgam, tectusque galero. 

10. Atlantiades paret dictis genitoris, et inde 
Summa pedum propere illigat plantaribus alis, 
Obnubitque comas, et galero astra temperat. 

11. Principio, mirantur non reddere mare majus, 
Naturam, quo sit aquarum tantus decursas, 
Quo veniant omnia flumina ex omni parte. 

12. Jamque, surgens per confinia emeriti Phcebi, 
Titanis, late subvecta silenti mundo, 
Tenuaverat gelidum aera rorifera biga. 

13. Tale tuum carmen nobis, poeta divine, 

Quale fessis in gramme sopor ; quale per aestum 
Restinguere sitim saliente rivo dulcis aqua?. 

14. Ut sylvas mutantur fcliis in pronos annos, 
Prima cadunt ; ita vetus 3etas verborum interit, 
Et modo nata fiorent vigentque ritu juvenum. 

15. Hie radiant flores, et viva voluptas prati, 
Variata suo ingenio ; illic fulgentibus 

Toris strata surgunt; hie mollis herba panditur, 
Non abruptura soporem solicitum curis. 

16. Quod caret alterna requie, non est durabile. 

Hasc reparat vires, novat fessaque membra. 
Arcus et arma tuae Dianas sunt imitanda tibi ; 
Si tendere nunquam cesses, erit mollis. 

17. ^Equoress aquay miscentur; ssther caret ignibus, 
Cascaque nox tenebris hyemisque suisque premitur. 
Tamen discutiunt has, praebentque lumen micantia. 
Fulmina : undas ardescunt fulmineis ignibus. 

18. Movit et eoos recessus fama bellorum, 
Qua Ganges colitur, qui solus in toto orbe 
Solvere ostia contraria nascenti Phcebo, 
Audet et impellit fluctus in adversum Eurum. 

19. Hie purpureum ver ; hie circumfundit flumina varios 

humus flores ; hie Candida populus antro 

Imminet; et lentae vites texunt umbracula. 

Hue ades : sine insani fluctus feriant litora. 

20. Dixerat: ille pennas madidantes novo nectare 
Concutit, et maritat glebas fcecundo rore. 

Qua que volat, vernus color sequitur ; in herbas omnis 
Turget humus, medioque patent sereno convexa. 



§ 305. PROSODY SYNALiEPIIA AND ECTHLIPSIS. 283 



SYNAL^PHA AND ECTHLIPSIS. 

§ 805 5 1. A final vowel or diphthong is cut off in scanning, 
when the following word begins with a vowel. This is called 
synalsepha. 

2. Final m, with the preceding vowel, is cut off, when the fol- 
lowing word begins with a vowel. This is called ecthlipsis. 



The exercises which follow are designed to exemplify the obser- 
vations on caesura, as well as the remarks in § 305 and § 306. The 
introduction of syhalsepha or ecthlipsis will not therefore be sufficient 
to form them into verses, without a change in the position of the 
words. The sentences in English are intended to be translated into 
Latin verse, by an application of the rules of syntax, as well as of 
prosody, to the corresponding words in Latin, which follow them : 
in these exercises a ehange in the arrangement of the words is not 
necessary. 

1. Nempe sylva inter varias nutritur columnas, 
Laudaturque domus, quae prospicit longos agros. 

2. Vivite felices, et vivite memores nostri, 

Sive erimus, seu fata volent nos fuisse. 

3. Non pigeat agnamve foetumve capelloe sinu, 

Oblita matre deseitum, referre domum. 

4. Regumque ducumque res gestae, et tristia bella, 
Homerus monstravit quo numero possent scribi. 

5. Addictus jurare in verba nullius magistri, 
Deferor hospes, quocunque tempestas rapit me. 

6 Post ver, robustior annus transit in sestatem, 

Fitque valens juvenis : enim neque robustior sstas 
Ulla nee uberior, nee ulla est, quse magis aestuet. 

7. At nisi pectus purgatum est, quae prselia nobis ! 
Turn scindunt hominem cupidinis quanta^ acres 
Curee solicitum 1 quantique timores perinde ! 

8. Poma quoque, ut primum sensere valentes truncos, 
Et habuere suas vires, raptim ad sidera 
Nituntur propria vi, haud indiga nostrae opisque. 

9. Heec loca certe deserta et taciturna querenti, 

Et aura Zephyri possidet vacuum nemus. 



284 PROSODY SYNALiEPHA AND ECTHLIPSIS. §305. 

Hie licet impune proferre occultos dolores, 
Si modo saxa sola queant tenere fidem. 

10. Nee inclementia rigidi cceli conterret eum, 

Nee frigida vis Bcreae, minae hyemisque. 
Statim axe verso, quin exit protinus in auras, 
Ut ferat lseta nuncia instantis veris. 

11. Dissensuque rumor alitur; ceu murmurat alti 
Pelagi impacata quies, cum. fracto flamine, 
Adhuc durat ssevitque tumor, per dubiumque sestum 
Lassa vestigia recedentis venti fluitant. 

12. Aut si fata movent, paratur orbi generique 
Humano lues matura; dehiscent terrsene, 
Subsidentque urbes ? an fervidus aer toilet temperiem? 
infida tellus negabit segetes ? 

13. Utque, viribus sumtis in cursu, solent ire 
Pectore in anna praetentaque tela feri leones ; 
Sic ubi unda admiserat se ventis coortis, 

In arma ratis ibat, erat multoque altior illis. 

14. Tune potes audire murmura vesani ponti fortis ? 

et potes jacere in dura nave ? 

Tu fulcire positas pruinas teneris pedibus ? 
Tu, Cynthia, potes ferre insolitas nives ? 

15. dual is ubi Boreas erupit ab Arctois antris, 
Perverrens aerios campos rapido turbine, 

It ferus ccelo, et insequitur piceas nubes toto sethere, 
dant victa locum et cedunt cava nubila. 

16. Sunt dulces herbee; sunt, quae mitescere flamma 
Mollirique queant : nee lacteus humor eripitur vobis, 
nee mella redolentia florem thymi. 

Prodiga tellus suggerit divitias alimentaque mitia ; 
atque prsebet epulas sine csede et sanguine. 

17. And now ambassadors came from the city of Latinus, Crowned 
with branches of olive, and supplicating favor. 

Jamque orator adsum ex urbs Latinus, 
Velatus ramus olea, veniaque rogans. 



18. Scarcely had the next rising day fringed the tops of the moun- 
tains with light, When first from the deep ocean the horses of the 
sun raise themselves, And breathe forth the light of day from their 
panting notrils. 

Posterus vix summus spargfo lumen mons 
Ortus dies, cum primiim altus sui gurges tollo 
Sol equus, luxque elatus naris efflo. 



$ 306, PttOSOBY — SYNDESIS, SYNCOPE; &C. 2S5 

SYNiERESIS, SYNCOPE, AND APOCOPE. 

§ 306. Two vowels which are usually separated, are some- 
times contracted into one syllable. This is called synseresis. 

§ 3£5£ 5 4. Syncope is the omission of a letter or syllable in 
the middle of a word. 

7. Apocope is the omission of the final letter or syllable of a 
word. 

The contraction of one word, at least, in each of the following exer- 
cises is necessary, in order to form them into verses. The exercises, 
which are not translated, require a change in the position of the words, 
but in the English exercises this alteration of the arrangement will not 
be found necessary. 

1. Rure levis apis ingerit rlores verno alveo^ 

Ut sedula compleat favos dulci melle. 

2. Praetereo sapiens argentea : periciilum tolle^ 
Jam vaga natura prosiliet frsenis remotis. 

3. Super qua? ipse jacens, more hirsuti leonis, 
Visceraque, et carnes, ossa oblisisque medullis, 
Semianimesque artus, condebat in avidam alvum* 

4. Agros purgamus, agrestes purgamus, dii patrii; 

Vos pellite mala de nostris liinitibus. 
Neu seges herbis fallacious eludat messem; 
Neu segnior agna timeat celeres lupos, 

5. Cum conditor urbis digereret tempora, in anno 

Suo constituit bis quinque menses esse. 
Romule, scilicet no^eras anna magis quam sidera; 
Curaque major erat vincere finitimos. 

6. Caprificus findit marmora Messalae, et audax 

Mulio ridet dimidios eqiios Crispi. 
At nee furta nocent chartis, et prosunt sseeula, 
Solaque hasc monumenta non noverunt mori, 

7. Perpetuoque comans oliva jam deflorescit ; 

Et perosa diva fugit oBrisonam tubam : 
Io fugit terris, et jam virgo non ultima 
Creditur justa volavisse ad superas domos. 

8. Tu mihi, currenti ad Candida praescripta supremse callis, 
spatium preemonstra, Calliope, callida musa, 

requies hominum, divorumque voluptas ; 

Ut capiam, te duce, coronam cum insigni laude. 

9. Hie saucius pectus gravi vulnere venantium r 

Turn demum arma movet leo ; gaudetque comantes 



286 PROSODY SYNJERESIS, SYNCOPE, &,C. § ^22. 

Toros cervice excutiens, latronis fixumque 
Telum irapavidus frangit, et ore cruento fremit. 

10. Then was life sweet to me ; nor had I any knowledge of cruel 
Arms, nor heard with a trembling heart the trumpet's sound. 

Tunc ego vita foret dulcis ; nee tristis novissem 
Arma, nee audivissem cor micans tuba. 

11. Forcible, and perspicuous, and very much resembling a limpid 
stream, He will pour out his treasures and enrich Latium with a copi- 
ous language. 

VeAemens, et liquidus, purusque simillimus amnis, 
Fundo opes, Latiumque beo dives lingua. 

12. Why is any man in want, who has not deserved poverty, while 
you are rich ? Why are the ancient temples of the gods falling to 
ruins? Why, O wicked man, Do you not, for your dear country, take 
something from so great a hoard ? 

Cur egeo indignus quisquam, te divite ? Quare 
Templum ruo antiquus deus ? Cur, improbus, carus 
Non aliquis patria tantus emetior acervus ? 

13. Then Mercury took in his hand the wand, by which he had 
been accustomed to chase away sweet Dreams, arid to bring them 
back again; by which he had been wont to enter the gloomy Regions 
of the dead, and again to animate lifeless shades. 

Turn dextra virga insero, qui pello dulcis 
Aut suadeo iterum soinnus, qui niger subeo 
Tartara, et exanguis animo assuesco umbra. 

14. The Zephyrs had heard the voice and the sighs of the complain- 
ing shepherd, And the winds sighed with him in mournful sounds: 
The river had heard him, and an echoing murmur to his murmurs 
The water returned, and a complaint to hiscomplaints. 

Audio Zephyrus vox gemitusque dolens, 

Et mcestus ventus congemo sonus : 
Audio rivus, resonusque ad murmur murmur, __ 

Et questus ad questus, ingemino aqua. 

15. Streams of silver flow over the verdant plains ; The sand, richer 
than Hesperian Tagus, appears as gold. Through the odoriferous 
riches the gentle air of the Zephyr breathes, A dewy air, springing up 
among innumerable roses. 

Flumen vernans lambo argenteus campus; 

Ditior Hesperius, flaveo arena, Tagus. 
Serpo odoriferus per opes levis aura Favonius, 

Aura, sub innumerus, humidus, natus rosa. 

16. Then the poet, rejoicing in the prosperous state of his country, 
Sought again the harmonious strings of his neglected lyre ; And 
having attuned with a slender quill its idle strings, He swept the 
renowned instrument of ivory with a joyful hand. 



§ 306. PROSODY DIURESIS, EPENTHESIS, &C. 287 

Turn, patria festus lastatus tempus, vates 

Desuetus repeto filum canoras lyra ; 
Et, reses lenis modulatus pec ten nervus 

Pollex festivus nobilis duco ebur. 

17. Have you seen (surely you often see) that the drooping lilies 
wither. Which a shower of rain beats down? Thus did she waste 
away with a slow disease, thus did she grow pale, Her last day now 
drawing near its end. 

Videone (quin sa?pe video) ut languidus marceo 

Lilium, qui prsegravo imber aqua ? 
Lentus sic pereo tabum, sic palleo ille, 

Ad finis extremus jam properans dies. 

18. The ship, weighed down by the slaughter of the men, and 
filled with much blood, Receives frequent blows on its curved side : 
But after it let in the sea at its leaking joints, Filled to its highest 
parts, it sunk in the waves. 

Strages vir cumulatus ratis, multusque cruor 
Plenus, per obliquus creber latus accipio ictus • 
At postquam ruptus pelagus compages haurio, 
Ad summus repletus forus, descendo in unda. 

19. He admires at a distance the arms and empty chariots of heroes. 
Their spears stand fixed in the ground, and at liberty in different places 
Through the plains their horses feed : that care of their chariots And 
of their arms, which they had when alive, that care their shining 
Horses to train up, the same follows them, though interred in the earth. 

Arma procul currusque vir miror inanis. 
Sto terra defixus hasta, passimque solutus 
Per campus pascor equus : qui gratia currus 
Armaque fuit vivus, qui cura nitens 
Pasco equus, idem sequor tellus repositus. 



DLERESIS, EPENTHESIS, AND PARAGOGE. 

§ 306 ? 2. A syllable is often divided into two syllables. This 
is called diaeresis. 

§ 82& 5 3. Epenthesis is the insertion of a letter or syllable in 
the middle of a word. 

6. Paragoge is the addition of a letter or syllable to the end of 

a word. 

Besides the introduction of one of the preceding figures into each 
of the following exercises, the arrangement of- the words must be 
changed ; in the exercises which are translated, this change may be 
confined to one word only in each line. 

1. Libabant pocula Bacchi in medio aula, 

Dapibus impositis auro, tenebant paterasque. 



288 PROSODY DIAERESIS, EPENTHESIS, &,C. §306. 

2. Si nulla copia lymphoe finiret sitim tibi, 

Narrares medicis ; quod paravisti (sync.) quanto plura. 
Cupis tan to plura, nulline audes fateri f 

3. Ilia est audax malo. Stabant cum atris vestibus 
Ante toros fratrum sorores, crine demisso : 
Una e quibus, trahens tela hserentia viscere, 
Moribunda relanguit ore imposito fratri. 

4. Atque hie legatos remissos ex iEtola. urbe, 
Jubet fari, qua^referant ; et reposcit responsa, 
Cuncta suo ordine. Turn silentia facta Unguis, 
Et Venulus parens dicto ita infit fari. 

5. Hasc prseterea duo oppida disjectis muris, 
Vides reliquias veterumque virorum monumenta. 
Hanc pater Janus condidit, hanc urbem Saturnus ; 
Janiculum fuerat nomen huic, illi Saturnia. 

6. Quassas puppes ducuntur in cava navalia, 

Ne temere dissolvantur in mediis aquis. 
Ne cadat, et inhonestet multas palmas adeptas, 

Languidus equus carpit gramina in pratis. 
Miles, ut non est satis utilis emeritis annis, 
Ponit ad antiquos Lares arma, quse tulit. 

7. Qualis ubi nimbus sidere abrupto ad terras 

It per medium mare, heu, prsescia longe miseris 
Agricolis corda horrescunt ; ille dabit ruinas 
Arboribus stragemque satis, late met omnia. 
Venti antevolant, ferunt sonitumque ad litora. 
Rhoeteus ductor talis in adversos hostes. 

8. Urbs quoque et tutela tuarum legum lassat te, 

Et morum, quos cupis esse similes tuis. 
Nee otia, quas prasstas gentibus, contingunt tibi ; 

Bellaque irrequieta geris cum multis. 
In hoc pondere tantarum rerum, mirer igitur 
Te unquam evolvisse nostros jocos. 

9. Ivory surrounds the courts : the roof is rendered firm by brazen 
beams ; And ores rise up into lofty columns. 

Atrium cingo ebur ; trabs solido as culmen ; 
et in celsus columna surgo electrum. 

10. It was night, and through all the lands, the wearied animals, 
And the race of birds and of cattle, deep sleep held fast. 

Sum nox, et terra animal fessus per omnis, 
Ales pecusque genus, altus sopor habeo. 

11. For the cautious wolf shuns the pitfall, and the hawk The sus- 
pected snares, and the kite the concealed hook. 

Enirn cautus metuo fovea lupus, accipiterque 
Laqueus suspectus, et opertus mllvus hamus. 



§ 3*23. PROSODY EN ALL AGE. 289 

12. If the fates would suffer me to pass my life agreeably to my 
own wishes, And to relieve my cares in my own way, I would first 
renew the Trojan city and the beloved remains of my countrymen ; 
The lofty towers of Priam should still stand. 

Ego si fatum meus patior duco vita auspicium, 

— et meus sponte compono cura, 

Urbs Trojanus priinum meus diilcisque, 

Colo reliquias ; Priamus tectum alius maneo. 



ENALLAGE, OR VARIATION OF WORDS. 

In the composition of Latin verse, it will often be found necessary 
not only to change the prosaic arrangement of the words, but to- sub- 
stitute for some of the expressions, other phrases of the same signifi- 
cation, but of different length and quantity. In the following exercises, 
the blanks are to be filled by a word in the preceding line. 

§ 8&3 5 3. Enallage is a change of words, or a subsitution of 
one gender, number, ease, person, tense, mood, or voice of the 
same word for another. 

The plural number is sometimes used instead of the singular ; 
adjectives instead of adverbs; possessive adjectives instead of 
genitives, and genitives instead of possessive adjectives ; partici- 
ples instead of verbs, relatives and verbs, or conjunctions and 
verbs ; compound instead of simple, and simple instead of com- 
pound words ; a word or words repeated instead of a conjunc- 
tion ; neuter verbs instead of sum ; sum instead of haheo ; a passive 
instead of an active voice ; or an impersonal verb instead of a 
neuter verb with a nominative. 

Singular and Plural. 

1. Time passes on ; and we in the silently fleeting years grow old ; 
And the days speed aw^ay, no curb restraining them. 

Tem.pus labor ; tacitusque senesco annus; 
Et fugio, non freenum remorans, dies. 

2. My father sways the sceptre of Asia, than which there is not a 
happier land, Scarcely is it possible to pass over its extensive 
boundaries. 

Sceptrum parens Asia, qui nullus beatior ora, 
Finibus immensis vix, teneo, obeunda. 

3. Jove had nodded his assent ; each pole was made to tremble by 
his nodj And Atlas felt the weight of the heaven. 

Jupiter annuo; tremefactus uterque nutus 
Sum polus ; et coelum pondus sentio Atlas. 

25 



299 PROSODY ENALLAGE. § 323. 

4. If there was an}' one. who to chaplets made of the flowers of 
the field Could add violets, he was considered rich. 

Si quis sum, factus pratnm de flos corona 
Qui addo possum viola, dives sum. 

5. He shall give you wine, made on those mountains, From which 
he himself came, under the brow of which he has played. 

Hie tu vinum do, diffusus in mons ille, 
A qui ipse venio, qui ludo sub vertex. 

6. My mother held me fast, and added also these words with her 
rosy lips; "O my son, what great provocation thus excites your 
ungoverned anger? Why are you thus enraged? or whither has 
your regard for me fled ? " 

Contineo, roseusque ore hie insuper addo ; 

" Natus, quis indomitus tantus dolor excito ira ? 

Quid furo ? aut quonam ego tibi cura recedo ? " 

7. All the grove is shattered ; the storms tear off the ancient 
Branches of the trees ; and though for ages penetrated by no Sun, the 
bowers of shady Lycseus have been laid open. 

Omnis nemus frangor ; rapio antiquus procella 
Brachia sylva; nullusque aspectus per csvum 
Sol, umbrosus pateo eestiva Lycseus. 

8. There let the spices, which fertile Panchaia sends forth, And the 
Eastern Arabians, and rich Assyria, And there also let tears be poured 
forth in remembrance of me. Thus do I wish verses to be composed 
on my remains. 

Illuc merx, qui mitto pinguis Panchaia, 

Eousque Arabes, et Assyria dives, 
Et ego memor lacrymse fundor eodem. 
Sic ego componor velim versus in os. 

9. Seek, O master of the feast, for other guests, Whom the regal 
splendors of your table may captivate. Me let my friend invite to 
meals that are quickly dressed. That feast only pleases me, which I 
am able to give in return. 

Conviva alius, cocna, qusero, magister, 

Qui mensa regnum superbus tuus capio. 
Ego meus amicus ad subitus invito ofella. 

Hie ego placeo, qui possum reddo, ccena. 

10. His natal day is come, let us utter before the altars propitious 
words. Thou, O man, and thou, O woman, whosoever thou art that 
drawest near, refrain from every adverse sound. Let sacred incense 
be burned; let the odors be burned, Which the soft Arabians send 
from their fertile land. 

Bonus verbum dico, venio natalis, ad ara. 

Quisquis adsum, vir mulierque, lingua fave. 
Uror pius thus focus : uror odor, 

Qui tener e terra dives mitto Arabs. 



§ 323. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 291 

11. I desire not riches, nor yet would I be so meanly poor, That a 
rich man may disdain to enter my house. May a friendly circle also, 
before my spacious fire, Delight to beguile with me the dulness of a 
winter night with amusing tales. 

Divitiae non peto, nee sum tarn sordide egenus, 

Nauseo ut dives tectum subeo me us. 
Quin egocum historia ad largus ignis circulus 

Decipio hybernus tcedium nox arno. 

12. Lo, my locks lie dishevelled without order on my neck, Nor do 
glittering jewels encircle my joints ; I am clothed in a miserable dress ; 
no gold is in my tresses; My hair is not perfumed with Arabian dew. 

Ecce collum sparsus sine lex capillus jaceo, 
Nee premo articulus lucidus gemma meus : 

Vestis tego vilis ; nullus sum aurum in crinis ; 
Non Arabus meus ros capillus oleo. 



Adjective and Adverb. 

13. You spend your quiet hours of leisure delightfully at home ; 
your sweet Children smile around you, and run to you for kisses. 

Lcete ago securus domesticus otia ; dulcis 
Arrideo circum, et propero ad osculum natus. 

14. What body of men, O citizens, is brought hither in a black 
cloud of dust? Bring arms quickly, furnish darts, mount the walls. 

Quis globus, O civis, ater caligo volvor ? 

Fero citb ferrum, (enall.) do telum, scando murus. 

15. The lands produce harvests, when by the heat of the burning 
dog-star The earth annually yields the yellow ears of corn. 

Rus messis fero, calidus cum sidus cestus 

Depono flavus quotannis (annuus) terra coma. 

16. But the ram himself in the meadows, sometimes with sweetly- 
glowing Purple, sometimes with yellow dye, shall tinge his fleece. 

Ipse sed in pratum aries, jam suaviter rubens 
Murex, jam muto vellus {enall.) croceus lutum. 

17. The winds being changed roar in an opposite direction, And 
from the lowering west Spring up ; and the air is condensed into a 
cloud. 

Mutatus transverse fremo, et vesper ab ater 
Consurgo ventus ; atque aer in nubes cogor. 

18. The trees also appear to mourn, their leaves being gone, And 
the birds do not sweetly sing. 

Quinetiam ramus positus lugeo videor frons, 
— et non (nullus) dulce queror avis. 



292 PROSODY ENALLAGE. §323. 

19. Plenty relieves not his hunger ; parching thirst his throat Dries 
up ; and he is deservedly tormented by the now-hated gold. 

Copia 7W7i fames relevo ; sitis aridus guttur 
Uro; et invisus merild torqueor ab aurum. 

20. Osiris first made ploughs with a skilful hand, And turned up 
the soft ground with iron. He first committed seeds to the untried 
ground, And gathered apples from trees before unknown. 

Primiim aratrum manus solers facio Osiris, 

Et tener humus ferrum solicito. 
Primiim inexpertus committo semen terra, 

Pomumque ab non notus lego arbos. 



Jldjective and Substa7itive. 

21. O son of iEson, fickle and more inconstant than the breeze of 
spring, Why are your words without their promised weight ? 

Mobilis iEsonide, vej'isque incertior aura, 
Cur tuus verbum pollicitus pondus careo? 

22. At a fixed hour also the morning leads through the realms 
Ethereal the rosy dawn, and diffuses the light around. 

Tempus item certus roseus per ora Matuta 
JEthereus aurora defero, et lumen (enall.) pando. 

23. Night had begun to bury the cares of men in her deep Bosom, 
and sleep had spread abroad her heavy wings. 

Cospi hominum altus sopio labor 

Nox gremium, pigerque ala sopor diffundo. 

24. But neither do I always remain confined in my house or in the 
city; Nor does the vernal season pass away unenjoyed by me. 

Sed neque sub tectum semper, nee lateo (enall.) in urbs ; 
Irritus nee ego (enall.) tempus (enall.) uer7ius eo. 

25. Then in the gate with his mouth encompassed with serpents 
black Cerberus Howls, and stands as a sentinel before the gates of 
brass. 

Turn niger in porta serpentum os Cerberus strido, 
et aris excubo ante fores. 

26. But that primitive age, to which we have applied the epithet 
golden, Was happy in the fruits of trees and in the herbs, which the 
earth produces ; Nor did it stain the mouth with blood. 

At ille vetus oetas, qui facio aurea nomen, 
Foetus arborum, et, qui humus educo, herba, 
Fortunatus sum; nee os (enall.) polluo cruor. 

27. Nor does she believe that the winter uninjurious destroys not 
the roses, That the cold months of the year are gay with the herbs 



§ 323. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 293 

of other mouths, Nor that the shoots of spring fear not the tempestu- 
ous Bootes. 

Nee credo quod bruma innoxius rosa servo, 

Quod gelidus alienus rubeo gramen {enall.) mensis, 

Veris nee iratus timeo virgultum Bootes. 

28. The father and the husband of Lucretia pardon the deed, which 
she was thus compelled to commit. " The pardon," said she, " which 
you give to me, I myself withhold." There was no hesitation : she 
instantly pierces her breast with a concealed poniard, And falls, 
stained with blood, at her father's feet. 

Do venia factum coacto genitor conjuxque. 

" Qui," dico, " venia tu do, ipse nego." 
Nee mora ; figo suus pectus {enall.) celatus ferrum, 
Et cado in patris sanguinolentus pes. 

29. I do not ask for paternal riches, and the fruits Which a treasured 
harvest afforded to an ancient ancestor. A small field is enough for 
me ; it is enough for me if I am able to live in peace in my cottage, 
And to rest my weary limbs on my accustomed couch. 

Non ego divitise patrius fructusque requiro, 

Qui fero antiquus avus conditus messis. 
Parvus seges satis sum ; satis sum tectum requiesco 

Si licet, et solitus torus membrum levo. 

30. I should have thought that, in the first origin of the rising world, 
no other Days had shone, or had any other temperature : It was then 
spring; spring the spacious globe enjoyed; And the east winds with- 
held the blasts of winter. 

Non alius primus crescens mundus origo 
Illuceo dies, aliusve tenor habuisse, 
Credo : ver ille sum ; ver magnus orbis ago; 
et hyemis parceo flatus Eurus. 

31. Wherefore take courage, for neither does the wisdom of the De- 
ity Exercise itself in vain, nor will the soul be bounded by those Limits 
by which this perishable body is bounded ; but, freed from all Earthly 
pollution, it flourishes, and shall flourish forever. 

Quare sumo animus ; neque enim sapientia Dei 
Opera frustra impendo, neque mens arctor iste 
Limes, qui hoc corpus periturus ; at exsors 
Terrenus labes vigeo, vigeo aeternumque. 



Participle and Verb. 

32. And now you may admire the barks gliding so swiftly, And now 
the vessels passing on by cords so slowly. 

Et modo tarn celeriter {enall.) miror currens (infin.) linter, 
Et modo tarn tarde (enall.) funis iens ratis. 
25* 



294 PROSODY ENALLAGE. § 323. 

33. Do you not also see stones reduced to nothing by time ? Do 
you not see lofty towers falling, and rocks mouldering away ? 

Denique non lapis quoque rictus cerno ab sevum ? 
Non altus turris mens et putrcscejis saxum ? 

34. Do we not also see that the tombs of heroes have decayed ? Do 
we not see flinty fragments falling down, separated from the lofty 
mountains, Neither bearing nor resisting the mighty force of time ? 

Denique non monumentum vir (sync.) dilabor video ? 

Non ruens avulsus silex anions altus, 

Nee validus svuin vis (enall.) perferens patiensquc? 

35. His cheeks were seized with paleness ; with a face as though 
frozen, he stood, Doubtful whether he should have recourse to flight, 
or supplicate mercy as one subdued, Or betake himself to enemies so 
great. 

Inficior pallor gena; sto os gelatus, 

Incertus petone fuga, veniave posco subactus, 

an sese transfero in tantus hostis. 

36. Now the vines are tied ; now the vineyards require not the 
pruning-hook ; Now the weary vintager sings near the remotest rows 
of his vines ; But still the earth must be turned up, and the mould 
moved ; And still the weather is to be dreaded by the ripening grapes. 

Jam vincior vitis ; jam falx arbustum repono ; 
Jam efFoetus cano extremos vinitor antes : 
Solicitandus tamen tellus, movendus pulvisque ; 
Et jam metuendus maturus Jupiter uva. 

37. But Julius Proculus was coming from Longa Alba, And the 
moon was shining, neither was there any need of a torch; When the 
clouds on his left hand were heard to burst asunder with a sudden mo- 
tion. He drew back his steps ; his hair stood erect with fear ; Splen- 
did, and more than human, and adorned with a royal robe, Romulus 
was seen standing before him in the middie of his path. 

Sed Proculus Alba Longa venio Julius, 

Fulgeo lunaque, nee fax usus sum ; 
Cum subitus motus sinister nubes crepuere. 

Refero ille gradus ; coma (enall.) horreoque ; 
Pulcher, et major humanus, trabeaque decorus, 

Romulus in inedius visas est adsum via. 



Participle and Relative and Verb. 

38. What does it profit to rob the vine of the grapes, which are still 
growing ? And to pluck, with a mischievous hand, the apples which 
are just formed 4 ? 

Quid fraudo juvo vitis, qua crcscunt. uva? 

Et, modo quce nuta sunt, malus vello pomum manus ? 



§ 323. 



PROSODY - — ENALLAGE. 295 



39. This, at least, let her grant to me, who do not ask many things 
of her, And let her cover my exposed remains with cypress leaves. 

Hie ego concedo saltern, non mnltus qui rogo, 
Nudusque cupressinus (enall.) frons tego os 

40. You will find that to all the ships, now tossed about in the deep, 
The sea was smooth when they first left the port. 

Omnes invenio, nunc jactatus in altum, 
Navis a portu fretum lenis sum. 

41. Moreover the soul asks not for those joys which are fleeting, 
But for those which are more suitable to itself, and subject to no 
change ; Joys which, through eternal ages, will never perish. 

Gaudium quinetiam non hie, quce fugiunt, posco, 
At sui magis aptus, vicis (enall.) obnoxius nullus, 
Gaudium, perpetuus quce non interibunt per sevum {enall.) 

42. There the guilty limbs of Ixion, who dared to tempt Juno, Are 
turned continually round on a rapid wheel : And Tityus, stretched 
over nine acres of ground, Feeds with his loathsome bowels birds that 
are ever preying. 

Illic Juno tento, Ixion, qui ausus est, 

Versor celer rota noxius membrum : 
Porrectusque, Tityus, per novem juger terra, 

Pasco assiduus ater viscus {enall.) avis. 



Participle and Conjunction and Verb. 

43. In the mean while, Aurora to wretched mortals the fair Light 
had brought forth, and renews the work and labors of the day. 

Aurora interea mortnlis miser almus 

EfFero lux, et referet opus (enall.) atque labor. 

44. In the country also The white sheep carries on her back the soft 
fleece, And will soon afford employment to the youthful maidens. 

Rus etiam, tener cura et exhibebit puella, 
Mollis gero tergum lucida ovis vellus. 

45. And when men shall let loose their tongues in revilings Against 
you, and asperse your names with false Accusations, rejoice, and with 
a firm mind endure it all. 

Et cum mortalis solvo lingua in jurgia 
Vos contra, falsus et onerant nomen vester 
Crimen, gaudeo, ac fero firrnus pectus. 

46. Now the flocks and the birds are silent; now sleep Steals on the 
miser's cares, and descending passes through the air, And brings to his 
wearied mind sweet repose. 



296 PROSODY ENALLAGE. § 323. 

Jam pecus volucrisque taceo ; jam avarus (enall.) somnua 

lnserpo cura. pronusque nuto per aer, 

Gratus laboratus et rcfert oblivium (enall.) vita. 

47. Alexander, the Macedonian, weeps, when he had subdued to 
himself the whole world, And is grieved that nothing remains to be 
conquered by his arms. Xerxes weeps, because of all his multitudes 
of soldiers not one, When the next age shall arrive, not one will be 
living. O Macedonian, I will not commend your tears ; your humane 
sorrow I applaud, O Persian, and am willing to weep with you. 

'Macedo fleo, sui totus ubi debello orbis, 

Et indignatur anna nihil (sync.) supersum suus. 

Fleo Xerxes, quod suus de mille nemo, Eetas, 
Proximus cum venio, nemo sum superstes. 

Nolo tuus lacrymas, Macedo ; ego laudo dolor 
Humanus, et tucum, Persa, volo doleo. 



Simple and Compound. 

48. Lucifer, the morning star, arose above the mountain Casius, 
And ushered in the day to Egypt, glowing with the rising sun. 

Lucifer prospicio a Casia rupe, diesque 
Immitto in iEgyptus, primus quoque sol calens. 

49. First behold the oceans, the kingdoms, and the heaven. The 
same day shall assign them all to destruction, and, though through 
many years Preserved, the fabric and system of the universe shall 
perish. 

Principio mare, ac terra, coelumque intueor. 
Dies unus do exitium, multusque per annus 
Sustentatus, ruo moles et mundus machina. 

50. The gods have shown you to us, as a welcome star to the tossed 
vessel, Which, having weathered two storms, Is still beaten by the 
waves, and which, its pilot being barfled, is hurried along at random. 

Tu ego, ceu sidus dulcis trepidus carina, 
Ostendo deus, geminus, qui, prolapsus procella, 
Tundor, et, victus magister, trahor jam caecus. 

51. I did not, when a child in my early years, address to you, O my 
mother, endearing words, Uttered with a lisping tongue. 1 did not 
embrace your neck with my infant arms, Neither did I sit a pleasing 
burden on your knee. 

Non tu blanditise, meus mater, in primus annus, 

Incertus os dictus, puella fero. 
Non ego capto tuus collum (enall.) brevis lacertus, 

Nee gremium insedeo sarcina gratus tuus. 

52. When, therefore, the years, as they gently pass away, old age 
Gradually bring on, he views approaching death in the frame of 



§323. PROSODY -^ENALLAGE. 297 

mind, With which he, who has been tossed about with long-continued 
tempests, Holds in sight a port, and a refuge from his labors. 

Ergo senectus annus, ut labor (enall.) leniter, 
Cum sensimfero, mors iste mens propinquus 
Aspicio, ut longus, qui, actus tempestas, 
Portus teneo in conspectus, efTugiumque malorum. 

53. Thus Boreas, when first rising, shakes with a gentle breeze the 
waving branches, And murmurs through the quivering Leaves; soon 
becoming fiercer, he blows out each of his cheeks, And shakes the 
strong trunks of the trees with their lofty tops. 

Haud aliter lenis flamen nutans ramus 

Surgens agito Boreas, tremulusque susurro 

Per frons : mox bucca uterque inflo animosior, 

Et validus quasso truncus cum vertex {enall.) celsus. 

54. Afterwards, when all the strength of Boreas has been collected, 
and a greater blast Through the whole wood is heard, from their deep- 
est roots The ancient oaks on the ground he lays, and increases the 
boisterous storm, And covers all the grove with an extended ruin. 

Post, ubi vis {enall.) colligor, {enall.) majorque tumultus 
Pertotus sylva audior, ab radix imus 
Prosterno humi antiquus quercus, rapidusque procella 
Glomero, latusque impleo nemus omnis ruina. 

55. Mars heard these words, and from the snowy rocks of iErnus He 
rises, and thus with a loud voice urges his active attendants ; u Bring 
to me, O Bellona, my helmet; my car, O Fear, prepare; let Terror 
yoke my rapid steeds." 

Audio {sync.) ille pater, nivales scopulusque iEmus 
Jlssurgo, et hortor celer clamor minister ; 
" jQfftiro galea, Bellona, ego ; nexusque rotarum 
Tendo, Pavor ; frseno rapidus jugalis Formido." 

56. A bird, fearing the hawk, with trembling wings Dares, when 
weary, to come for refuge to a human bosom. Nor does the frightened 
stag, when flying from the savage dogs, Hesitate to trust herself to a 
neighboring house. 

Accipiter metuens, ales penna trepidans 

Audeo humanus fessus advenio sinus, {enall.) 

Nee sui committo vicinus dubito tectum 

Effugiens {enall.) infestus, territus cerva, canis. 

57. Remember also that the mind, injured by long rust, Grows dull, 
and is much less vigorous than it formerly was. The fertile field, if it 
be not continually renewed by the plough, Will produce nothing but 
grass with thorns. The horse, who shall have stood still for a long 
time, will run badly, and among the horses Sent from the starting- 
place, will run last in the race. 

Adde quod ingenium lsesus longus rubigo 

Torpeo, et sum multo minor quam suiri ante. 
Fertilis, si non renovor assiduo {enall.) aratrum. 



298 PROSODY ENALLAGE. § 323. 

Nihil (sync.) habeo, nisi cum spina gramen, ager. 
Qui longus tempus sto, male curro, et inter 

Career (enall.) demissus, ultimo (matt.) eo equus. 



Repetition and Conjunction. 

58. Hope supports the husbandmen, and commits to the ploughed 
furrows The seeds, which the land may return with a great increase. 

Spes alo agricola, et sulcus credo aratus 
Semen, qui reddo magnus fcenus ager. 

59. The spring is very beneficial to the leaves of the groves and to 
the woods. In the spring the lands swell and ask for the genial seeds. 

Ver adeo frons (enall.) nemus, et utilis sylva : 
Ver tumeo terra et semen genitalis posco. 

60. We are exploring other abodes and worlds. An ardent desire of 
being carried in a fearless flight through the vast expanse of space 
Impels us. It is delightful, O it is delightful to go among the shining 
worlds In the air, to roam over the wandering stars of the lofty 
heaven. 

Ego sedes alius et exquiro orbis. 
Ego feror vastum per inane impavidus volatus 
Ingens amor urgeo. Juvat, O juvat eo per ignis 
zEtheris, (enall?) lustro vagus lumen altus ecelum. 

61. But now I wander alone through the woods and the meadows, 
Where the sylvan shades are thick in the valleys. Here I wait for the 
evening. Above my head the rain and the wind Sound mournfully, 
and the gloom of the shattered forest is disturbed. 

At jam sohis ager et pascuum oberro, 

Sicubi ramosus umbra densor vallis. 

Hie expecto serum. Supra caput imber et Eurus 

Sono triste, fractusque agitor (enall.) crepusculum (enall.) sylva. 

62. A race temperate and sagacious, industrious and provident, How 
peacefully and wisely do the bees pass their life ! They have among 
them the social regulations of a city; to every one Is appointed his 
share of labors and his duties. 

Gens frugi et prudens, providus et operosus, vita 

Quoin placide perago et sapienter apis ! 
Urbs habeo consortium (enall.) inter suisui ; quique 

Sto suus pars opus et munia. 

63. Atlas carries the world on his strong shoulders, and bent double 
by its weight Is covered with sweat, and toils under the immense 
burden. What sinews, and neck, and arms, What strong joints in the 
legs, must so heavy a load require ! O go on warily, for if the least 
slip Should befall your steps, we are all lost. 



§ 323. PROSODY ENALLAGE. 299 

F.obustus fero mundus humerus, et sudo pondus curvus, 

-— — et ingens moles Atlas laboro. 

Qui nervus, et cervix, et brachia, crurum 

Quam validus nexus, onus tarn gravis posco ! 
O caiite incedas, nam minimus si tibi lapsus 

OfFendo gressus, ruo (enall.) omnia. 



Sum and Verb Neuter. 

64. Here, where Rome now is, was once an unlopped grove, And 
the city now so large was once a pasture-ground for a few oxen. 

Hlc, ubi nunc Roma sum, incasduus sylva sum (vireo,) 
Tantusque res sum paucus pascuum bos. 

65. But the abode of the wicked lies hidden in thick darkness, 
Around which are gloomy rivers. 

At sceleratus (enall.) jaceo sedes abditus in nox profundus, 
qui circum flumen niger sum (sono.) 

66. Soon also distress was inflicted on the corn, so that noxious 
Mildew consumed the stalks, and the unfruitful thistle was in the 
fields. The standing corn dies, and a rough wood succeeds. 

Mox et frumentum (enall.) labor additus, ut culmus malus 
Edo rubigo, segnisque sum (fwrreo) in arvum 
Carduus. Seges intereo, (enall.) subeo asper sylva. 



Sum and Habeo. 

67. Not if I had a hundred tongues, and a hundred mouths, And a 
voice of iron, could I mention all the species of crimes, Nor enumer- 
ate all the names of their punishments. 

Non ego si linguas centum habeam, oraque centum, 

Ferrum (enall.) vocem, omnis comprehendo (sync.) scelus forma, 

Possum omnis poena percurro nomen. 

68. The Naiad Amalthea, illustrious in Cretan Ida, is said to have 
hidden Jupiter in the woods. She was possessed of a she-goat, the 
beautiful mother of two kids, Distinguished among the Dictaean flocks. 

Nais Amalthea, Cretasus Ida nobilis, 

Dicor in sylva Jupiter occulo. 
H&c habirit haedus matrem formosam duo, 

Inter Dictseus grex conspiciendam. 

69. With horns lofty and bending upon her back, With an udder 
which might belong to the nurse of Jupiter, she gave milk to the god ; 
but she broke her horn against a tree, and was deprived of the half 
part of her beauty. 

Cornu aerius atque in suus tergum (enall.) recurvus, 
Uber, qui nutrici posset esse Jupiter, 



300 PROSODY ENALLAGE. § 323. 

Ille lac do deus ; sed franco in arbor cornu, 
Truncusque sum dimidius pars decus. 

70. This broken horn the nymph took up, and brought it wound 
round with fresh flowers And full of apples into the presence of Ju- 
piter. He, when he possessed the sovereignty of heaven, and sat on 
the throne of his father, And nothing was greater than unconquered 
Jove, Changed into stars his nurse and his nurse's fruitful horn, To 
which even now is applied the name of her mistress. 

Nymphe tollo hie, cinctusque recens herba, 
Et pomum plenus, ad Jupiter os {enall.) fero. 

Ille, ubi res {enall.) coelum teneo, soliumque pater (enall.) sedeo, 
et nihil (sync.) invictus Jupiter major sum 

Facio sidus nutrix,' nutrix fertilis cornu, 

cut domina nunc quoque nomen esse. 



Active and Passive. 

71. Autumn produces apples; the summer is beautiful with the 
harvests; Flowers are given us by the spring; fire alleviates the 
winter. 

Autumnus pomum do ; formosus sum messis asstas ; 
Vere prcebentur Jlores ; ignis levat hyemem. 

72. The huntsman knows well where he may spread his nets for 
the stags ; He knows well in what valley the foaming boar lingers. 
Fowlers know the shrubs. He, who holds the hooks, Knows what 
waters are swum in by many fish. 

Venator scio bene cervus ubi rete tendo ; 

Scio bene qui vallis moror frendens aper. 
Aucupes noscunt (enall.) fmtices. Qui sustineo hamus, 

Novi qui aqua multus piscis (enall.) nator. 

73. There is no delay ; they weeping begin their work ; and are 
emulous to heap the altar of the funeral pile With trees, and to raise it 
toward heaven. They repair to an ancient wood, the deep retreats of 
savage beasts. The firs fall down ; the oak, cut down with axes, falls 
crashing ; And beams of ash and the yielding oak are cleft with 
wedges ; They roll from the mountains huge ash-trees. 

Haud mora; flens festino, araque sepulcrum 
Congero arbor certo, ccelumque educo. 
Eunt in antiquus sylva, stabulum altus fera. 
Picea procumbo; sono, ictus securis, ilex; 
Fraxineus trabs, cuneus et fissilis robur scinditur; 
advolvo ingens ornus mons. 



Variation of Case. 

74. She had duly presided over the temple for many years, And 
performed the cruel rites with an unwilling hand ; When two 



§ 323. 



PROSODY ENALLAGE. 301 



youths arrived in a ship with sails, And pressed with their feet our 
shores. 

Prassum templum multis is rite annis, 

Et perago (email.) invitus tristis sacra manus ; 
Ciim duo juvenis velifer venio carina, 
Premoque suus pes {enall.) littus noster. 

75. Their age was the same, as well as their love for each other; 
one of them was Orestes, The other was Fylades. Fame still pre- 
serves their names. They are instantly led to the cruel altar of Dia- 
na, Bound with both their hands behind their backs. 

Far sum horum astas et amor ; de quibus alter Orestes, 

Alter Pylades sum. Nomen fama teneo. 
Protinus Trivia ducor irnmitis ad ara, 

Evincti geminas manus ad suus tergum. 

76. And while the priestess prepares the sacrifice, and covers their 
temples with fillets, And still invents causes for her long delay, " Par- 
don me, O youths," she said; " I am not thus cruel. 1 perform sacri- 
fices more barbarous than the country itself." 

Dumque sacrum paro, et {enall.) velo tempora vitta, 
Et {enall.) tardus causa usque invenio mora, 

" Non ego crudelis, ignosco, juvenis," dico ; 
" Sacra quam suus facio barbarior locus." 

77. "This is the rite of the nation. But from what city do you 
come ? Or why have you made such a voyage in a ship so little 
fortunate ? " She said ; and, the name of their country having been 
told her, the pious virgin Finds them to be inhabitants of her own 
city. 

" Ritus is sum gcntl. E qua tu tamen urbe venio ? 

Quove peto {sync.) parum faustus puppis iter ? " 
Dico; et auditus patria nomen, pius virgo 

Consors sum urbs comperio suus. 

78. " But let one of you," she said, " fall a victim in our rites. Let 
the other go as a messenger to my native land." Pylades, ready to 
die, urges his beloved Orestes to go. He refuses; and each contends 
to die in the stead of the other. 

"Alter at vestrum" inquam, " cado hostia sacra. 

Ad patrius sedes eo nuntius alter." 
Pylades eo jubeo carus periturus Orestes. 

Hie nego ; uterque inque vicis pugno morior. 

79. While the honorable youths carry on this contest of love, She 
writes to her brother a letter. She gave her written commands to her 
brother, and he to whom they were intrusted, (Behold an instance of 
the vicissitude of human affairs,) was her brother. 

Dum pulcher juvenis perago certamen amor, 

Fratri scriptas exaro ille notas. 
Fratri mandatum do, quique ille do, 

Frater (humanos casus aspicio) sum. 

26 



302 PROSODY ENALLAGE. § 323. 

80. There is no delay; they hurry av, T ay the statues of Diana from 
the temple, And a ship carries them secretly through the immense 
waters. The wonderful friendship of these youths, although so many 
years have passed, has even now great renown in Scythia. 

Nee mora ; templo rapio simulacrum Diana, 

Clamque per immensus fero (enall.) puppis aqua. 

Minis amor juvenis, quamvis tot annus abeo, 
In Scythia nunc quoque magnus nomen habeo. 

81. Neither do the violets nor the opening lilies alwaj^s flourish, And 
*the deserted thorn grows stiff, the rose being lost; And soon hoary 

hairs will come to you, O lovely youth ! Soon will wrinkles come, 
which will make furrows in your skin. 

Nee semper viola nee hians lilium floreo, 

Et rigeo spina relictus, amissus rosa : 
Et ad te jam canus venio, formosus, capillus ; 

Jam venio ruga, qui tuum corpus arent. 

82. Form now an understanding which may last, and add it to your 
beauty ; That alone remains to the last day of life. Nor let it be 
made a trifling concern to cultivate the mind with the liberal arts, And 
to learn perfectly two languages. 

Jam molior animus, qui duro, et forma astruo ; 

Ille solus ad extremos permaneo rogos. 
Nee levis ingenuis pectus colo artibus 

Cura sum, et edisco duo lingua. 

83. I have often, though unwillingly, drunk bitter juices when sick, 
And the feast has been denied to me, though asking for it. You will 
endure sword and fire that you may save the body ; Nor, though thirsty, 
will you wash your parched mouth with water. Will you, then, refuse 
to bear any thing that you may be well in mind ? But this part of 
man is of more value than the body. 

Saepe bibo succus asger, quamvis invitus, amarus ; 

et mensa negor {enall.) ego orans. 

Ut corpus redimo ferrum et ignis {enall.) patior, 

Nee sitiens aridus os {enall.) levo aqua. 
Ut valeo animus quisquam nego tolero ? 

At pretium pars hie quam corpus majus habet. 



Synonymous Words. 

84. Alas ! when you least expect it, in the very flower of youth, 
Death suddenly cuts off at once all the hope of the family. 

Heu ! minime cum reor, in juventa ipse flos, 

Mors inopinate {enall.) domus spes protinus abripio cunctus. 

85. There is no need of envy ; far from me be the applause of the 
crowd ; He who is wise, should find a source of joy in the retirement 
of his own breast. 



§323, PROSODif ENALLAGE. 303 

Nihil (sync.) opus sum mvidia ; procul absum gloria vulgus; 
Qui sapio, in tacitus gaudeo is sinus. 

86. You, Zoilus, who are well dressed, ridicule my threadbare gar- 
ments. They are indeed threadbare, but, Zoilus, they are my own. 

Qui pexor (enall.) pulchre, rideo meus tritus, Zoilus. 
Sum hie tritus quidem, Zoilus, at meus sum. 

87. Aurora, in the mean time, to wretched mortals the fair Light 
had brought forth, and renews the works and labors of the day. 

Aurora interea miser homo almus 

Effero lux, et refero (enall.) opus et labor. 

88. Indeed, the approach of death alarms him only, Who, if there 
should be any existence beyond the grave, trembles for himself: It 
alarms not him who has passed his life righteously and piously. 

Scilicet hie unus mors vicinia turbo, 

Qui sui metuo, (enall.) si quid sum (resto) post funus : (enall.) 

Non hie, qui recte vita ago (enall.) saneteque. 

89. He, when the expected day of death approaches, Looks forward 
to eternal life ; he, triumphing in a better hope, Even now anticipates 
in hope the joys of the inhabitants of heaven. 

Hie, cum maturus dies mors advenio (enall.) osvum 
Suspicio aternus ; hie, spes melior triumphans, 
Coslicola (sync.) jam nunc votis praelibo gaudium. 

90. Let the ox plough, or let him impute his death to advanced 
years. Let the sheep afford us the means of defence against the 
cold north wind. Let the full she-goats bring their udders to be 
milked by us. 

Bos aro, aut letum senior imputo annus. 
Horrifer contra Boreas ovis arma prcebeo. 
Uber satur manus pressandus do capella. 

91. The color had forsaken my cheeks ; a leanness had seized on my 
limbs ; My reluctant mouth took but little food. Neither were my 
slumbers pleasant, and the night was tedious to me ; And, though op- 
pressed by no particular cause of sorrow, I often breathed a sigh. 

Effugio (enall.) ore color ; artus adduco macies ; 

Capio minimus os (enall.) coactus cibus. (enall ) 
JVeque somnus facilis, atque nox sum annuus ego ; (enall.) 

Mque gemitus, nullus laesus dolor, do. 

92. The sacred spring is clear, and more transparent than a crystal 
stream ; Many think that a deity inhabits it. Above it the water-loving 
lotos spreads its branches, As though it were itself a grove ; the earth 
around it is always green with soft turf. 

Sum nitidus vitreusque magis lucidus (enall.) fluvius 
Fons sacer ; ille muJtus numen habeo credo. 

Supra qui ramus expando aquaticus lotos, 
Unus sylva; tener cespes terra vireo. 



304 PROSODY ENALLAGE. §323, 

93. Let riches be heaped up together; whither glory or whither 
ambition leads, There go, surrounded by a crowded throng Of depend- 
ants, greeting you early in the morning. But what need is there of 
many words ? You are at length Brought to this point, that you ex- 
claim, " Alas ! how much vamt}' is there in worldly things 1" 

Cumulor (enall.) dixitice ; duco quo gloria quove 
Ambitio, stipatus per go examen densus 

Mane salutans. Quid multa ? Hue denique volvor eodem ? 
ut exclamoj (enall.) " Heu, quantum inane in res ! " 

94. Pluto himself appears seated on a rough throne, awful in 
gloomy Majesty ; his huge sceptre appears frightful in the dismal 
Shade ; a gloomy cloud renders his lofty brow More terrible ; and the 
sternness of his dreadful form becomes more appalling. 

Ipse, fultus rudis solium, nigerque verendus 

Dignitas, sedeo ; squaleo immensus fcedus 

Sceptrum (enall.) situs; sublimis caput mcestissimus nebula 

Aspero ; et rigeo dirus inclementia forma. 

95. As the sea quivers when it is brushed by a gentle breeze, As the 
tender branch of the ash is shaken by the warm south wind, So you 
might have seen my pale limbs tremble ; The bed was shaken by my 
body that was laid on it. 

Ut cequor fit tremulum tenuis cum stringor ventus, 
Ut stringor tepidus fraxini (enall.) virga notus, 

Sic meus vibror pallidus membrum video ; 

Quassus ab corpus, quod impositus sum {enall.) lectus sum. 

96. What indeed can it profit one who is about to die to know the 
causes of things, To connect things that are present with things to 
come, to roam in thought Beyond the sun and the stars? Surely The 
same law of death, and the same common grave, await us all. 

Ecquid enim prosum causa res cognosco, 
Conjungo (enall.) venturus prsesens. animus vagor 
Sol atque sidus super, moriturus ? Scilicet cunctus 
Unus letum lex maneo, et communis sepulcrum. 

97. The land of the Romans had not anciently any skilful husband- 
men ; Fierce* wars wholly occupied its active inhabitants. There was 
more honor in the sword than in the curved plough ; The neglected 
land produced but little to its owner. 

Non habeo terra peritus antique (enall.) colonus ; 

Lasso agilis asper proslium vir. 
Plus sum in ferrum qulaoci curvus honor aratrum ; 

Neglectus dominus paucus (enall.) produco ager. 

98. You are accustomed often to ask me, Priscus, what sort of man 
I should be, If I were suddenly to be made rich and become powerful. 
Do you, then, think that any one can say what his future conduct will 
be ? Tell me, now, if you were to become a lion, what sort of a lion 
should you be ? 



§323. 



ENALLAGE. 305 



Saepe qumro soleo, qualis sum, Priscus, futurus, 

Si fio locuples sumque subito pollens. 
Quisquam possum puto mos {enall.) dlco futurus ! 

Dico ego qualis, si no tu leo, sum ? 

99. But neither the woods of the Medians, that most fertile land, 
Nor the celebrated Ganges, and the river Hermus thick with its golden 
sands, Can vie with the praises of Italy, not Bactra, nor the Indians, 
Nor all Panchaia rich in soils producing frankincense. 

Sed neque Medi nemus, ditissimus regio, 
Nee pulcher Ganges, el auro turbidus Hermus, 
Laus Italia contendo, non Bactra, neque Indi, 
Omnis ct thurifer Panchaia dives arena. 

100. But here in Italy are no ravening tigers, nor the savage race of 
lions ; Nor do poisonous herbs deceive the wretched people who gather 
them. Neither does the scaly serpent here sweep his immense folds 
along the ground, nor to a vast Length extended, curl himself into 
a circle. 

At rabidus tigris absum, et scevus semen {enall.) leo; 

nee miserandus decipio aconitum, qui lego, {enall.) 

Nee rapio maximus orbis per terra, neque tantus 
Squameus in spira tractu sui coljigo serpens. 

101. Let him commend the repasts of a short meal, and salutary 
Justice, and the laws, and peace with her open gates. Let him 
faithfully keep secrets intrusted to him ; let him pray and beseech 
the gods That prosperity may return to the wretched, and forsake the 
haughty. 

Is dapes commendo mensa exiguus, et {enall.) saluber 
Justitia, jusqae, et apertus otium {enall.) porta. 
Is tego commissus ; divusqne precorque oro 
Ut redeo iufeUx, desero fortuna ambitiosus. 

102. But he calls the land his own, as far as where the planted 
poplar Prevents by fixed boundaries the disputes of neighbors; as 
though Any thing could be his own, which, in a moment of the fleet- 
ing hour, At one time by solicitation, at another by purchase, at an- 
other by violence, at another by the last fate of man, May change its 
masters, and fall into another's power. 

Sed appello usque suum, qua populus adsitus certus 

Refugio limes vicinus {enall.) jurgium ; tanquam 

Sum proprium quisquam, punctum qui Jltixus hora, 

Nunc prece,nunc pretium, nunc violentia, nunc sors supremus, 

Muto {enall.) dominus, et in alter {enall.) jus {enall.) cedo. 

103. Neither should you fear that his mind, becoming, perhaps from 
his regard to futurity, Somewhat averse to the duties of life, should re- 
fuse to bear labors, And encounter dangers, if the public good should 
require it. This indifference to worldly things Rather makes the man 
free and vigorous, and in all things that he undertakes Bold and invin- 
cible ; and it strengthens him in all difficulties. 

26* 



306 PROSODY ELLIPSIS. §323. 

Nee timeo quidem ne fortasse, ad munia vita 
Segnior, hinc mens recuso perfero (enall.) labor, 
Et periculum (sync.) fero, voco si publicus usus. 
Liber et erectus potius, res et in agendas 
Fortis vir invictusque officio, casus et per cunctus 
Rpboro externus rerum hie despicientia. 



ELLIPSIS. 

$ 3£8 ? 1. Ellipsis is the omission of some word or words in 
a sentence. 

Many of the lines in the following exercises will require an altera- 
tion in the arrangement of the words, as well as the introduction of the 
figure ellipsis, before they can be formed into verses. 

1. O Britain, fairest abode of liberty, let this happier lot be thine, To 
escape both the fate of Rome and the guilt of Rome. 

Sum tibi, o sedes pulcherrimus libertas, melior sors, 

nescio et fatum (enall.) Roma et crimen (enall.) Roma. 

2. Gray hairs also have not yet spoiled the beauty of my jetty locks, 
Neither has crooked old age with a slow step approached. 

Et nondum canus Isedo meus niger capillus, 
Nee curvus senecta venio tardus pes. 

3. The poplar tree is the most acceptable tree to Hercules, the 
vine the most acceptable to Bacchus, The myrtle the most accepta- 
ble to lovely Venus, to Phoebus his own laurel is the most acceptable. 

Populus Alcidse sum gratissimus arbor, vitis gratissimus Iacchus, 
Myrtus gratissimus formosus Venus, Phoebus sum gratissimus suus 
laurea. 

4. O wretched me ! with what vast waves are the shores beaten ! 
How is the day also hidden, obscured by thick clouds 1 

O ego miser ! quantus fluctus (enall.) litus plangor ! 
Et dies lateo, conditus nubes (enall.) obscurus ! 

5. You now I warn. Happy art thou, who, from another's misery, 
Shalt learn how to escape thine own misery. 

Vos nunc ego moneo. Felix sum tu, quicunque, dolor 
Alter, disco possum careo tuus dolor. 

6. He who advises that you should do that which you are already 
doing, while he advises Applauds you, and by his advice commends 
your conduct. 

Qui moneo ut facio is, qui jam tu facio, monendo ille 
Laudo tu, et comprobo actus (enall.) suus hortatus. 



§ 323. 



PROSODY ELLIPSIS. 307 



7. The brooks are dry ; the meadows are despoiled of their beauty 
by the mildew ; And nothing that felt the blast survives. I saw the 
flowers fade, I saw the roses die, and I saw the lilies languish. 

Rivus deficio ; praturn squaleo rubigo ; 

Et nihil afflatus vivo. Video ligustrum palleo, 

Expiro rosa video, decresco lilium et ego video. 

8. A garden adorned with odoriferous flowers was near, Divided as 
to its ground by a stream of water softly murmuring: There Tarquin 
the secret messages of his son Receives, and he cuts down with a rod 
the tallest lilies. 

Hortus cultissimus odoratus gramen (synon.) subsum, 
Sectus secundum humus rivus aqua sona.ns lene : 

Illic Tarquinius latens suus nlius (synon.) mandatum 
Accipio, et ille meto virga sumrnus lilium. 

9. When the messenger returned, and reported that the lilies were 
cut down, His son exclaimed. " I understand the orders of my father." 
Nor was there any delay. The chiefs of the city Gabii being slain, 
The defenceless walls are surrendered to his generals. 

Ut nuncius redeo, (sync.) decussusque lilium dico, 

Natus (synon.) suus aio, " Ego agnosco jussum meus parens." 

Nee ullus mora sum. Princeps ex urbs Gabina cassus, 
Moenia nudus trador suus dux. 

30. As many shells as the sea-shores have, as many blossoms as the 
fragrant beds of roses have, As many seeds as the sleep-bringing poppy 
has, By so many distressing things am I afflicted ; which if 1 should 
attempt to number, I might as well attempt to tell the number of the 
waves of the Icarian sea. 

Litus quot concha habeo, quot flos rosarium amoenus habeo, 

Quotve granum soporifer papaver habeo, 
Tot adversus res premor; qui comprehendo (sync.) si ego conor, 

Ego conor dico numerus Icarius aqua. 

11. Man alone, who is capable of acquiring knowledge, who has an 
ardent desire Of tracing out the causes and mutual relations of things, 
Enters on a vain pursuit ; for death hangs over him with sable wings, 
And arrests him in the midst of his journey as he is hurrying on. 

Homo solus, qui sum sagax scire, cui sum summus cupidb 

Scrutari causa et res foedus mutuus, 

Ingredior vanus iter; namque immineo is niger ala, 

Et in medius cursus intercludo is iens mors. 

12 Whither do you madly haste ? Although you should possess 
each Ocean, and although Lydia should pour forth for you her golden 
streams. And although the throne of Croesus and the diadem of Cyrus 
should be added to these riches, You never will be rich, you never will 
be satisfied with gain. 



308 PROSODY EPITHETS. § 323. 

Quo vesane tu ruo? Tu teneo uterque licebit oceanus, 

et Lydia laxo tu suus rutilus fons, 

Et solium Croesus Cyrusque tiara jungor, 
Sum nunquam dives, nunquam satior quoestus. 

13. He, who is always desiring more, is always poor; contented 
with a little, honorably obtained, Fabricius despised the gifts of kings; 
And the consul Serranus labored at the heavy plough; And an humble 
cottage held the heroic Curii. 

Ille, quicnnque cupio, sum semper inops; contentus honesto 
Parvo, Fabricius sperno munus rex ; 
Sudoque Serranus consul gravis aratrum ; 
Et angustus casa tego pugnax Curii. 

14. When I ask you for money without security, you say, " I have 
not any money ; " Yet you, the same person, have money, if my field 
is security for me. O Thelesinus, that which you will not trust to 
me, an old friend, You trust to my lands and to my trees. Behold, 
Carus has arrested you as a criminal ; let my field help you. Do you 
ask for a companion in your exile ? let my field go with you. 

Cum ego rogo nummus (enad.) de tu (e?ialL) sine pignus, 
" Ego non habeo nummus," inquio ; 

Tu idem homo habeo nummus, si pro ego spondeo meus agellus. 
Is qui non credo ego, vetus sodalis, Thelesinus, 

Colliculus meus credo arborque meus. 
Ecce, Carus defero tu reus ; meus agellus tu adsum. 

Tu quaero comes exilium ? meus agellus eo. 



EPITHETS. 

The words printed in Italics in the following exercises are substan- 
tives, which either require epithets to he added to them, or which have 
adjectives connected with them that may be omitted. A different 
arrangement of the words will be required in almost every line. 

1. But you, O robbers and wolves, spare this little flock : Your prey 
should be taken from a herd. 

At tu, furque lupusque, parco exiguus pecus : 
prseda sum pe tend us de grex. 

2. O Nile, nature has never discovered to any one your source, 
Neither has it been allowed to the inhabitants of the earth to see you 
a small river. 

Natura non prodo ullus tuns (elHp.) wput, 
Nilus, nee licet populus video tu parvus. 

3. Horace also has delighted my ears, While he brings forth from 
his Ausonian lyre refined songs. 



§ 323. PROSODY EPITHETS. 309 

Et Horatius teneo meus (enall.) auris, 
Dum ferio Ausonius lyra cultus carmen. 

4. An image of Minerva is said to have fallen from heaven Upon 
the lofty heights of the Trojan city. 

Coeleste signum Minerva credor 

Desiluisse in altus jugum Iliacus urbs. 

5. At the entrance of the hollow cave, the habitation of the god 
of sleep, poppies in abundance grow, And herbs innumerable ; from 
the juice of which Humid Night collects her sleepy power, and ex- 
tends it over the earth. 

Ante fores cavus antrum, foecundus papaver floreo, 
Et (synon ) innumerus herba ; qui de lac sopor 
Nox lego, et humidus per terra (enall.) spargo. 

6. Thus the violence of the winds, and the rain from which they 
wished to be screened, compelled mankind at first To build huts with 
straw, And to plaster their humble habitations around with mud. 

Sic vis ventus vitandique imbres primiim adegit homo, 

stipula (enall.) tectum ponere, 

et claudo arctus sedes (enall.) limus. 



7. Nor are the wives of the East less renowned in fame : Neither 
with tears, nor with female cries, Do they deplore their husbands' 
death; but, strange to be related. They ascend the funeral pile, and 
are consumed in the same devouring flames with their lifeless hus- 
bands. 

Nee Eous uxor minus celebror fama : 

Ille non lacrymes, non foemineus ululatus, 

Ploro fa turn (enall ) vir ; (sync.) verum, mirabilis dicor, 

Conscendoque rogus, flam) naque (enall.) vorax voror idem. 

8. The echoing wood resounds with the songs of birds, and every 
Shrub and every grove rings with music : The blackbirds also join 
their tuneful note.s, and the doves their plaintive sounds; The har- 
monious lark from above pours forth its strains. 

Sylva vocalis resono chorus avis, atque (synon.) omnis 
Virgultum et omnis nemus ferveo harmonia : 

Et merula misceo numerus gemitusque palumbes ; 
Canorus alauda addo desuper modus. 

9. He, who once refused to the needy worthless fragments of food, 
Now lives himself on food obtained by begging. Fortune wanders 
about with uncertain steps, And in no place remains constant and 
fixed. 

Vilis qui quondam nego (sync.) alimenta miser, 

Nunc pascor ipse cibus mendicatus. 
Fortwna vago (syuon.) ambiguus passus, 

Et permaneo (enall.) certus tenaxque in nullus locus. 



310 PROSODY EPITHETS. § 323. 

10. But virtue does not produce these evils : we confidently assert, 
That if every one faithfully performed her sacred duties, Nothing 
would appear more desirable than sacred virtue ; then would the 
golden ages return : But it is not our lot to live in a golden age. 

At virtus non parturio hie malum : immo fateor, 

Si quisque perago suus munia fideliter, sum 

Nihil (sync.) potior sacer virtus ; jam turn redeo aureus 

Saeculum: verum non contigit vivo aureus (synasr.) aevum. 

11. In the shady vales in the midst of Ida, there is a place Retired, 
and abounding with oaks and pitch trees, A place, which has never 
been touched by the mouth of the ox, Nor of the sheep, nor of the goat 
delighting in rocks. 

In nemorosus vallis medius Idae, sum locus 
Devius, et piceus atque (synon.) ilex frequens, 

Qui nee ovis, nee capella amans rupes, (synon.) 
Nee carpor os bos. 

12. Nor, O wicked man, while life remains, are you free from pain- 
ful punishments : Although you may deceive mortal men, yet you can- 
not fly from yourself; The avenging furies disquiet you ; care, a 
harassing attendant, preys on you, And dwells as a tormentor in your 
conscience, which is still mindful of your crimes. 

Nee, improbus, dum vita maneo, des nullas serumnosas poenas : 
Quanquam fallo mortalis homo, tamen haud ipse eflugio tu } 
Dirae ultrix tu agito ; tu cura remordeo, comes saevus, 
memorque sub pectus habito vindex. 

13. The horse obeys the reins in time, And receives with a quiet 
mouth the hard bits. The fierceness of the African lions is subdued 
by time, Nor does that savage wildness remain in their disposition, 
which was once in it. 

Eqvus obedio (synon.) habma tempus, 

Et recipio (synon) placid us os durus lupus. 
Ira Poenus leo cohibeor (synon.) tempus, 

Nee ferus ferltas permaneo (enall.) animus, qui sum ante. 

14. Thus the mourning nightingale bemoans under the shade of a 
poplar Her lost young, which a cruel countryman, Discovering them 
in their nest, had stolen unfledged ; thus she Grieves through the dark 
night, and, sitting on a bough, her song Renews, and fills the places 
around with her piteous complaints. 

Qualis moerens philomela sub umbra populus (enall.) 

Queror amissus foetus, qui durus arator, 

Cernens (synon.) nidus, implumis detraho ; at ille 

Nox caecus fleo, ramusque sedens, carmen 

Integro, et impleo late locus suus (ellip.) moestus questus. 

15. She fears all things and she hopes for nothing: thus anxious, 
as she is returning with food, is the bird, Who has left her young in 
a lowly shrub, And thus, while absent from them, is she apprehen- 
sive of many evils j She fears lest the wind should have torn her 



§323. PROSODY— PERIPHRASIS. 311 

nest from the tree, Lest her young should be exposed as a plunder 
to man ? or a prey to serpents. 

Omnis (synon.) paveo speroque nihil : sic ales restuo, 

Qui committOjfceta.s humilis ornus, 

Allaturus cibus, (enall.) et plurimus cogito absens ; 

Ne ventus discutio nidus arbor, 

Ne furtum pateo homo, neu coluber pra?da. 

16. A moth is flying around my burning candle ; And now, and 
now again it almost burns its little wings. Often with my hand I 
keep it back when approaching, and " O moth," I cry, " what 
great desire to die urges you on?" Still it returns; and, although 
I strive to save it, It perseveres, and rushes into the flames and into 
death. 

Musca volito circum me us exurens Jucerna ; 

Jllaque parvus suus amburo jam prope, jamque. 
Ssepe repello manus is (ellip.) veniens ; et " Musca" 

Inquam, " quis tantus libido morior impello tu ? " 
Ille tamen redeo ; et, quanquam conor (synon.) servo, 

Insto, et irruo (enall.) in fiamma exitiumque. 



PERIPHRASIS. 

§ 323. 2, (4.) Periphrasis is a circuitous mode of expression. 

The words in the following exercises, which are enclosed within pa- 
rentheses, are examples of the periphrasis, and are to be substituted 
for the corresponding word in the line. When two or more Italic 
words occur in a line, they must be omitted, and the meaning, which 
they are designed to convey, expressed by one word only. When 
there is only one word in a line printed in Italics, it is intended to 
be omitted, and its meaning expressed by a periphrasis. 

1. Thus does the lioness rage when confined in a narrow den, And 
breaks her fierce teeth by biting her prison. 

Sic lesena fremo (fera nobilis) in claustrum (enall.) parvus abditus, 
Et rabidus dens frango carcere praemorso. 

2. Whither shall I be carried ? where shall I seek comfort in my 
affliction ? No anchor now holds my bark. 

Quo feror ? unde (lapsis rebus) peto solatium (enall.) miseria ? 
Jam nullus anchora (non ulla) teneo) meus (enall.) ratis. 

3. Farewell, ye mossy fountains, ye woods, And ye Muses, and 
the dreams of fabled Pindus. 

Valeo muscosus fons, (sylvestria tecta) sylva, 
Musaque (Aonides dese,) et somnium Pindus mendax. 



312 PROSODY PERIPHRASIS. §323. 

4. Not far hence herds of cattle wander through the spacious 
fields, And sheep roam over the joyful pastures. 

Nee procul hinc armentum vagor (synon.) per latus ager, 
Ovisque (lanigeri greges) persulto lsetus pabulum. 

5. Then also the birds in safety flew, And the hare wandered 
fearlessly in the midst of the fields, Nor had their easy credulity 
hung on the hook the inhabitants of the rivers. 

Tunc et avis (movere pennas per aera) tuto (enall.) volo, 

Et lepus impavide (enall.) erro in medius ager, 

Nee sua cie dulltsis fluminum incolas suspendo hamus. 

6. The astonished cultivators of the fields see rugged brakes 
Sweetly blooming with roses, and hear with surprise among parched 
sands The noisy murmurings of a river. 

Attonitus cultores agrorum video dumetum incultus 
Suaviter (enall.) rubens (enall.) rosa, sitiensque inter arena 
Miror garrulus rivus (epithet) murmur. 

7. Arrayed in their shining arms, thrice around the blazing Piles 
they ran ; thrice the mournful funeral fire They encompassed on 
their steeds, and yelled aloud. 

Ter, cinctus nitens (synon.) arma, circum accensus 
Rogus curro ; (enall.) ter moestus funereus (enall.) ignis 
Lustro in suus (ellip.) equus, ululoque (ululatus ore dedere.) 

8. O robin, a guest most welcome to every house, "Whom the 
severity of the cold compels to seek the aid of man, That thou mayst 
escape the frosts of the wintry air, O fly hither, And dwell in safety 
under my roof. 

Rubecula (hospes avis,) conviva domus quivis gratissimus, 
Qui inclementia frigoris cogo quaero homo (enall.) opem, 

Hue O confugio, ut fugio frigus hibernus cesium, 
et vivo tutus (synon.) sub meus lar. 

9. That thou mayst relieve thy hunger, food in my window I will 
place every day ; For by experience I have learned that thou wilt 
repay with a grateful Song whatsoever food any kind hand may 
bestow. 

Unde relevo tuus esuries, alimentum (enall.) fenestra 
Appono quotidie (quoties itque reditque dies :) 

Etenim usus edisco quod rependo alimentum (enall.) gratus 
Cantus, quicunque dono (synon.) bonus (synort.) manus. 

10. In the early spring, when the warm breezes gently blow, And 
when on every tree its vernal honors bloom, Thou mayst freely re- 
turn to the groves and revisit the sylvan shades, In which music 
delightful and equal to thine resounds. 

Ver novus, cum tepidus aura molliter spiro, 

Et suus honos (enall.) verno in quivis arbor, 
Pro libitu ad nemus (synon) redeo sylvestriaque tecta reviso, 

In (ellip.} aui musica lsetus parque tuus resono. 



§ 323. PROSODY PERIPHRASIS. 313 

11. But if again, but if by chance again, the cold Should bring 
back to my house my beloved bird, Be thou, O returning bird, be 
thou mindful to repay with a grateful song Whatsoever food any kind 
hand may bestow. 

Sin iterum, sin forte iterum, frigus 

Reduco ad meus tectum (enall.) carus (synon.) avis, 
Sum, redux, memor sum rependo gratus cantus 

Pabulum, (enall.) quicunque benignus manus do. 

12. The Molossian hounds fondly caressed the hare then free from 
danger, And the tender young of the sheep drew near the wolf; The 
deers played in peace with the tigress ; The stags feared not the 
African lion. 

Molossi blande (enall.) foveo tutus (sijnon.) lepus, 

Tenerque ovis fatus appropinquo {synon.) vicinum preebuit latus 
lupus ; 
Goncors dama cum tigris (epithet) ludo ; 

Cervus non pertimesco (synon.) Massylus juba. 

13. From you shall descend the brave Achilles, Known to his ene- 
mies not by his back but by his undaunted front, Who, always a 
victor in the uncertain contest of the race, Shall outstrip the speed 
of the swift deer. 

Achilles (expers terroris) tu nascor fortis, 

Hostis haud tergum sed pectus impavidus (synon.) notus, 

Qui, persoepe victor vagus certamen cursus, 

Praiverto (flammea vestigia) celeritas cerva celer. 

14. But me first above all things may the sweet Aonian goddesses 
receive into their favor, Whose sacred symbols, smit with ardent 
love to them, I bear ; And may they show me the paths of heaven, 
and the starry orbs, The various eclipses of the orb of Phoebus, and 
the labors of the moon. 

Ego vero primum ante omnis dulcis Aonides dece, 

Qui sacra fero, magnus (synon.) amor percussus, 

Accipio; caelum atque (synon.) via, et sidereos orbes monstro, 

Varius defectus Phcebi orbis, lunaque labor. 

15. The god of fire fought against Troy, the god of music for 
Troy ; The mother of iEneas was friendly to the Trojan people, the 
goddess of war was unfriendly. The sister and wife of Jupiter, 
favorable to Turnus, hated ^Eneas ; yet he was secure under the 
protection of Venus. Often did the fierce ruler of the sea attack 
Ulysses ; Often did Pallas rescue him from the brother of her. father. 

Ignis deus sto in Troja, musicce prceses pro Troja; 

JEnecB mater sum sequus Trojano populo, iniqua belli dea. 
Proprior Turnus, Jovis soror et conjux iEneas oderat; 

Tamen ille sum tutus numen Venus. 
Saepe ferox pelagi domitor Ulysses (epithet) peto ; 

Ssepe Pallas (synon.) suus patris fratre eripio. 



314 PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. § 310. 

16. And as a ravenous wolf both seizes on and carries away 
Through the cornfields, through the woods, the sheep, which has 
not gone into the fold, So, if the hostile barbarian finds any one in 
the plains Not yet received within the city, he hurries him away ; 
He then either follows him as a captive, and receives chains cast 
upon his neck, Or falls by a poisoned arrow. 

Utque rapax pecus, qui non intro (se texit) ovili, 

Per seges, (synon.) per sylva, lupus feroque trahoque, 

Sic, si qui, acceptus (synon.) nondum (portarum sepe) oppidum, 
Barbarus hostis in campus reperio, (epenth.) ago; 

Aut captus sequitur ille, (ellip.) conjectusque catena {synon.) col- 
lum accipio, 
aut.pereo (synon.) venenatus telum (virus habente.) 

17. So when a shepherd, while he is collecting branches of trees 
in the woods, Has wrapped among the leaves a serpent asleep with 
cold and stiff with frost, And without having seen it, has brought it 
to the fire ; There is no delay ; scarcely has it felt the flames near 
it, When the serpent both lifts up its head, and now also turns 
around its fiery eyes, And moves erect through the house with its 
forked tongue. 

Sicut ubi, dum arborum brachia colligo in sylva, anguis 

Frigor sopitus, pastor, rigens brumaque. 

Frons implico, appono (synon.) ignisque inscius ; 

Nullus est mora ; propius vix perfero flamma, cum (et jam) 

Attolloque suus (ellip.) caput, jamque lumen igneus torqueo, 

Perque tectum (synon.) mico arduus anguis (synon.) os trilinguis. 



MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 

The first twenty-two of the following exercises are designed to be 
literally translated into Latin verse : the words will require a different 
arrangement, but every word may stand in the same line in Latin, in 
which it is found in English. The remaining exercises are intended 
to be more freely translated, and the words in one line may often be 
introduced into the preceding or following verse. 

1. The lamb in company with the wolf (sociata lupo) shall gambol 

(lasciviet) in (per) the valleys, 
And the steer shall go (petet) with the lion in safety (tutus) to the 
stall, (prcBsepe.) 

2. Thus (qualia) the lilies hang down (declinant) their withering 

(pallentes) stalks, 
And blooming (pubentes) roses die beneath the first chilling 
blasts, (ad primos austros.) 

3. And now the morning star (Lucifer) fringed (stringebat) the lofty 

iEmus with his (ellip.) rays, 



§310. PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 315 

And he urges on the rapid chariot (festinam rotam) more speedily 
than usual, (solito proper ant ior.) 

4. And I feared all these things, because I knew (videbam) that I 

deserved them ; (ellip.) 
But your anger is lighter (lenior) than my crime, (peccato.) 

5. Let the heaven supply (ellip.) dews sweet as nectar, (nectareos,) 

and let it viands (epithet) 
Supply, and shed (irriget) silently fertilizing showers, (imbres.) 

6. The sea was bright (radiabat) with the-image of the reflected (re- 

percusses) moon, 
And in the night (epithet) there was a light (nitor) like the light 
of day , (diurnus.) 

7. Let him indeed (sanb) receive the price (mercedem) of blood, and 

look as (et sic) 
Pale (palleat) as the man (ellip.) who has trodden on (pressit) a ser- 
pent with naked feet, (calcibus.) 

8. And now the sea began to redden (rubescebat) with the morning 

(ellip.) rays, and from the lofty sky (cethere) 
The saffron Morn (lutea Aurora) arose in her rosy chariot, (bigis.) 

9. Drops (enall.) wear a stone hollow, (cavo ;) a ring is worn out (con- 

sumitur) by use ; 
And the crooked ploughshare is worn away (teritur) by the earth 
rubbing against it, (pressd.) 

10. You see that anger, lust, (libido } ) vice, (scelus,) every where prevail, 

(dominentur ,) 

And deceit (fraus) counterfeiting friendship, and malignant 
envy, 

And feuds, and treachery, (insidice,) and the snares (retia) of une- 
qual law. 

11. Around the tame tiger (mansuetce tigri) flowery bands the sportive 

(petulantes) 
Boys in play ( per ludum) shall cast, and serpents the wearied 
Limbs of the traveller shall refresh by licking them with their 

cold tongues, (recreabunt frigore lingua.) 

12. The field by degrees shall grow yellow (Jlavescet) with soft ears 

of corn, (aristd,) 
And the blushing grape (rubens uva) shall hang on the rough (in- 

cultis) brambles, 
And hard oaks shall distil (sudabuni) dewy honey, (enall.) 

13. O sleep, thou (ellip.) rest (quies) of all (ellip.) things, O Sleep, 

thou gentlest (placidissime) of the gods, 
Thou peace of the mind, from whom care flies away, who the body 

(corda.) by its (ellip.) daily 
Toils (ministeriis) exhausted (fessa,) dost refresh and recruit for 

labor. 



316 PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. §310. 

14. Often, too, when the wind is rising, (vento impendente,) you will 

see stars 
Falling (labi) swiftly (enall.) from (ellip.) heaven, and, through 

the shades (umbram) of night, 
Long trains (tractus) of flame (enall.) gleaming (albescere) behind 

them, (a tergo.) 

15. Under this tree the dewy (madidi) Fauns (Fauni) often danced, (lu- 

serunt,) 
And their {ellip.) pipe heard in the night (fistula sera) alarmed 
the quiet family, (domum ;) 
And, while they fled (fugit) through the solitary (solus) fields 
from midnight Pan, (nocturnum Pana,) 
Often under this tree (fronde) a rural Dryad (Dry as) lay con» 
cealed, (latuit.) 

16. O mossy fountains, and grass (herba) more soft than sleep, (soirmo 

mollior,) 
And the green arbute-tree, (arbutus,) that covers you with its thin 

(rard) shade, 
Keep off the heat (solstitium) from my flock, (pecori;) now comes 

the summer 
Scorching ; now the buds swell on the vine, (epithet.) 

17. Beneath a hedge, and often (nee rard) on the margin of a bank ? 

there is a little 
Reptile, (the glow-worm,) which glitters by night, and lies con- 
cealed (latet) by day. 
Ye great, lay aside your pride, (fastus,) and no longer (nee) despise 
the lowly, 
Since even (et) this little (minimum) reptile has something (e£- 
lip.) which is splendid, (niteat.) 

18. In early spring, when the snow (periph.) on the hoary mountains 
Is dissolved, and the crumbling (putris) glebe unbinds itself by 

the Zephyr, 

Then (periph.) under the deep-pressed (depresso) plough, let my 
ox begin 

To groan, and the ploughshare, worn bright (attritus) by the fur- 
row, begin (ellip.) to glitter. 

19. Illustrious souls I if mortal things at all afreet (quid tangunt) 
The inhabitants of heaven, (ccelicolas,) if there is still with you 

(ellip.) any regard (curd) for the British race, 
I beseech you, renew (vos instaurate) our ancient vigor; 
That, sloth (somno) being shaken off, we may at length aspire 

(nitamur) to noble things, (ardua,) 
Mindful of true virtue, and of our fathers r (axitce) fame. 

20. Thus the Lagean (Lagea) bark,, while in the vast ocean like an 

island 
It appeared, (conspecta,} struck against (illisit) the rocks^ where 
the east wind, (epithet ,) 



§310= PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 317 

Scattering- ruin around, (naufragium spar gens,) blocks up (operit) 

the sea ; and now on the waters 
Both planks, (transtra,) and masts, and colors, (aplustria,) with 

(ellip.) the torn sail, 
And seamen, (epithet,) striving against (removentes) the waters ; 

float. 

21. For some (pars) commit the dead body to the earth, 
And strew garlands on the tomb, and obsequies yearly 

Pay, as though the shades of the dead (manes) required such 

offerings. 
Others, (pars,) the funeral pile being in order raised, burn on it the 

bodies (artus) of the dead, (ellip.) 
And collect their ashes, and place them in the faithful urn. 

22. Their life was like th Q life (ellip?) of a beast, spent without any 

regularity ; (nullos agitata -per usus ;) 
They were a savage people, and destitute as yet of knowl- 
edge. 
They had (norant) for houses leaves, for food (frugibus) herbs; 

Water, drunk out of their two hands, was their nectar. 
No ox panted under the curved ploughshare ; 

No land was under the cultivation (imperio) of the husband- 
man, (colentis.) 

23. Night had wrapped all things in darkness and in her silent shade, 

And deep sleep had seized on weary man. 

24. The birds were now singing, and the sun hastened from the east, 

To open with a purple smile the day. 

25. The shepherd guides his flocks} he now takes in his arms the 

tender lambs, 
And gives them, while cherished in his bosom, the sweetest 

herbs ; 
He now seeks for the sheep that are lost, and brings back the 

wandering. 

26. The third morning had from the heavens removed the cold shades 

of night, (ellip.) 
When they sorrowfully collected together (ruebant) on the hearths 

the high-raised (alius) ashes and 
The bones intermingled with each other, and placed over them a 

warm mound of earth. 

27. Begone, ye sleepless cares ; begone, complaints, 

And the host of envy, with her " jealous leer malign; " (transverso 

tortilis Mr quo ;) 
Nor thou, O cruel calumny, bring hither thy envenomed scoffs, 

(anguiferos rictus.) 

28. Thus (talis) the Parthian lord leads from the Tigris 
His barbarian troops, and proudly adorns his head 
With regal chaplets, gems, and rich attire. 

27* 



818 PROSODY —MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. § 3tt0, 

29. For now Eurus collects his strength from the purple east ; 

Now Zephyr approaches hasting from the west, (sero vesper e 
missus.) 
Now cold Boreas rages (bacchatur) from the dry north ; (Arcto ;) 
Now the south wind joins the contest with an opposing front. 

30. Androcles, who had fled as an exile from the anger of his master, 

Wandered over the parched sands of Libya. 
At length, when wearied and exhausted by his journey, (labore vi- 
aru?n,) ♦ 

A secret cave presented itself to him at the side of a rock. 

31. He enters the cave ; and scarcely had he committed his wearied 

limbs to sleep, 
When suddenly an immense lion roars in the cavern. 
It lifted up its wounded foot, and, uttering a mournful cry, 

It implored, as well as it was able to implore, the assistance of 

Androcles. 

32. The fugitive slave, struck with the novelty of the circumstance, 

and hesitating with fear, 
Scarcely at length moves his trembling hands to the assistance 

of the lion; (ellip.) 
But, after having examined the thorn, (for a thorn stuck in the 

wound,) 
He carefully and tenderly draws it out of the lion's foot. 

33. Now again he roams through the sylvan shades, and the groves } 

and, like an attentive host, 
Brings to the cave for Androcles constant food. 
The man, as the lion's guest, sits down to the feasts prepared for 
him, (ellip.) 
And hesitates not to partake of the undressed provisions. 

34. But who could bear to live thus solitarily in a cheerless desert ? 

(tcedia desertce vitce.) 

Scarcely could the rage of a revengeful master be more ter- 
rible. 
The slave at length resolves to expose his devoted head to certain 
dangers, 

And again to seek his paternal abode. 

35. Here he is given up by his master ; and, doomed to afford a cruel 

entertainment to the people, 
He stands in the theatre as a wretched criminal. 
By chance the same lion that he had assisted in the desert, 

(ellip.) fierce and raging with hunger, rushes from the 

dens, 
And looks with an astonished countenance on his physician. 

36. He looks at him, and, as an old friend recognizing his former 

guest, 
He lies down at his well-known feet caressing him, (llandulus.) 






PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 319 

This prodigy (ellip.) was the work of nature alone : she alone, who 
gave to the lion all his rage, 
She alone induced him to repress it. 

37. The dove, that has been wounded by thy talons, O hawk, 

Is alarmed at the least rustling of a wing. 
The lamb, that has been at any time rescued from the jaws of a 
rapacious wolf, 
Never dares again to wander from the fold. 

38. Happy is the man, who has spent his days in his paternal fields, 

Whom the same roof shelters (videt) when an old man, that 
sheltered him when a boy ; 
Who leaning on his staff, on the same sand on which he once 
crept as a child, (ellip.) 
Relates the long history (scecula) of his single habitation. 

39. Fortune has not led him through the innumerable vicissitudes of 

life ; (vario tumultu ;) 
He has neither as a traveller (periph.) tasted of foreign waters; 
Nor as a merchant has he feared the seas, nor as a soldier the 

trumpet's sound ; 
Neither has he undergone the contentions of jarring courts of 

law. 

40. The lofty oak he (qui) remembers when it hung as an acorn 

(ellip.) on a little branch, 

And he sees the grove of the same age with himself, with him- 
self grow old. 
But yet unbroken is his strength, and the third generation sees 
him 

A grandsire still robust with vigorous limbs. 

41. For the men add to the noise (sonant) by their clamor, the ropes 

by their rattling, 
The heavy waters by the dashing of the waves against each other, 

(undarum incursu,) and the sky by peals of thunder. 
The sea ascends in mighty waves, and seems to reach the 

heavens, 
And sprinkles the contiguous clouds with briny dew. 

42. May I never so misapply the powers of my mind, 

As to become the flatterer of kings and the promoter of vice; 
Nor may I spend the short space, that I can steal from the 
grave, 
In fawning and cringing (caudam submittam) like a fearful dog. 

43. There is near the Cimmerians (Cimmerios) a cave in a long re- 

cess, 
Formed of a hollow mountain, the palace and retired abode of 
lazy Sleep; 



320 PROSODY MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 

Into this cave the sun, whether rising, or on the meridian, (medi- 

usvc.) or setting, 
Is never able to penetrate with his rays. Fogs, mixed with 

darkness, 
Are exhaled from the ground, and a glimmering (crepuscula) of 

dubious light. 

44. Again, to show what virtue, and what wisdom can accomplish, 
Homer (ellip.) has exhibited Ulysses to our view as an instructive 

example, 

Who, having subdued Troy, viewed with an observant eye the 
cities 

And manners of many nations, and, 

While seeking for himself and his associates the means of re- 
turning over the wide ocean to their own land, (ellip.) 

Endured many hardships, yet could never be overwhelmed by the 
waves of adversity. 

45. See lofty Lebanon his head advance ! 

See nodding forests on the mountain dance ! 

46. Ah me ! the blooming pride of May (Mail) 

And that of beauty are but one : 
At noon both flourish bright and gay; 
At evening fade, are pale and gone. 

47. When winds approach, the vexed sea heaves around; 
From the bleak mountain comes a hollow sound; 
The loud blast whistles o'er the echoing shore ; 
Rustle the murmuring woods, the rising billows roar. 

48. So the sweet lark, high poised in air, 

Shuts close his pinions to his breast, 
If chance his mate's shrill note he hear, 
And drops at once into her nest. 

49. Nations behold, remote from reason's beams, (ellip.) 
Where Indian Ganges rolls his sandy streams, 

Of life impatient, rush into the fire, 

And willing victims to their gods expire, 

Persuaded (perrussa cvpidine cceca) the freed soul to regions flies, 

(sedes ubifata dedere quietus.) 
Blest with eternal spring and cloudless skies. 

50. Subdued at length, he owns Time's heavier tread, 
Bowed with the weight of ages on his head : 

So on some mountain's top the lofty pine, 
With years and tempests worn, in slow decline 
Droops to the chilling rains, the stormy gales, 
While wasting age its trembling boughs assails. 



§ 320. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 321 



LYRIC AND DRAMATIC MEASURES. 



In the following table, the numbers in the first column denote the 
kinds of metre employed in the subsequent exercises; those in the 
second column refer to the sections, &c. of the Grammar in which 
those metres are explained. The metres not referred to the Gram- 
mar are not found in the ancient Latin classics, but their explanation 
is subjoined to the table 



1, 


§ 310, 


I. 


12, 


§ 


312, 


VI, 


23, § 


314, 


VII. 


34, 


§ 


316, 


III. 


% 


■K 




13, 




a 


VII. 


24, 


u 


VIII. 


35, 




a 


IV. 


3, 


§ 310, 


II. 


14, 




it 


VIII 


,25, 


a 


IX. 


36, 




u 


V. 


4, 


§ 311, 


III. 


15, 


§ 


313, 


I. 


26, 


a 


X. 


37, 




a 


VI. 


5, 


# 




16, 




n 


II. 


27, § 


315, 


I. 


38, 


§ 


317, 


I. 


6, 


* 




17, 


§ 


314, 


L 


28, 


tt 


II. 


39, 




u 


II. 


7, 


§ 312, 


IV. 


18, 




a 


II. 


29, 


a 


III. 


40, 


§ 


318, 


Ill, 


3, 


u 


V. 


19, 




it 


III. 


30, 


•* 




41, 




it 


IV. 


9, 


•» 




20, 




ti 


IV. 


31, § 


316, 


I. 


42, 




u 


V. 


10, 
11, 


■3? 
* 




21, 
22, 




a 
it 


V. 
VI. 


32, 1 

33,5 


it 


II. 











* The following are the metres above referred to, and which are not 
contained in the Grammar. 



2. The hexameter meiurus is a defective hexameter, having an iam- 
bus in the sixth foot instead of a spondee. 

5. The JEolic pentameter consists of four dactyls, preceded by a 

spondee, a trochee, or an iambus. 

6. The PhalxBcian or Phaleucian verse consists of the penthemimeris 

of a hexameter, followed by a dactyl and a spondee. 

9. The tetrameter meiurus or Faliscan consists of the last four feet of 
the hexameter meiurus. 

10. The tetrameter acephalus is the tetrameter a posteriore wanting 

the first semifoot. 

11. The tetrameter catalectic is the tetrameter a prior e wanting the last 

semifoot. 

30. The trochaic dimeter consists of four feet, the first and two last of 
which are always trochees, and the second a trochee, spondee, 
dactyl, or anapest. 



322 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320. 

The first thirty of the following exercises are designed to be scan- 
ned ; the succeeding thirty-four require the order of the words to be 
changed, in order to the lines being formed into verses ; the remaining 
exercises are intended to be translated. The figures prefixed to the 
exercises refer to the preceding table. 

No. 8. 

1. Haud sic magni conditor orbis; 
Huic ex alto cuncta tuenti 
Nulla terrse mole resistunt, 
Non nox atris nubibus obstat. 

No. 9. 

2. Gratius astra nitent, ubi Notus 
Desinit imbriferos dare sonos ; 
Lucifer ut tenebras pepulerit, 
Pulchra dies roseos agit equos. 

No. 16. 

3. Somnos dabat herba salubris, 
Potum quoque lubricus amnis, 
Umbras altissima pinus ; 
Nondum maris alta secabat. 

No. 31. 

4. Tu ne qusesieris scire, nefas, quern mihi, quern tibi 
Finem di dederint, Leuconoe ; nee Babylonios 
Tentaris numeros, ut melius, quidquid erit, pati; 
Seu plures hyemes, seu tribuit Jupiter ultimam. 

No. 1, 8. 

5. Albus ut obscuro deterget nubila ccelo 

Saepe Notus, neque parturit imbres 
Perpetuos, sic tu sapiens finire memento 
Tristitiam vitseque labores. 

No. 1, 13, 1, 13. 

6. Diffugere nives ; redeunt jam gramina campis, 

Arboribusque comse ; 
Mutat terra vices ; et decrescentia ripas 
Flumina praetereunt. 

No. 1, 17, 1, 17. 

7. Mella cava manant ex ilice ; montibus altis 

Levis crepante lympha desilit pede. 
lllic injussa? veniunt ad mulctra capellse, 
Refertque tenta grex amicus ubera. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22. 

8. Has inter epulas, ut juvat pastas oves 

Yidere properantes domum ! 



§ 320. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 323 

Videre fessos, vomerem inversum, boves, 
Collo trahentes languido. 

No. 11, 36. 
9. Omne hominum genus in terris 
Simili surgit ab ortu ; 
Unus enim rerum pater est, 
Unus cuncta ministrat. 

No. 34, 35. 

10. Jam veris comites, quae mare temperant, 
Impellunt animse lintea Thraciae ; 

Jam nee prata rigent, nee fluvii strepunt 
Hy berna. nive turgidi. 

No. 35, 34. 

11. Caris multa sodalibus, 

Nulli plura tamen, dividit oscula, 
Quam dulci Lamiae, memor 

Actae non alio rege puertise. 

No. 28, 14 

12. Scandit aeratas vitiosa naves 
Cura, nee turmas equitum relinquit, 
Ocior cervis, et agente nimbos 

Ocior Euro. 

No. 41, 21. 

13. Solvitur acris hyems grata vice veris et Favoni; 

Trahuntque siccas machinae carinas ; 
Ac neque jam stabulis gaudet pecus, aut arator igni ; 
Nee prata canis albicant pruinis. 

No. 37, 32. 

14. Cur neque militaris 

Inter aequales equitat ; Gallica nee lupatis 
Temperat ora fraenis ? 

Cur timet flavum Tiberim tangere ? cur olivura ? 

No. 34, 34, 36, 35. 

15. Vos Tempe totidem tollite laudibus, 
Natalemque, mares, Delon Apollinis, 

Insignemque pharetra 
Fraternaque humerum lyra. 

No. 40, 40, 23, 42. 

16. Doctrina sed vim promovet insitam, 
Rectique cultus pectora roborant ; 

Utcunque defecere mores, 
Dedecorant bene nata culpae. 



324 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320. 

No. 1, 22, 13. 
17. Nobilis ut grandi cecinit Centaurus alumno, 
" Invicte mortalis, dea 
Nate puer Thetide, 
Te manet Assaraci tellus, quam frigida parvi 
Findunt Scamandri flumina, 
Lubricus et Simois." 

No. 24, 21. 

18. At fides, et ingeni 

Benigna vena est ; pauperemque dives 
Me petit. Nihil supra 

Deos lacesso ; nee potentem amicum 
Largiora flagito, 

Satis beatus unicis Sabinis. 

No. 17, 13, 22. 

19. Ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram, 

Jussus abire domum, 
Ferebar incerto pede 
Ad non amicos, heu, mini postes, et hen 
Limina dura, quibus 
Lumbos et infregi latus. 

No. 18. 

20. Querceta Fauni, vosque rore vinoso 
Colles benigni, mitis Evandri sedes, 

Si quid salubre vallibus frondet vestris, 
Levamen segro ferte certatim vati. 
Sic ille, chartis redditus rursum Musis, 
Vicina dulci prata mulcebit cantu. 

21. Frigora mitescunt Zephyris ; ver proterit aestas, 

Interitura simul ; 
Pomifer autumnus fruges effuderit ; et mox 
Bruma recurret iners. 

22. Labuntur altis interim ripis aquae, 

Queruntur in sylvis aves, 
Fontesque lymphis obstrepunt manantibus ; 
Somnos quod invitet leves. 

23. Quam variis terras animalia permeant figuris ! 

Namque alia extento sunt corpore, pulveremque verrunt, 
Continuumque trahunt vi pectoris incitata sulcum. 
Sunt quibus alarum le vitas vaga, verberetque ventos. 

24. Monte decurrens velut amnis, imbres 
Quern super notas aluere ripas, 

Fervet, immensusque ruit profundo 
Pindarus ore. 



§£20. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 325 

25. Cum nemus flatu Zephyri tepentis 

Vernis irrubuit rosis, 
Spiret insanum nebulosus Auster, 
Jam spinis abeat decus. 

26. Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas 

Regumque turres : o beate Sexti, 
Vita? summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam ; 
Jam te pre met nox, fabulaeque manes. 

27. Nee Coae referunt jam tibi purpurae, 
Nee clari lapides tempora, quae semel 

Notis condita fastis * 
Inclusit volucris dies. 

28. Purae rivus aquae, sylvaque jugerum 
Paucorum, et segetis certa fides meae, 
Fulgentem imperio fertilis Africa? 

Fallit, sorte beatior. 

29. Virtus, recludens immeritis mori 
Coelum, negata tentat iter via ; 

Coetusque vulgares, et udam 
Spernit humum fugiente penna. 

30. Quid genus et proavos strepitis ? 

Si primordia vestra 
Auctoremque Deum spectes, 

Nullus degener extat, 
Ni vitiis pejora fovens, 

Proprium deserat ortum. 

No. 16. 

31. Utinam modo redirent nostra 
Tempora in priscos mores ! 
Sed, ignibus ^Gtnae saevior, 
Amor fervens habendi ardet. 

No. 6. 

32. Nunc jacet lumine mentis effoeto, 
Et pressus colla catenis gravibus, 
Declivemque pondere gerens vultum, 
Cogitur, heu, cernere terrain stolidam. 

No. 17. 

33. Anima mea, recogita mecum, recogita, 
Horrore quo perculsa, ponti videris 
Imo ex sinu profunditates erutas, 
Montesque nuctuum imminentes montibus. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22. 

34. Elusus miser, non est, ut arbitraris, 

Mors atra filia Noctis, 

28 



326 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320. 

Erebove creta patre sive Erinnye, 
Vastove sub Chao nata. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22. 

35. Ast ilia, missa stellato ccelo, Dei 

Messes colligit ubique, 
Animasque, reconditas carnea mole, 
In lucem et evocat auras. 

No. 17, 22, 17, 22. 

36. En, viator defesse, et infra despice 

Vitee terminum viseque, 
Vide quo laboriosa vestigia 

Hue, ecce, omnia tendunt. 

No. 30, 29, 30, 29. 

37. Hybla, funde totos flores, 

Quidquid attulit annus ; 
Hybla, riorum vestem sparge, 
Quantus campus Ennae est. 

No. 23, 28, 28, 14. 

38. Deus, laudes in Sione manent te, 
Hie, castis sacris operata, tibi 
Gens vota tua solvet, victimisque 

Aras imbue t. 

No. 28, 23, 28, 14. 

39. Quique tarn prsesens supplicantum tibi 
Secundos exitus tribuas votis, 
Gentes petent te mundi sub utroque 

Jacentes axe. 

No. 23, 28, 28, 14. 

40. Tu, potens rerum pollens validisque 
Viribus, catena stabili firmas 
Tractus montium, jugaque inquietis 

Procellis tunsa. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

41. Tu maris, agitata ventis nigris, 
Componis terga ; rebelles cohibes 
Motus gentium, placidaque mutas 

Tumultus pace. 

No. 23, 28, 28, 14. 

42. Ultimi rerum signa tua norunt, 
Et pavent fines, coruscis quoties 
Flammis turgidum fremuit sonoro 

Caelum murmure. 



§320, PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 327 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

43. Tu solum terrae, imbrem sitientis, 
Invisis lffitus ; gravidseque nubis 
De sinu, fundis genitale pigros 

In semen agros. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

44. Alveus, pleno semper tibi amne, 
Turgidus lseta no vat fruge arva, 
Campos floribus, virentes nemorum 

Reeessus fronde. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

45. Tu maceras rore leni sola contumacis 

terrae, glebas subigisque, 

Sulcos ebrios amictu viridante 

Inumbras messis. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

46. Qua feres gressus, annum renovabis 
Frugum fertile m, vegetansque foetus 
Per valles cavas saltus riguosque 

Humor impluet. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

47. Pauper tugurii (apoc.) colonus gestiet, 
Comitans capellas distentas lacte ; 
Colles mugient, et sylva, arnica fessis 

juvencis. 

No. 28, 28, 28, 14. 

48. Spes cupidas aratoris fovebit 
Fluctuans latis campis seges alma ; 
Ut canat tibi feriatus festl 

In umbra carmen. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

49. Quid frustra rabidi canes petitis me ? 
Cur premis improbum propositum Livor ? 
Sicut pastor ovem, Dominus regit me : 

Nil penitus deerit (syncer.) mihi. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

50. Per mitia pabula viridis campi, 
Qu33 amoenitas teneri veris pingit, 
Nunc pascor placide, nunc latus saturum 

Molliter explico fessus. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

51. Rivus purse aquse leniter astrepens 
Restituit robora languidis membris ; 



328 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320. 

Et spiritus recreat blando fomite 
Sub face torrida solis. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

52. Cum peteret mens vaga devios saltus, 
Sequens teneras illecebras errorum, 
Bonus retraxit, denuo me miserans, 

In viam justitiae pastor. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

53. Nee si luctifica manu per trepidas intentet 

tenebras mors vulnera mihi, 

Formidem pergere, te duce, me pedo 

Faeies securum tuo. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

54. Tu accumulas mensas epulis ; merum 

Tu suffieis plenis pater is ; et caput exhilaras 

unguento : conficit asmulos 

Dura spectant anxius dolor. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

55. Tua bonitas nunquam destituet me, 
Perpetuo favor profususque bonis, 
Et non solicitae domi tuae longa 

Tempora vitas transigam. 

No. 40, 40, 23, 42. 

56. Tecum alta Virtus sedet laurigeram 
Frontem decora, et Veritas filia, 

Cui vultus fulgens immortale 
Radiatur purpureo igne. 

No. 17. 

57. Pogtae veteres fabulantur Protea 

Fuisse quendem, qui verteret se in omnes 
Formas, nee posset contineri ullis vinculis, 

dum nunc in liquentes undas fluit, 

Nunc stridet flamma, nunc ferus leo rugit, 
Arbor viret, ursus horret, anguis sibilat. 

No. 41. 

58. Unica gens hominum altius levat celsum cacumen, 
Atque levis stat recto corpore, despicitque terras. 
HaBC figura admonet, nisi terrenus male desipis, 
Qui recto vultu petis caelum, exerisque frontem, 

In sublime animum quoque feras, ne gravata pessum, 
Inferior sidat mens Celsius levato corpore. 






§ 320, prosody — lyric measures. 329 

No. 29. 

59. Quae faciunt vitam beatiorem, 
Hasc sunt, Martialis jucundissime : 
Ager non ingratus, perennis focus. 
Nunquam lis, rara toga, quieta mens, 
Ingenuae vires, corpus salubre, 
Simplicitas prudens, amici pares j 

No. 29. 

60. Facilis convictus, sine arte mensa, 
Non ebria nox sed curis soluta, 
Torus non tristis attamen pudicus, 
Somnus, qui tenebras breves faciat, 
Velis esse quod sis, nihilque malis, 
Nee metuas diem summum, nee optes. 

No. 35, 34, 31, 35, 34, 31. 

61. Gaudio pectora pulsat 

Loeto cor trepidum ; lingua avet tuas 
Promere laudes ; spes bona tacite recreat corpus. 
Tu viam vitae reseras : 

De vultu tuo fluvii lestitiae 
Manant ; tu tribuis gaudia munifica dextera. 

No. 34, 34, 34, 35. 

62. Qualis per silentia nigra nemorum, 
Vallesque irriguas, et domos virides, 
Fons placidus murmure languido serpit, 

Peragens secretum iter ; 
Paulisper vagus, atque agens exiguos Maeandros, 

— sinuat se variis modis, 

Dum tandem, fugam celerem praecipitans, 

Maris gremio miscetur. 

63. Talis per semitam tacitam devia 
DifTugiat aetas, non gravis opibus, 
Rauca jurgia fori non experta, nee palmae 

decus sanguineum ; 

Cumque tenebrae instant et lux brevis occidit, 
Et satura ludo, et laboribus fessa, 
Membra jacentia mors lenisque sopor 

Manu placida componant. 

No. 16. 

64. Quae canit altis ramis, garrula 
Ales clauditur antro caveae ; 
Huic licet pocula illita melle, 
Dulci studio, dapes largasque, 
Cura ludens hominum ministret, 
Si tamen, saliens arcto tecto, 
Viderit gratas umbras nemorum, 

28* 



330 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320. 

Proterit sparsas escas pedibus ; 
Sylvas tarrtum requirit mcesta, 
Susurrat sylvas voce dulci. 

No. 11,36,11,36. 

65. The same Creator gave to the sun his rays; He gave to the 
moon her horns ; He also gave inhabitants to the earth, and stars to 
the heaven. 

Ille do radius Phoebus ; 

Et do cornu luna; 
Ille etiam terra (enall.) homo 

Do, et coelum sidus. 

No. 28, 35, 23, 35. 

66. The sea is often resplendent in. calm weather, Its waves being 
unruffled ; The north wind often raises in it raging tempests, The 
waters being agitated. 

Saepe radio tranquillus serenum 

Mare, fluctus immotus ; 
Ssepe Aquilo teinpestas (syjwn.) fervens, 

JEquor (enall.) versus, concito. 

No. 25, 36, 25, 36, 25, 36. 

67. Whoever shall wish Cautiously to erect a house that shall stand, 
Should take care to avoid the sea, Threatening with its waves The 
top of a lofty mountain, And should shun quicksands. 

Quisquis perennis volo 

Sedes caute (enall.) pono, 
Et minans fluctus, 

Mare (synon) sperno euro, 
Altus mons cacumen, 

Arena vito bibulus. 

No. 25, 36, 25, 36, 25, 36. 

68. The former of these situations the south wind Assails with all 
its strength; The loose quicksands Are unable to bear the pressing 
weight. Remember to place your house on a low And firm rock. 

Ille Auster (epithet) 

Vires totus urget ; 
Hie solutus pendulus 

Pondus recuso ferro. 
Memento figo doraus humilis 

saxum certus. 

No. 25, 36, 25, 36, 25, 36. 

69. Although The wind roar, Agitating the waters and covering 
them with ruins, You, happily screened By the strength of your 
unmoved rampart, Shall serenely spend your days, Smiling at the 
fury of the wind. 



§ 320. PROSODY — LYRIC MEASURES. 331 

Tono quamvis, ruina 

JEqaor miscens, ventus, 
Tu, quietus conditus 

Feliciter (enall.) vallus robur, 
JSvum serene (enall.) duco, 

Irridens (enall.) ira (enall.) aether. 

No. 35. 
70. Orpheus, the Thracian bard, bewailing Long since the death 
of Eurydice, his wife, After he had by his mournful strains made 
The woods move, and the flowing Rivers stand still, The stag fear- 
lessly drew near the fierce lions, Nor did the hare fear The dog be- 
fore her ? that was now rendered harmless by the song. 

Conjux fun us {enall.) quondam 

Gemens, Threicius vates 
Postquam modus flebilis 
Curro sylva, mobilis 
Amnis cogo sto, 

Jungoque latus intrepide (enall.) 
Leo saevus cerva, 
Nee timeo lepus visus 
Canis, jam cantus placidus. 



No. 35. 
71. When a more violent Passion burned within his breast, And 
the strains, which had subdued all things around him, Could not 
soothe the sorrows of him, from whom they proceeded, Complaining 
of the cruel deities, He went to their infernal abodes. There, bring- 
ing tender strains From his harmonious strings, He weeps, and 
moves even the infernal regions, And with a sweet prayer Solicits 
pardon and favor of the gods of the shades. 

Cum intima flagrantior 
Pectoris fervor ureret, 
Nee, qui subigo cunctus, 
Modus mulceo dominus, 
Querens superi imraitis, 
Domus infernus adeo. 
Illic, sonans chorda blandus 

temperans carmen, 

Defleo, et moveo (enall.) Tsenara, 
Et prece dulcis venia 
Rogo umbra dominus. 



No. 35. 
72. Cerberus, the three-headed guardian of the entrance, stands 
amazed, Captivated by the unusual song. The cruel goddesses, the 
avengers of crimes, Who are the authors of miseries, Are now be- 
dewed with tears in sorrow. The rapid wheel hurries not round 
The body of Ixion ; And Tantalus, a prey to long-continued thirst, 



332 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. § 320. 

Heeds not the waters near him. The vulture, while he is delighted 
with the strains, Tears not the liver of Tityus. 

Tergeminus stupeo, novus 
Janitor, captus carmen. 
Sontes, qui malum agito, 
Dea, ultrix scelus, 
Jam mcestus madeo lacrymae. 
Non caput Ixionius 
Rota velox prsecipito ; 
Et, perditus sitis longus, 
Tantalus fiumen sperno. 
Dura sum modus satur, vultur 
Non traho jecur Tityi. 

No. 35. 

73. At length the monarch Of the shades, commiserating his sor- 
rows, says, " We yield. Let us give to the bard as a companion 
His wife, redeemed by his song : But let this condition accompany 
the gift, That it shall not be lawful for him to look behind him, Until 
he shall have left these regions." Who shall lay a restraint on 
lovers ? Alas ! when near the boundaries of the realms of night, 
Orpheus looked back on his Eurydice, Lost her, and was undone. 

" Vincor," tandem arbiter 

Umbra aio miserans, 

" Dono vir comes 

Conjux, carmen emptus: 

Sed donum (enall.) lex coerceo, 

Ne, dum relinquo {enall.) Tartara, 

Fas sum flee to lumen." 

Quis amans lex det ? 

Heu ! prope nox terminus, Orpheus 

suus Eurydice 

Video, perdo, et (asyn.) occido. 

No. 28. 

74. The mighty labors of Hercules render him illustrious : i 
He overcame the proud Centaurs ; 

He stripped from the fierce Nemean (ellip.) lion his skin ; 
He pierced also the harpies (volucres) with his unerring darts. 

No. 28. 

75. He took from the watchful dragon the golden (ellip.) apples ; 
He dragged along Cerberus in a three-fold chain : 

The conquering hero (victor) is said to have placed their cruel 
Master as food before the fierce steeds of Diomed. (ellip.) 

No. 28. 

76. The hydra was destroyed by a burning (combusio) poison ; 

The god of (ellip.) the river Achelous, maimed (turbatus) in his 
forehead, 



PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 333 

Hid his face, covered with shame, beneath his waters (ripis ;) 
He laid Ante us prostrate on the African sands. 

No. 28. 

77. Cacus appeased by his death (ellip.) the anger of Evander ; 
And the shoulders (ellip.) of Hercules (ellip.) which the mighty 

(altus) globe was soon to press with its weight, 
These shoulders the boar (setiger) of Arcadia (ellip.) stained 

with his foam ; 
His last labor supports on his shoulders the heavens. 

No. 17. 

78. When all thy mercies, O my God (Jehova,) 

My rising soul surveys, 
Transported with the view, I'm lost (mens luzret) 
In wonder, love, and praise. 

No. 17. 

79. O how shall words with equal warmth 

The gratitude declare, 
That glows within my ravished breast ? 
But thou canst read it there. 

No. 17. 

80. To all my weak complaints and cries 

Thy mercy lent an ear, 
Ere yet my feeble thoughts had learned 
To form themselves in prayer. 

No. 17. 

81. Unnumbered (qua nullus cequat computus) comforts to my soul 

Thy tender care bestowed, 
Before my infant heart conceived 
From whom those comforts flowed. 

No. 17. 

82. When in the slippery paths of youth 

With heedless steps I ran, 
Thine arm, unseen, conveyed me safe, 
And led me up to man (cexum maturius.) 

No. 17. 

83. Through hidden dangers, toils, and deaths, 

It gently cleared my way, 
And through the pleasing snares of vice, 
More to be feared than they. 



334 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 

No. 17. 

84. When worn with sickness, oft hast thou 

With health renewed my face, 
And when in sins and sorrow sunk, 
Revived my soul with grace. 

No. 17. 

85. Thy bounteous hand with worldly bliss 

Has made my cup run o'er (sat superque me 
bedrit copia,) 
And in a kind and faithful friend 
Has doubled all my store. 

No. 17. 

86. Ten thousand thousand precious gift3 

My daily thanks employ, 
Nor is the least a cheerful heart, 
That tastes those gifts with joy. 

No. 17. 

87. Through every period of my life 

Thy goodness I'll pursue, 
And after death, in distant worlds, 
The glorious theme renew. 

No. 17. 

88. When nature fails, and day and night 

Divide thy works no more, 
My ever- grateful heart, O Lord, 
Thy mercy shall adore. 

No. 17. 

89. Through all eternity, to thee 

A joyful song I'll raise ; 

But, O, eternity's too short 

To utter all thy praise ! 

No. 25. — 10 Lines. 

90. Little cricket, full of mirth, 
Chirping on my kitchen hearth, 
Wheresoe'er be thine abode, 
Always harbinger of good, 

Pay me for thy warm retreat 
With a song more soft and sweet ; 
In return thou shalt receive 
Such a strain as I can give. 



§320. PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. 335 

No. 25.— 10 Lines. 

91. Thus thy praise shall be expressed, 
Inoffensive, welcome guest; 
While the rat is on the scout, 
And the mouse with curious snout, 
With what vermin else infest 
Every dish, and spoil the best, 
Frisking thus before the fire, 
Thou hast all thine heart's desire. 

No. 25. — 10 Lines. 

92. Though in voice and shape they be 
Formed as if akin to thee, 

Thou surpassest, happier far, 
Happiest grasshoppers that are ; 
Theirs is but a summer's song, 
Thine endures the winter long, 
Unimpaired, and shrill, and clear, 
Melody throughout the year. 

No. 25. — 10 Lines. 

93. Neither night nor dawn of day 
Puts a period to thy play ; 
Sing then, and extend thy span 
Far beyond the date of man: 
Wretched man, whose years are spent 

\ In repining discontent, 

Lives not, aged though he be, 
Haifa span, compared with thee. 

No. 17. 

94. The spacious firmament on high, 
With all the blue, ethereal sky, 

And spangled heavens, a shining frame, 

Their great Original proclaim. 

The unwearied sun, from day to day, 

Does his Creator's power display, 

And publishes to every land 

The work of an almighty hand. 

No. 17. 

95. Soon as the evening shades prevail, 
The moon takes up the wondrous tale, 
And nightly to the listening earth 
Repeats the story of her birth ; 
Whilst all the stars that round her burn, 
And all the planets in their turn, 
Confirm the tidings as they roll, 

And spread the truth from pole to pole. 



336 PROSODY LYRIC MEASURES. §320. 



No. 17. 
96. What though in solemn silence all 
Move round this dark, terrestrial ball ; 
What though no real voice nor sound 
Amidst their radiant orbs be found, — 
In reason's ear they all rejoice. 
And utter forth a glorious voice, 
Forever singing, as they shine, 
" The hand that made us is divine." 



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